U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS RESEARCH PAPER RP923 Part of Journal of R esearch of the National Bureau of Sta ndards, Volume 17, Septem ber 1936 YOUNG'S MODULUS OF ELASTICITY, STRENGTH, AND EXTENSIBILITY OF REFRACTORIES IN TENSION By R. A. Heindl and L. E. lVIo,ng ABSTRACT Youn g's modulus of el ast icity, str engt h, and extensibility were determined at ordinary temperatures \Ipon the following materials in tension: 16 brands of fire-clay brick with a wide range in silica content, representing the stiff- mud , dry-press, and handmade methods of forming; one brand each of silica brick, chrome, for sterite, 60 percent al umina, 80 percent alumina, and of mullite. A comparison is made of the t ens ile properties of sp ecimens obtained parall el to th e 9-i n. dimension with those obtained parallel to the in . di"mension. The effects of method of setting the bricks in the kiln during firing, load during fi rin g, and weight of the brick on the tensile properties of fire-clay brick made by the dry-press process were briefly studied. Wi th one exception , the tendency is quite general for the tensile properties to vary greatly not only between units but al so within the unit. CONTENTS Page I. Introduction__ _ _ _ __ __ __ __ ____ ____ ___ __ _ __ _____ __ ___ ______ ____ 464 II. lYlatel'ials_ _ _ ___ ___ ___ __ __ _ _ __ _____ _ ____ _ ___ _ __ __ __ __ _ __ ___ _ __ 464 1. Chemical analyses______________________________________ 464 2. Pyrometric-cone equivalents_ __ ___ _ ___ __ __ __ __ _ ___ ____ _ __ 466 3. P orosity _ __ _ _ _ __ __ ______ ________ _____ __ _____ ____ ____ __ 466 III. Specimens and apparatus__ _ _ __ __ ___ ___ _ ___ _______ ___ _ ___ _____ _ 467 1. Specimens_____________________________________________ 46 7 2. Des cription of apparatus_ _ __ _____ __ __ __ __ ___ __ ____ __ ____ 467 3. Precision_ _ ____ __ __ __ ____ _____ __ ____ __ __ _____ __ ________ 468 IV. Methods of testing and sampling_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ ___ __ __ 468 1. Young's modulus of elasticity in tension___________________ 468 (a) L engths and positions of strain gages _ _ _ _ __ _ ___ __ __ 468 (b) Stress- strain curves______________________________ 469 2. T ensile strength_________ ______ _________________________ 470 3. Extensibility _ _____ ___ __ __ __ ___ ___ _ __ _ _ __ __ __ __ _ __ __ ___ _ 470 4. Sampling of specimens _ _ __ __ __ ___ _ ___ __ __ __ __ _ __ __ __ __ __ 470 (a) Various methods studied_____ __ __________________ 470 (b) Variation in modulus of elasticity over 6-inch gage lengths_______________________________________ 473 (c) Var iation in modu lus of elasticity with change in cr08S- section of specimen_____________________ _______ 473 (d) Method of sampling specimens adopted____________ 474 V. R es ults and discussion_________ ______ _______________ _________ __ 474 1. C ompari son of tensil e properties within the brick, between bricks , and between brands __ _ __ __ ___ _ __ ___ _ _ __ __ __ ____ 474 2. Effect of kiln setting, l oad, and weight of brick on tensile properties_ _ _ __ __ __ _ ___ __ _ __ ______ __ __ ___ __ __ ____ ____ 477 (a) Kiln setting __ _ _ _ _ __ __ _____ __ _________ ______ ____ 477 (b) Load__________________________________________ 479 (c) Weight of brick_ _ _ _ __ __ ___ _ __ __ __ ___ __ ____ __ ____ 481 VI. Summary and conclusions____ __ ___ __ _____________ ________ ____ __ 481 463
YOUNG'S MODULUS OF ELASTICITY, STRENGTH, AND EXTENSIBILITY OF REFRACTORIES IN TENSION
Jun 21, 2023
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