7/18/2019 Yoga Sutras of Patanjali http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/yoga-sutras-of-patanjali-569233ff89027 1/45 Yoga Sutras of Patanjali – Swami Jnaneshvara Bharati Page 1 of 63 04 Yoga Sutras of Patanjali Interpretive ranslation Presente! "# Swami Jnaneshvara Bharati www$SwamiJ$%om Yoga Sutras of Patanjali – Swami Jnaneshvara Bharati Page & of 63 04 Yoga Sutras of Patanjali Interpretive Translation Presente! "# Swami Jnaneshvara Bharati www$SwamiJ$%om he Yoga Sutras of Patanjali su%%in%tl# outlines the art an! s%ien%e of Yoga me!itation for Self'(eali)ation$ It is a pro%ess of s#stemati%all# en%ountering* e+amining* an! trans%en!ing ea%h of the various gross an! su"tle levels of false i!entit# in the min! fiel!* until the jewel of the true Self %omes shining through$ his is an interpretive translation of the Yoga Sutra* e+pan!ing the num"er of ,nglish wor!s* so as to allow the pra%ti%al instru%tions to "e %learer$ -or e+ample* sutra 1$& !efines Yoga with some &. ,nglish wor!s* rather than onl# 4 Sans/rit wor!s$ he pra%ti%es of the Yoga Sutras are e+tremel# pra%ti%al* though it %an seem uite %ompli%ate! when tr#ing to sort through the language$ B# provi!ing e+pan!e!* interpretive translations* the pra%ti%al meaning of the suggestions more easil# %omes through$ he in!ivi!ual transliterate! Sans/rit wor!s also have a large num"er of ,nglish translations* so as to give a more thorough un!erstan!ing$ ommentaries on the Sutras are on www$SwamiJ$%om* as well as other learning ai!s$ hese in%lu!e an e+tensive Intro!u%tion* a 2ain page presenting a visual outline an! summar# of the entire Yoga Sutra* an! a list of (emin!er uestions* whi%h serve as a self'stu!# gui!e$ hen Patanjali %o!ifie!* or %ompile! the Yoga Sutras* it was not that a new s#stem was %reate!* "ut rather* the an%ient pra%ti%es were summari)e! in an e+tremel# organi)e! an! terse wa#$ hile the Yoga Sutras are thought to "e as ol! as 400 B,* ar%haeologi%al evi!en%e an! other te+ts suggest that the metho!s !es%ri"e! in the Yoga Sutras were "eing pra%ti%e! as earl# as 3000 B,$ 5ral tra!ition states that the perio! ma# "e even longer$ Yoga means union of the parts of ourselves* whi%h were never !ivi!e! in the first pla%e$ Yoga literall# means to #o/e* from the root #uj* whi%h means to join it is the same as the a"sorption in the state of sama!hi$ Sutra means threa!* an! this threa!* or multiple threa!s weave a tapestr# of insight an! !ire%t e+perien%e$ Swami (ama e+plains* 7here have "een man# s%holarl# %ommentaries on the Yoga Sutras* "ut all the %ommentaries miss something ver# pra%ti%al$ Su%h %ommentaries %an onl# satisf# the intelle%t* "ut !o not a%tuall# help #ou "e#on! that8 9#ogash %hitta vritti naro!ha9''#oga is the %ontrol of the 9mo!ifi%ations9 of the min!$ :aro!ha means %ontrol there is no other ,nglish wor! for it$ ontrol !oesn9t mean suppression* "ut %hanneling or regulating$7 In the tra!ition of the ;imala#an masters* Yoga* <e!anta* an! antra %omplement one another* lea!ing one s#stemati%all# along the path to Self'reali)ation$ he aspirant %lears the min! through the pra%ti%e of Yoga me!itation as %o!ifie! in the Yoga Sutras of Patanjali* !oes self'enuir# of <e!anta* an! then "rea/s through the final "arrier with antra* e+perien%ing the heights of /un!alini awa/ening$ Yoga Sutras of Patanjali – Swami Jnaneshvara Bharati Page 3 of 63
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Yoga Sutras of Patanjali – Swami Jnaneshvara BharatiPage 1 of 6304
Yoga Sutras of Patanjali
Interpretive ranslationPresente! "#Swami Jnaneshvara Bharatiwww$SwamiJ$%omYoga Sutras of Patanjali – Swami Jnaneshvara BharatiPage & of 6304
Yoga Sutras of Patanjali Interpretive TranslationPresente! "#
Swami Jnaneshvara Bharatiwww$SwamiJ$%om
he Yoga Sutras of Patanjali su%%in%tl# outlines the art an! s%ien%e of Yoga me!itationfor Self'(eali)ation$ It is a pro%ess of s#stemati%all# en%ountering* e+amining* an!trans%en!ing ea%h of the various gross an! su"tle levels of false i!entit# in the min!fiel!* until the jewel of the true Self %omes shining through$his is an interpretive translation of the Yoga Sutra* e+pan!ing the num"er of ,nglishwor!s* so as to allow the pra%ti%al instru%tions to "e %learer$ -or e+ample* sutra 1$&
