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Qdu Lokt Pong At Satb Qdu9 Vhokkakc mdr tbg
@aspdsatadk dm @acatoh Ossgts Omtgr @gotb
Konao @. Boksgk, I@
Gvgry `oy, golb kgw akkdvotadk ak tglbkdhdcy ok` `oto eongs dur wdrh` sgge o
jat seohhgr ok` kovacotakc at ohh tbg edrg mostgr ok` gosagr. Aklrgosakchy, tbg
jusakgss dm havakc dur havgs as ldk`ultg` vao bacb-spgg`, bacbhy ldkkgltg` kgtwdrns
watb `acatoh troksoltadks mdr eokocakc dur a`gktatags, rghotadksbaps, ok` ommoars,
tonakc tbg pholg dm pbysaloh, dkg-dk-dkg aktgroltadks. Os sulb, kgw ldklgrks bovg
orasgk rghotakc td tbg ukprglg`gktg` ok` ukaqug lbohhgkcgs dm dur `acatoh havgs. Dkg
sulb lbohhgkcg as wbot td `d ojdut dur `acatoh rgeoaks tbg havgs wg hgovg dkhakg
omtgr wg `ag. Ats soa` tbot kdtbakc as gvgr rgohhy cdkg mrde tbg Aktgrkgt. Am tbots sd,
wg eust sgradushy ldksa`gr tbg qugstadk dm wbot boppgks td dur ohh dm tbg `oto,
akmdreotadk, pbdtds, va`gds, gtl. tbot wg sborg dk o `oahy josas omtgr wgrg cdkg.
Pbas popgr marst gxphdrgs tbg sldpg dm tbg assug, ldksa`grakc wbot ldukts os
`acatoh ossgts ok` tbg prdjhges tbgy lduh` pdsg omtgr wg `ag am hgmt ukphokkg` mdr.
Sbot mdhhdws as o hddn ot sdeg lurrgkt opprdolbgs td `acatoh ossgt eokocgegkt ok`
ok gxoeakotadk dm tbgar pdtgktaoh haeatotadks. Makohhy, tbas popgr wahh sueeorazg
sdeg hgcoh opprdolbgs td tbg prdjhge dm `acatoh ossgt eokocgegkt ok` ldksa`gr tbg
ojahaty dm mg`groh hgcashotadk td stok`or`azg tbg prdlgss. Deattg` mrde tbas `aslussadk
org tbg gstotg phokkakc assugs tbot eacbt ommglt lbah`rgk, ldpyracbt lhoaes, Aktgrkgt
coeakc, pravotghy bdstg` geoah ok` jhdcs, ok` gephdygrs aktgrgsts ak acatoh ossgts.
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DWZ @ACAPOH HA]G\
Jglousg tbg woys ak wbalb dkg lok aktgrolt ok` troksolt ommoars dkhakg org sd
kuegrdus ok` vorag`, at eongs sgksg td sgt dut o `gmakatadk dm `acatoh ossgts os tbg
tgre wahh jg usg` ak tbas popgr. @acatoh ossgts aklhu`g akmdreotadk stdrg` ok` usg`
jy ldeputgrs (os wghh os edjahg `gvalgs ok` `acatoh stdrocg `gvalgs) sulb os geoah,
wdr` prdlgssakc `dluegkts, aeocgs, ou`ad ok` va`gd mahgs, Aktgrkgt olldukts, ok`
dtbgr `oto.a
How prdmgssdr Kodea Lobk `ava`gs `acatoh ossgts aktd mdur `ammgrgkt
lotgcdrags9 Vgrsdkoh, \dlaoh Eg`ao, Makoklaoh ok` Jusakgss.aaVgrsdkoh ossgts aklhu`g
tbdsg typalohhy stdrg` dk o ldeputgr dr seort-pbdkg dr uphdo`g` dktd o wgjsatg.
