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You are sitting by a lake, you drop a leaf on the lake and notice that it floats on the top of the water, which of the following properties of water could help explain what you observe? A) It is more dense when liquid than when frozen. B) It can dissolve large quantities of solutes. C) It has a high specific heat. QUESTION 1
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You are sitting by a lake, you drop a leaf on the lake and notice that it floats on the top of the

Jan 03, 2016

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QUESTION 1. You are sitting by a lake, you drop a leaf on the lake and notice that it floats on the top of the water, which of the following properties of water could help explain what you observe? A) It is more dense when liquid than when frozen. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

amino acids of proteins

amino acidamino acids

amino acid chain

protein interactionsexample

incorrect protein

proteins able

c vinegar

tertiary structure

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Page 1: You are sitting by a lake, you drop a leaf on the lake and notice that it floats on the top of the

You are sitting by a lake, you drop a leaf on the

lake and notice that it floats on the top of the

water, which of the following properties of water

could help explain what you observe? A) It is more dense when liquid than when

frozen. B) It can dissolve large quantities of solutes. C) It has a high specific heat. D) It has a strong surface tension. E) None of these can explain what you observe.

QUESTION 1

Page 2: You are sitting by a lake, you drop a leaf on the lake and notice that it floats on the top of the

The formation of large, repetitive organic molecules from small monomers is a __________ reaction.

A) dehydration synthesis B) reduction C) dehydrogenation D) hydrolysis

QUESTION 2

Page 3: You are sitting by a lake, you drop a leaf on the lake and notice that it floats on the top of the

Carbon is such an important molecule for life because:

A)it can form chemical bonds with a maximum of four other atoms.

B) it is part of the water molecule. C) it can hydrogen bond to so many molecules. D) it can be bonded ionically. E) it can form isomers.

QUESTION 3

Page 4: You are sitting by a lake, you drop a leaf on the lake and notice that it floats on the top of the

Glycogen is a polysaccharide used for energy storage by:

A)moneraB)fungiC)plantsD)animals

QUESTION 4

Page 5: You are sitting by a lake, you drop a leaf on the lake and notice that it floats on the top of the

QUESTION 5

Which of the following solutions has the greatest concentration of hydrogen ions (H+)?

A) gastric juice at pH 2 B) black coffee at pH 5 C) vinegar at pH 3 D) tomato juice at pH 4 E) household bleach at pH 12

Page 6: You are sitting by a lake, you drop a leaf on the lake and notice that it floats on the top of the

Proteins and Nucleic Acids

KEY WORDS:ProteinPolypeptideAmino AcidEssential Amino AcidDenature1°, 2°, 3°, 4° StructureNucleic AcidNucleotideDNARNA

Page 7: You are sitting by a lake, you drop a leaf on the lake and notice that it floats on the top of the

Types of Proteins

Structural

Enzymes

Hormones

Antibodies

Contractile

Receptor

Transport

Storage

See Table 5.1

Page 8: You are sitting by a lake, you drop a leaf on the lake and notice that it floats on the top of the

ProteinsSubunit = amino acid

1. Amino group 3. Carboxyl group2. R group

Amino acids have three parts:

Page 9: You are sitting by a lake, you drop a leaf on the lake and notice that it floats on the top of the

The 20 amino acids of proteins: nonpolar

Page 10: You are sitting by a lake, you drop a leaf on the lake and notice that it floats on the top of the

The 20 amino acids of proteins: polar and electrically charged

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Linking Amino AcidsDehydration synthesis: forms a covalent bond – A Peptide Bond

Creates a polypeptide

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Making a polypeptide chain

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How are proteins able to do so many things?

20 different kinds amino acids - different R-groups

Non-polar Polar Charged

O-

Page 14: You are sitting by a lake, you drop a leaf on the lake and notice that it floats on the top of the

Carbohydrates: Glucose

Hard to make more than one word

Scrabble Analogy

Proteins: 20 amino acids

• Glutamine

• Isoleucine

• Asparagine

• Serine

• Threonine

• Lysine

• Arginine

G1

G1

G1

G1

G1

G1

G1

G1

G1

G1

G1

G1

E1

E1

I1I1

N1

N1

S1

S1

T1

T1

K5

K5

R1

R1

Page 15: You are sitting by a lake, you drop a leaf on the lake and notice that it floats on the top of the

Proteins Fold into Active ShapeProtein function depends on shape

Four Levels of Structure:

Primary 1°Secondary 2°Tertiary 3°Quaternary 4°

Page 16: You are sitting by a lake, you drop a leaf on the lake and notice that it floats on the top of the

Primary (1°) StructureSequence of amino acids in polypeptide

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The primary structure of a protein

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Secondary (2°) StructureFolds in part of amino acid chain: Hydrogen

bonds

- pleated sheet -helix

Page 19: You are sitting by a lake, you drop a leaf on the lake and notice that it floats on the top of the

Tertiary (3°) Structure3D Packing of Polypeptides: More hydrogen

bonds

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Examples of interactions contributing to the tertiary structure of a protein

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Interactions between 2+ polypeptides

Quaternary (4°) Structure

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The quaternary structure of proteins

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Review: the four levels of protein structure

Page 24: You are sitting by a lake, you drop a leaf on the lake and notice that it floats on the top of the

Conformation of a protein, the enzyme lysozyme

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A chaperonin in action

Page 26: You are sitting by a lake, you drop a leaf on the lake and notice that it floats on the top of the

•Proteins can be unfolded = denatured•Can affect the behavior of the protein

Denatured Proteins

Page 27: You are sitting by a lake, you drop a leaf on the lake and notice that it floats on the top of the

pH

Heat

Chemicals

What can cause proteins to denature?

