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Attacks on RFID-Based Electronic Voting Systems Yossi Oren and Avishai Wool, http://eprint.iacr.org/2009 ipurl.com/e-voting IEEE RFID’2010, Orlando
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Yossi Oren and Avishai Wool, snipurl.com/e-voting IEEE RFID’2010, Orlando FL.

Dec 19, 2015

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Page 1: Yossi Oren and Avishai Wool,  snipurl.com/e-voting IEEE RFID’2010, Orlando FL.

Attacks on RFID-Based Electronic Voting Systems

Yossi Oren and Avishai Wool,

http://eprint.iacr.org/2009/422snipurl.com/e-voting

IEEE RFID’2010, Orlando FL

Page 2: Yossi Oren and Avishai Wool,  snipurl.com/e-voting IEEE RFID’2010, Orlando FL.

Agenda

What’s the Israeli e-Voting Scheme? How can we break it cheaply and

completely?

Page 3: Yossi Oren and Avishai Wool,  snipurl.com/e-voting IEEE RFID’2010, Orlando FL.

Not on the Agenda

Why the new scheme is legally unsound

Why our (ex-)ministers are all corrupt

The biometric database

Page 4: Yossi Oren and Avishai Wool,  snipurl.com/e-voting IEEE RFID’2010, Orlando FL.

Why do we have elections?

Page 5: Yossi Oren and Avishai Wool,  snipurl.com/e-voting IEEE RFID’2010, Orlando FL.

Elections

What’s a good election scheme? General Free Equal Fair

Page 6: Yossi Oren and Avishai Wool,  snipurl.com/e-voting IEEE RFID’2010, Orlando FL.

Preliminaries

Definition: An election E is an NP election, if…

N P

Conjecture: An election is only secure if it is NP-secure Claim: The Israeli Scheme is NP-insecure

Page 7: Yossi Oren and Avishai Wool,  snipurl.com/e-voting IEEE RFID’2010, Orlando FL.

How Do We Vote Today?

Israel votes by national list proportional representation

Page 8: Yossi Oren and Avishai Wool,  snipurl.com/e-voting IEEE RFID’2010, Orlando FL.

How Do We Vote Today?

Voter

Voting Booth

LocalElections

Committee

Ballot Box

Paper Ballots

Blank Ballots

Blank Ballots

Signed Envelopes

Blank Ballots

Blank Ballots

Cast Votes

List of Authorized

Voters

NP

Page 9: Yossi Oren and Avishai Wool,  snipurl.com/e-voting IEEE RFID’2010, Orlando FL.

Voter

Voting Booth

LocalElections

Committee

Ballot Box

Paper Ballots

Blank Ballots

Blank Ballots

Signed Envelopes

Blank Ballots

Blank Ballots

Cast Votes

List of Authorized

Voters

N

How Do We Vote Today?

NP

Page 10: Yossi Oren and Avishai Wool,  snipurl.com/e-voting IEEE RFID’2010, Orlando FL.

Voter

Voting Booth

LocalElections

Committee

Ballot Box

Paper Ballots

Blank Ballots

Blank Ballots

Signed Envelopes

Blank Ballots

Blank Ballots

Cast Votes

List of Authorized

Voters

How Do We Vote Today?

NP

•72.1% participation rate•Less than 1.3% disqualified votes

(including protest “blank ballot” votes)•99% final results 6 hours after poll closes

Public Trust

Page 11: Yossi Oren and Avishai Wool,  snipurl.com/e-voting IEEE RFID’2010, Orlando FL.

How Will We Vote Tomorrow?

Voter

Voting Booth

LocalElections

Committee

Ballot BoxVoting and Counting Terminal

Verification Terminal

Blank Ballots

Blank Ballots

Blank Ballots

Blank Ballots

Blank Ballots

Cast Votes

Population Register Terminal

Page 12: Yossi Oren and Avishai Wool,  snipurl.com/e-voting IEEE RFID’2010, Orlando FL.

Tomorrow’s Ballot

Page 13: Yossi Oren and Avishai Wool,  snipurl.com/e-voting IEEE RFID’2010, Orlando FL.

How Will We Vote Tomorrow?

