BUTLER’S TOURISM LIFE CYCLE MODEL YOU WILL LEARN: • APPLICATION OF THE MODEL TO SPAIN’S COSTA del SOL • APPLYING TODAYS TOURIST DESTINATIONS TO THE MODEL
Dec 14, 2015
BUTLER’S TOURISM LIFE CYCLE MODEL
YOU WILL LEARN:• APPLICATION OF THE MODEL TO SPAIN’S COSTA del SOL• APPLYING TODAYS TOURIST DESTINATIONS TO THE MODEL
Based on MEDC tourism Life Cycle of a Resort Tourism viewed as a resource 6 Stages
◦Exploration◦Involvement◦Development◦Consolidation◦Stagnation◦Decline OR Rejuvenation
Butler’s Tourism Life Cycle Model
Small number of tourist attracted by culture / natural beauty
Limited numbers Few facilities exist
Exploration
Large numbers of tourists
Control of market moves from locals to external bodies e.g. TNC’s
Conflict between residents and tourists
Development
At this stage mass tourism replaces what was once the original economic function of the settlement.
It may appear that the local culture is being diminished by a more international culture
Success
Tourist numbers plateau
Older facilities seen as “second rate”
Peak tourist numbers reached
Resort no longer fashionable
Stagnation
Attractiveness continues to decline
Visitors lost to other resorts / destinations
Resort becomes dependant on day / weekend visitors from limited geographical area
Unless efforts made to modernise and rejuvenate resort will continue to decline
Decline OR Rejuvenation
Exploration◦1960’s only 0.4 million tourists to the Costa
del Sol, visiting for the beach holidays Involvement
◦1970's numbers rose to 3 million. ◦Farmland built on, infrastructure improved. ◦Transition from resource based to demand
based Development & Consolidation
◦1980’s numbers rocketed to 7 million (carrying capacity reached)
◦Clubs, bars, restaurants and more hotels were built, leading to environmental degradation.
Stagnation◦Late 1980’s area began to stagnate, and
was no longer fashionable. ◦Attractive mountainous area blocked by
large hotel developments,◦ Beaches dirty from litter left by tourists◦Polluted from excessive sewage. ◦Strain on resources e.g. water It takes 60 000 gallons to run a luxury
hotel for a day.
Decline OR Rejuvenation??
◦1990s Costa del Sol began rejuvenation.◦Beaches tidied &achieved EU Blue Flag ◦VAT cut to 6% to encourage tourists and
businesses ◦Tourism began to diversify to eco tourism
and heritage tourism. Development of Coto Donana national
park to 'Costa Donana’ abandoned Wetland area popular with rare birds Previous development had seen a drop in
the water table and the death of 30 000 wild birds form pesticide contamination