Page 28: You are sitting by a lake, you drop a leaf on the lake and notice that it floats on the top of the

Shape is critical for protein interactions

EXAMPLE:

Hemoglobin•4 Polypeptides•Binds Iron•Oxygen transport

Page 29: You are sitting by a lake, you drop a leaf on the lake and notice that it floats on the top of the

Protein Folding and DiseaseMany diseases caused by incorrect protein

folding

Mad Cow DiseaseAlzheimersCystic FibrosisParkinson’s DiseaseSickle Cell AnemiaArthritisMarfan SyndromeALS (Lou Gehrig’s Disease)CancerDiabetes Insipidus

Page 30: You are sitting by a lake, you drop a leaf on the lake and notice that it floats on the top of the

A single amino acid substitution in a protein causes sickle-cell disease

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Sickled cells

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Diet: Essential Amino Acids

• 20 different amino acids

• All living things have protein

• 8 Essential Amino Acids can not be synthesized by our bodies - must be found in diet

• All 8 essential amino acids are present in animal protein and soy beans

Page 33: You are sitting by a lake, you drop a leaf on the lake and notice that it floats on the top of the

Essential Amino Acids

Page 34: You are sitting by a lake, you drop a leaf on the lake and notice that it floats on the top of the

Which of the following is contains all 8

essential amino acids?

1. Wheat2. Soy beans 3. Brown rice4. Corn5. None of these

QUESTION

Page 35: You are sitting by a lake, you drop a leaf on the lake and notice that it floats on the top of the

Lipoproteins & Glycoproteins

LIPOPROTEINS-Lipid + Protein-Used for transport of fats throughout the body

-Example: HDL and LDL Cholesterol

GLYCOPROTEINS-Carbohydrate + Protein-Receptors on the surface of cells

Page 36: You are sitting by a lake, you drop a leaf on the lake and notice that it floats on the top of the

QUESTION

The myoglobin protein, which carries oxygen in muscle cells, only has the first three levels of protein structure (it lacks a quaternary level). From this you can conclude that myglobin:

a)Is made of nucleic acidsb)Is made of only one polypeptide chainc)Lacks hydrogen bondsd)Is not helical or pleatede)Is a fiber

Page 37: You are sitting by a lake, you drop a leaf on the lake and notice that it floats on the top of the

• Nucleic acids include RNA and DNA

• Polymers made up of repeating monomers called nucleotides.

NUCLEIC ACIDS

Page 38: You are sitting by a lake, you drop a leaf on the lake and notice that it floats on the top of the

James Watson and Francis Crick

Page 39: You are sitting by a lake, you drop a leaf on the lake and notice that it floats on the top of the

Rosalind Franklin

Page 40: You are sitting by a lake, you drop a leaf on the lake and notice that it floats on the top of the

X-ray crystallography

Page 41: You are sitting by a lake, you drop a leaf on the lake and notice that it floats on the top of the

• 5-Carbon Sugar (Pentose): RNA ribose, DNA deoxyribose

• Phosphate Group

• Nitrogen-containing base

NUCLEOTIDES3 Main Components:

Page 42: You are sitting by a lake, you drop a leaf on the lake and notice that it floats on the top of the

Nucleotides: Important Energy Storage Molecules

• Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP): acts like cell’s battery, providing energy for most activities.

Page 43: You are sitting by a lake, you drop a leaf on the lake and notice that it floats on the top of the

RNA and DNA

SIMILARITIES:• 5-carbon sugar• Phosphate group

DIFFERENCES:• Nucleotides

– DNA: Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Thymine– RNA: Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Uracil

• Sugar– DNA: Deoxyribose– RNA: Ribose

Page 44: You are sitting by a lake, you drop a leaf on the lake and notice that it floats on the top of the

Nucleic Acid Synthesis

• Nucleotides joined by dehydration synthesis

• Covalent bond forms between PHOSPHATE GROUP and SUGAR

Page 45: You are sitting by a lake, you drop a leaf on the lake and notice that it floats on the top of the

Structure of DNA

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The components of nucleic acids

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The DNA double helix and its replication

Page 48: You are sitting by a lake, you drop a leaf on the lake and notice that it floats on the top of the
Page 49: You are sitting by a lake, you drop a leaf on the lake and notice that it floats on the top of the

Polypeptide Sequence as Evidence for Evolutionary Relationships

Page 50: You are sitting by a lake, you drop a leaf on the lake and notice that it floats on the top of the

Nucleotides are to ____ as ____ are to proteins.

• Nucleic acids; amino acids• Amino acids; polypeptides• Glycosidic linkages; polypeptide

linkages• Genes; enzymes• Polymers; polypeptides

Page 51: You are sitting by a lake, you drop a leaf on the lake and notice that it floats on the top of the

The structural level of a protein least affected by a disruption in hydrogen bonding is

• Primary• Secondary• Tertiary• Quaternary• All equally affected

Page 52: You are sitting by a lake, you drop a leaf on the lake and notice that it floats on the top of the

Which of the following is not a protein?

• Hemoglobin• cholesterol• An antibody• An enzyme• Insulin


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