\dlaoh eg`ao ossgts akvdhvg aktgroltadks watb dtbgr pgdphg tbgy ohsd lok sgrvg os
stdrocg mdr pbdtds, va`gds, ok` dtbgr ossgts. Pbg makoklaoh lotgcdry typalohhy
aklhu`gs jokn olldukts, olldukts watb sbdppakc satgs, sujslraptadks ok` dkhakg
poyegkt systges. Makohhy, jusakgss ossgts tong aktd olldukt akmdreotadk sulb os
lustdegr o``rgssgs ok` prgmgrgklgs, lhagkt mahgs, ok` potagkt akmdreotadk.aaa
O murtbgr ossgts/olldukts `astakltadk lok jg eo`g wbalb as bghpmuh ak
lhoramyakc tbg egokakc dm `acatoh ossgts. @acatoh ossgts org tbg oltuoh mahgs ok` `acatoh
olldukts org tbg ollgss racbts td mahgs mduk` akgeoah, sdlaoh eg`ao olldukts,
`deoak rgcastrotadk olldukts, gtl.avAk sbdrt, `acatoh ossgts sbohh jg uk`grstdd` os
oky `acatoh mahg dk o pgrsdks ldeputgr os wghh os dkhakg olldukts ok`
egejgrsbaps.v
Pbgsg `acatoh ossgts bdh` jdtb rgoh ok` sgktaegktoh vohug. Ak`gg`, 76 pgrlgkt
dm Oegraloks wduh` solramalg ohh dm tbgar volotadk taeg mdr ok gktarg ygor rotbgr tbok
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Ldkcrgss lhgorhy bos tbg pdwgr
td rgcuhotg tbg Aktgrkgt, os at `dgs dtbgr akstruegktohatags ok` lbokkghs dm aktgrstotg
ldeegrlg.hxxvaaAk`gg`, ohh 76 stotgs ok` tbg mg`groh cdvgrkegkt ohrgo`y bovg
lraeakoh hows tbot pgkohazg ukoutbdrazg` ollgss td `ammgrgkt typgs dm pravotg dr
prdtgltg` pgrsdkoh `oto.hxxvaaaPbgsg hows cgkgrohhy rgcuhotg wbgk, wbot, ok` bdw
sgrvalg prdva`grs lok `avuhcg akmdreotadk mrde dr crokt ollgss td dkhakg olldukts ak
dr`gr td prdva`g ldksuegr prdtgltadk ocoakst mrou` ok` a`gktaty tbgmt. Bdwgvgr,
tbgsg lraeakoh hows eoy ohsd bovg o lbahhakc gmmglt dk ma`ulaorags tryakc td lorry dut
tbgar utags dm cotbgrakc o `glgosg` pgrsdks ossgts, poyakc gjts ok` gxpgksgs, ok`
`astrajutakc tbg rgeoak`gr.hxxax
Mdr gxoephg tbg Ldeputgr Mrou` ok` Ojusg Olt (LMVOO)hxxxpgreats tbg
cdvgrkegkt td lborcg o pgrsdk watb vadhotakc tbg Olt wbgk tbot pgrsdk bos
gxlgg`g` bas ollgss jy vadhotakc tbg ollgss ruhgs put ak pholg jy tbg ldeputgr dwkgr
ok` tbgk ldeeats mrou` dr djtoaks akmdreotadk. Pbg @gportegkt dm Iustalg ossgrts
tbot vadhotadk dm o satgs Pgres dm \grvalg as ldksa`grg` watbak tbg pbrosakc dm
gxlgg`s outbdrazg` ollgss.hxxxaPbgrgs ohsd tbg?12= Ghgltrdkal Ldeeukalotadks
Vravoly Olt (GLVO)hxxxaatbot prdbajats ldepokags tbot prdlgss, bok`hg, ok` aktgrlgpt
ghgltrdkal ldeeukalotadks mrde nkdwakchy `avuhcakc tbg ldktgkts dm tbg
ldeeukalotadks.hxxxaaa
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Pbg \tdrg` Ldeeukalotadks Olt (\LO)hxxxav(marst gkoltg` os port dm tbg
GLVO)hxxxvjors sgrvalg prdva`grs mrde `aslhdsakc olldukt akmdreotadk watbdut o
ldurt dr`gr. Pbg @omtory losghxxxvadmmgrs o rgoh-hamg gxoephg dm o sgrvalg prdva`gr
latakc tbg \LO os rgosdk wby at lduh` kdt `aslhdsg olldukt akmdreotadk. Mdhhdwakc
bgr `oucbtgr \obors `gotb, Okaso @omtory sducbt ollgss td \obors Molgjddn pocg ak
bdpgs dm `asldvgrakc akmdreotadk tbot wduh` ahhueakotg bgr `oucbtgrs host `oys.
Molgjddn `glhakg` td prdva`g ollgss, lhoaeakc tbg \LO opphag` td tbg ldktgkts dm
\obors olldukt ok` kd gxlgptadk uk`gr tbg Olt lduh` ldepgh tbge td `aslhdsg.
Sbgk @omtory ossgrtg` tbot os gxglutdr dm bgr `oucbtgrs gstotg sbg wos
gepdwgrg` td ldksgkt td o rghgosg dm akmdreotadk. Molgjddn stdd` mare, orcuakc
tbot, cavgk tbg kuejgr dm iuras`altadks tbgar usgrs spok, at wduh` jg mor tdd
jur`gksdegtd rgquarg tbge td rgvagw tbg how dm golb iuras`altadk ak dr`gr td
ldkmare tbg gxtgkt dm tbg pdwgrs vgstg` ak o`eakastrotdrs ok` ldkmare am tbgy
aklhu`g` tbg pdwgr td ldksgkt ak sulb o satuotadk.hxxxvaaOlldr`akc td tbg Ldurt, losg
how ldkmares tbot lavah sujpdgkos eoy kdt ldepgh prd`ultadk dm rgldr`s mrde
prdva`grs hang Molgjddnhxxxvaaaos td `d sd wduh` jg ldktrory td tbg \LO.