Voter

Voting Booth

LocalElections

Committee

Ballot BoxVoting and Counting Terminal

Verification Terminal

Blank Ballots

Blank Ballots

Blank Ballots

Blank Ballots

Blank Ballots

Cast Votes

Population Register Terminal

Page 14: Yossi Oren and Avishai Wool,  snipurl.com/e-voting IEEE RFID’2010, Orlando FL.

How Will We Vote Tomorrow?

Voter

Voting Booth

LocalElections

Committee

Ballot BoxVoting and Counting Terminal

Verification Terminal

Blank Ballots

Blank Ballots

Blank Ballots

Blank Ballots

Blank Ballots

Cast Votes

Population Register Terminal

Page 15: Yossi Oren and Avishai Wool,  snipurl.com/e-voting IEEE RFID’2010, Orlando FL.

How Will We Vote Tomorrow?

Voter

Voting Booth

LocalElections

Committee

Ballot BoxVoting and Counting Terminal

Verification Terminal

Blank Ballots

Blank Ballots

Blank Ballots

Blank Ballots

Blank Ballots

Cast Votes

Population Register Terminal

N PN

Page 16: Yossi Oren and Avishai Wool,  snipurl.com/e-voting IEEE RFID’2010, Orlando FL.

How Will We Vote Tomorrow?

Voter

Voting Booth

LocalElections

Committee

Ballot BoxVoting and Counting Terminal

Verification Terminal

Blank Ballots

Blank Ballots

Blank Ballots

Blank Ballots

Blank Ballots

Cast Votes

Population Register Terminal

N PN

Page 17: Yossi Oren and Avishai Wool,  snipurl.com/e-voting IEEE RFID’2010, Orlando FL.

Attacks on the Voting System

Relay Attacks Ballot Sniffing Single Dissident Ballot Stuffing

Non-Relay Attacks Zapper Remote Jamming Implementation Attacks

Relay Attacks Ballot Sniffing Single Dissident Ballot Stuffing

Non-Relay Attacks Zapper Remote Jamming Implementation Attacks

Page 18: Yossi Oren and Avishai Wool,  snipurl.com/e-voting IEEE RFID’2010, Orlando FL.

Relay Attacks

5 cm

HF RFID Reader HF RFID Tag

L

G

HF RFID Tag

Page 19: Yossi Oren and Avishai Wool,  snipurl.com/e-voting IEEE RFID’2010, Orlando FL.

The Ballot Sniffing Attack

Voting Booth

LocalElections

Committee

Ballot BoxVoting and Counting Terminal

Verification Terminal

Blank Ballots

Blank Ballots

Blank Ballots

P N

N

N

PP

N

N

N PN

P N

N

N

PP

N

N

Page 20: Yossi Oren and Avishai Wool,  snipurl.com/e-voting IEEE RFID’2010, Orlando FL.

The Ballot Stuffing Attack

Voting Booth

LocalElections

Committee

Ballot BoxVoting and Counting Terminal

Verification Terminal

Blank Ballots

Blank Ballots

Blank Ballots

P N

N

N

PP

N

N

N P

P

P

P

N

P

P

P

Page 21: Yossi Oren and Avishai Wool,  snipurl.com/e-voting IEEE RFID’2010, Orlando FL.

The Zapper Attack

Voting Booth

LocalElections

Committee

Ballot BoxVoting and Counting Terminal

Verification Terminal

Blank Ballots

Blank Ballots

Blank Ballots

P

PP

P

P

P

P

P

Zap!

Zap!

Page 22: Yossi Oren and Avishai Wool,  snipurl.com/e-voting IEEE RFID’2010, Orlando FL.

The Government’s Response…

Page 24: Yossi Oren and Avishai Wool,  snipurl.com/e-voting IEEE RFID’2010, Orlando FL.

Implementation Attacks

Session Hijacking Replay Attacks Semantic Insecurity …

Page 25: Yossi Oren and Avishai Wool,  snipurl.com/e-voting IEEE RFID’2010, Orlando FL.

Conclusion

Is the new e-voting scheme a good scheme? General Free Equal Fair

Is the new e-voting scheme a good scheme? General Free Equal Fair

Page 26: Yossi Oren and Avishai Wool,  snipurl.com/e-voting IEEE RFID’2010, Orlando FL.

Thank You!

If it ain’t broke, don’t fix

it!

http://eprint.iacr.org/2009/422snipurl.com/e-voting