!efines Yoga with some &. ,nglish wor!s* rather than onl# 4 Sans/rit wor!s$ hepra%ti%es of the Yoga Sutras are e+tremel# pra%ti%al* though it %an seem uite
%ompli%ate! when tr#ing to sort through the language$ B# provi!ing e+pan!e!*interpretive translations* the pra%ti%al meaning of the suggestions more easil# %omes
through$ he in!ivi!ual transliterate! Sans/rit wor!s also have a large num"er of ,nglish translations* so as to give a more thorough un!erstan!ing$
ommentaries on the Sutras are on www$SwamiJ$%om* as well as other learning ai!s$hese in%lu!e an e+tensive Intro!u%tion* a 2ain page presenting a visual outline an!summar# of the entire Yoga Sutra* an! a list of (emin!er uestions* whi%h serve as aself'stu!# gui!e$hen Patanjali %o!ifie!* or %ompile! the Yoga Sutras* it was not that a new s#stemwas %reate!* "ut rather* the an%ient pra%ti%es were summari)e! in an e+tremel#
organi)e! an! terse wa#$ hile the Yoga Sutras are thought to "e as ol! as 400 B,*ar%haeologi%al evi!en%e an! other te+ts suggest that the metho!s !es%ri"e! in the
Yoga Sutras were "eing pra%ti%e! as earl# as 3000 B,$ 5ral tra!ition states that theperio! ma# "e even longer$Yoga means union of the parts of ourselves* whi%h were never !ivi!e! in the firstpla%e$ Yoga literall# means to #o/e* from the root #uj* whi%h means to join it is the
same as the a"sorption in the state of sama!hi$ Sutra means threa!* an! this threa!*or multiple threa!s weave a tapestr# of insight an! !ire%t e+perien%e$Swami (ama e+plains* 7here have "een man# s%holarl# %ommentaries on the YogaSutras* "ut all the %ommentaries miss something ver# pra%ti%al$ Su%h %ommentaries
%an onl# satisf# the intelle%t* "ut !o not a%tuall# help #ou "e#on! that8 9#ogash %hittavritti naro!ha9''#oga is the %ontrol of the 9mo!ifi%ations9 of the min!$ :aro!ha means
%ontrol there is no other ,nglish wor! for it$ ontrol !oesn9t mean suppression* "ut%hanneling or regulating$7In the tra!ition of the ;imala#an masters* Yoga* <e!anta* an! antra %omplement oneanother* lea!ing one s#stemati%all# along the path to Self'reali)ation$ he aspirant%lears the min! through the pra%ti%e of Yoga me!itation as %o!ifie! in the Yoga Sutrasof Patanjali* !oes self'enuir# of <e!anta* an! then "rea/s through the final "arrier
with antra* e+perien%ing the heights of /un!alini awa/ening$Yoga Sutras of Patanjali – Swami Jnaneshvara Bharati
Table of Contents of Yoga SutrasChapter 1: Concentration (Samadhi Pada) ............................................................................ 4
What is Yoga? (1.1-1.4) .................................................................................................... 4
Un-coloring yor thoghts (1.!-1.11)................................................................................ !
Practice and non-attachment (1.1"-1.1#)........................................................................... $%ypes o& concentration (1.1$-1.1') ................................................................................... '
&&orts and commitment (1.1-1."") .................................................................................
Contemplation on *U+ or ,+ (1."-1.") ................................................................... 1
,/stacles and soltions (1.-1.") ................................................................................ 1"
Sta/ili0ing and clearing the mind (1.-1.) ................................................................. 1
*&ter sta/ili0ing the mind (1.4-1.!1) ............................................................................. 1!
Anas and li/eration or aialya (4."-4.4) ................................................................. #Yoga Sutras of Patanjali – Swami Jnaneshvara BharatiPage 4 of 6304
Chapter 1: Concentration (Samadhi Pada)What is Yoga? (1.11.!)1$1 :ow* after having !one prior preparation through life an! other pra%ti%es* the
Shas implies the imparting of tea%hing that happens along with !is%ipline1$& Yoga is the %ontrol =niro!hah* regulation* %hanneling* master#* integration*%oor!ination* stilling* uieting* setting asi!e> of the mo!ifi%ations =gross an! su"tlethought patterns> of the min! fiel!$=#ogash %hitta vritti niro!hah>
#oga ? of #oga* union literall#* to #o/e* from the root yuj * whi%h means to
join same as the a"sorption in sama!hi
%hitta ? of the %ons%iousness of the min!'fiel!