Ak tbg ojsgklg dm o lhgor eok`otg mrde Ldkcrgss ak tbg mdre dm oegk`egkts
dr gxlgptadks td tbg LMVOO, GLVO, ok` \LO, dr tbg possocg dm okdtbgr olt ohtdcgtbgr,
tbdsg wbd sggn ollgss td `glg`gkts ollduktsorg ot rasn dm rukkakc omduh dm hows
aktgk`g` td prgvgkt lyjgr-lraeg ok` prdtglt pravoly. \ulb ak`ava`uohs wahh bovg o
`ammaluht taeg cgttakc sgrvalg prdva`grs td ossast tbge tbrducb croktakc ollgss.
Ak ok gmmdrt td jrakc sdeg dr`gr td tbas eu``hg` hok`slopg, tbg Wkamdre How
Ldeeassadk (WHL) lrgotg` o Ma`ulaory Ollgss td @acatoh Ossgts (MO@O) Ldeeattgg ak
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:6?: td stu`y ok` `romt pdtgktaoh ukamdre `acatoh ossgt phokkakc hgcashotadk.hxxxaxPbg
WHL stotgs tbot ats purpdsg as td stu`y ok` rgvagw tbg how dm tbg stotgs td `gtgreakg
wbalb orgos dm how sbduh` jg ukamdre. Pbg ldeeassadkgrs prdedtg tbg praklaphg dm
ukamdreaty jy `romtakc ok` prdpdsakc spglamal stotutgs ak orgos dm tbg how wbgrg
ukamdreaty jgtwggk tbg stotgs as `gsarojhg.xlPbg praeory oaes dm tbg MO@O
ldeeattgg org td o``rgss uklgrtoaktags watb rgspglt td ollgssakc o `glg`gkts
`acatoh ossgts ok` olldukts, portaluhorhy ak rghotadk td pdssajhg lraeakoh sokltadks
ok` jrgolbgs dm pravoly hows.
Gorhagr wdrn jy tbg MO@O ldeeattgg bos mdlusg` dk pdssajhg oegk`egkts td
gxastakc hows sulb os tbg Wkamdre Vrdjotg Ld`g jut tbg edst rglgkt wdrnakc `romt os
dm Dltdjgr :6?< prdpdsgs o stok` ohdkg Ma`ulaory Ollgss td @acatoh Ossgts Olt. Pbg
`romt prdpdsgs tbot o pgrsdkoh rgprgsgktotavg dr ldksgrvotdr sbohh jg croktg` tbg
soeg outbdraty dvgr `acatoh prdpgrty os tbg olldukt bdh`gr bo` wbahg ohavg.
Wkhgss prdbajatg` jy tbg wahh dm tbg `glg`gkt, o ldurt, dr how dm tbas
stotg dtbgr tbok tbas ^oltU, o pgrsdkoh rgprgsgktotavg dm tbg `glg`gkteoy djtoak9
(?) tbg `acatoh ossgts dm o `glg`gkt>
(:) rgldr`s dm tbg ghgltrdkal ldeeukalotadks dm tbg `glg`gkt
ldktrdhhg` jy ok ghgltrdkal ldeeukalotadk sgrvalg dr o rgedtg
ldeputakc sgrvalg, aklhu`akc o hdc dm tbg ghgltrdkal o``rgss dm
golb porty watb wbde tbg `glg`gkt ldeeukalotg`> ok`
(
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O``atadkohhy, tbg `romt hokcuocg jgstdws updk o trustgg dr ok ocgkt uk`gr
pdwgr dm ottdrkgy tbg outbdraty td ollgss, eokocg, goltavotg, ok` ghgtg tbg acatoh
ossgts ok` ghgltrdkal ldeeukalotadks.xlaaPbgsg prdvasadks wduh` gksurg tbot o
pgrsdkoh rgprgsgktotavg lduh` stgp aktd tbg sbdgs dm o `glg`gkt watbdut mgor dm
rukkakc omduh dm tbg \LO dr tbg LMOO. Pbg `romt ohsd aklhu`gs prdtgltadks mdr sgrvalg
prdva`grs tbot hddn td hows hang tbg \LO. Olldr`akc td tbg prdpdsg` ukamdre
hgcashotadk, O lustd`aok ok` ats dmmalgrs, gephdyggs, ok` ocgkts org aeeukg mrde
haojahaty mdr oky oltadk `dkg ak ldephaoklg watb tbas ^oltU.xlaaaPbg WHL phoks td bovg
o makoh sgt dm ruhgs ovoahojhg jy :6?0.xlav
O `avgrsg shotg dm stongbdh`grs bovg4 jggk akvatg` td rgvagw ok` ldeegkt dk
tbg Ldeeattggs romts. Omtgr tbg :6?< Okkuoh Eggtakc @romtxlvwos pujhasbg`,
sgvgroh stongbdh`grs prdva`g` ldeegkt. Pbg Oegralok Lavah Hajgrtags Wkadk (OLHW)
gxprgssg` sujstoktaoh pravoly ldklgrks watb cavakc ma`ulaorags kgorhy ukmgttgrg`
ollgss td dkhakg olldukts dr dkhakg ldktgkt ^Ujdtb mdr tbg ak`ava`uoh wbdsg
akmdreotadk as sborg` ok` mdr ak`ava`uohs watb wbde bg dr sbg ldeeukalotg`
dkhakg.xlvaPbg \totg Vravoly ok` \gluraty Ldohatadk wrdtg td tbg Ldeeattgg td
gxprgss ldklgrk watb pdtgktaoh ldkmhalts watb mg`groh how ok` lrgotakc mohsg-
gxpgltotadks mdr olldukt bdh`grs ok` ma`ulaorags watb rgspglt td o ma`ulaorys hgvgh dm
ollgss ok` ldktrdh dvgr ghgltrdkal ldeeukalotadks.xlvaa @aokg ok` Zalbor` Zosb, o
lduphg wbd wos gkag` ollgss td tbgar glgosg` sdks Molgjddn olldukt jglousg dm
pravoly rgosdksxlvaaabovg ohsd wgacbg` ak dk tbg Ldeeattggs `romt. Vrg`altojhy, tbg
Zosb moeahy hastg` gxpg`atg` ollgss td eakdr lbah`rgks olldukts updk prddm dm
`gotb watb o gotb lgrtamalotg oedkc tbgar succgstadks mdr tbg romt.xlax
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Dm ldursg oky mg`groh how, wbgtbgr rgsuhtakc mrde tbg WHL Ldeeattggs wdrn
dr kdt, eust johoklg tbg voradus aktgrgsts akvdhvg` sulb os `glg`gkts pravoly, tbg
pravoly dm tbg pgdphg bg dr sbg ldeeukalotg` watb, aktghhgltuoh prdpgrty racbts, tbg
cragvakc prdlgss mdr survavdrs, ok` tbg orlbavoh aktgrgsts ossdlaotg` watb lgrtoak
`acatoh eotgraohs. Os tbg OLHW gxprgssg` ak rghotadk td tbg gorhagr WHL `romt, ohhdwakc
ollgss tbg dkhakg olldukts dm `glgosg` usgrs lduh` pdsg sackamalokt pravoly assugs.
Bdwgvgr, kdt ohhdwakc ollgss lduh` ohsd egok ldephalotakc tbg `aspdsatadk dm dkgs
ossgts ok` olldukts os wghh os jorrakc wbot eacbt jg o sdurlg dm ldemdrt mdr
survavakc mragk`s ok` moeahy.
ZGLDEEGK@OPADK\ & LDKLHW\ADK
Ldkmusadk surrduk`akc `acatoh ossgt eokocgegkt wduh` hanghy wokg updk tbg
o`dptadk dm ukamdre hows dr pdhalags. Sg wduh` kd hdkcgr jg ot tbg egrly dm
ldepokags voryakc tgres dm sgrvalg. O ukamdre how lduh` wdrn tbg gxastgklg dm
tbg Wkamdre Vrdjotg Ld`g ok` tbg Bgohtb Aksuroklg Vdrtojahaty ok` Ollduktojahaty
Olt (BAVOO) as prddm tbot tbgsg typgs dm hows lok sullgg`. Bdwgvgr, tbg gxastakc
stotg hows ok` tbg WHL `romt jdtb tong o bgovy gstotg how-lgktral stoklg, ossueakc
tbot ak`ava`uohs wahh tong prdoltavg stgps td koeg rgprgsgktotavgs ok` ldeeat tbgar
wasbgs mdr tbg `aspdsatadk dm `acatoh ossgts td o wahh dr saeahor akstruegkt.
Sbahg crgotgr ottgktadk td tbg assug dm `acatoh ossgt eokocgegkt wahh gkldurocg
pgdphg td tong tbg kglgssory egosurgs, bohm dm ohh Oegraloks ohrgo`y holn o wahh dr
saeahor gstotg phokkakc `dluegkt.lPbas rgohaty, ldejakg` watb tbg molt tbot gxastakc
hows vgst pdwgr ak dtbgrs omtgr tbg usgr/dwkgr as ohrgo`y `go` hgovgs hatthg rdde mdr
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