vritti ? operations* a%tivities* flu%tuations* mo!ifi%ations* %hanges* or various
un!erstan!ing* stilling* uieting* setting asi!e of
1$3 hen the Seer a"i!es in Itself* resting in its own rue :ature* whi%h is %alle!Selfreali)ation$
=ta!a !rashtuh svarupe avasthanam> ta!a ? then* at that time at the time of %on%entration an! me!itation
!rashtuh ? the seer9s* of the soul* witness* @tman* Self from the root drsh*
whi%h means to see =It is signifi%ant to note that Patanjali is not tr#ing to
!efine who is the seer* or the nature of that seer$ his is left to "e answere! orresolve! in !ire%t e+perien%e$>
svarupe ? in its own nature* own form or essen%e =sva ? own rupa ? form>
avasthanam ? sta"ilit#* settling* remaining* "eing in a state* resting* stan!ing*
l#ing* a"i!ing the root stha means to stand Yoga Sutras of Patanjali – Swami Jnaneshvara BharatiPage . of 6304
1$4 @t other times* when one is not in Self'reali)ation* the Seer appears to ta/e on theform of the mo!ifi%ations of the min! fiel!* ta/ing on the i!entit# of those thought
patterns$=vritti sarup#am itaratra>
vritti ? of the operations* a%tivities* flu%tuations* mo!ifi%ations* %hanges* or
various forms =of the min!'fiel!>
sarup#am ? similarit#* assimilation* appearan%e of* i!entifi%ation of form ornature* %onformit# with the shape of the root sa means with* an! rupa meansform
itaratra ? elsewhere* at other times* when not in that state of reali)ation a"ove
"ncoloring #our thoughts (1.$1.11)1$. hose gross an! su"tle thought patterns =vrittis> fall into five varieties* of whi%hsome are %olore! =/lishta> an! others are un%olore! =a/lishta>$
=vritta#ah pan%ata#ah /lishta a/lishta>
vritta#ah ? the vrittis are
pan%ata#ah ? five fol! =an! of two /in!s> panch means five
/lishta ? %olore!* painful* affli%te!* impure the root klish means to cause
trouble =klesha is the noun form of the a!je%tive klishta>
a/lishta ? un%olore!* not painful* not affli%te!* pure not im"ue! with /leshas
the root a- means without or in the absence of hen%e* without the %oloring
%alle! /lishta1$6 he five varieties of thought patterns to witness are8 1> /nowing %orre%tl#=pramana>* &> in%orre%t /nowing =vipar#a#a>* 3> fantas# or imagination =vi/alpa>* 4>the o"je%t of voi!'ness that is !eep sleep =ni!ra>* an! .> re%olle%tion or memor#=smriti>$=pramana vipar#a#a vi/alpa ni!ra smrita#ah>
pramana ? real or vali! %ognition* right /nowle!ge* vali! proof* seeing %learl# vipar#a#ah ? unreal %ognition* in!is%rimination* perverse %ognition* wrong
/nowle!ge* mis%on%eption* in%orre%t /nowing* not seeing %learl#
vi/alpah ? imagination* ver"al mis%on%eption or !elusion* fantas#*
hallu%ination
ni!ra ? !eep sleep
smrita#ah ? memor#* remem"ering
1$A 5f these five* there are three wa#s of gaining %orre%t /nowle!ge =pramana>8 1>per%eption* &> inferen%e* an! 3> testimon# or ver"al %ommuni%ation from others whohave /nowle!ge$=prat#a/sha anumana agamah pramanani>
pramanani ? vali! means of /nowing* proofs* sour%es of %orre%t /nowingYoga Sutras of Patanjali – Swami Jnaneshvara BharatiPage 6 of 6304
1$ In%orre%t /nowle!ge or illusion =vipar#a#a> is false /nowle!ge forme! "#per%eiving a thing as "eing other than what it reall# is$=vipar#a#ah mith#a jnanam ata! rupa pratistham>
1$C -antas# or imagination =vi/alpa> is a thought pattern that has ver"al e+pressionan! /nowle!ge* "ut for whi%h there is no su%h o"je%t or realit# in e+isten%e$=sha"!a jnana anupati vastu shun#ah vi/alpah>
1$10 Dreamless sleep =ni!ra> is the su"tle thought pattern whi%h has as its o"je%t aninertia* "lan/ness* a"sen%e* or negation of the other though patterns =vrittis>$=a"hava prat#a#a alam"ana vritti ni!ra>
1$11 (e%olle%tion or memor# =smriti> is mental mo!ifi%ation %ause! "# the inner
repro!u%ing of a previous impression of an o"je%t* "ut without a!!ing an# other%hara%teristi%s from other sour%es$=anu"huta visha#a asampramoshah smritih>
anu"huta ? e+perien%e!
visha#a ? o"je%ts of e+perien%e* impressions
asampramoshah ? not "eing stolen* not "eing lost* not having a!!ition
smritih ? memor#* remem"eringYoga Sutras of Patanjali – Swami Jnaneshvara BharatiPage A of 6304
Practice and nonattachment (1.1%1.1&)1$1& hese thought patterns =vrittis> are mastere! =niro!hah* regulate!* %oor!inate!*%ontrolle!* stille!* uiete!> through pra%ti%e =a"h#asa> an! non'atta%hment
=vairag#a>$=a"h#asa vairag#a"h#am tat niro!hah>
a"h#asa ? "# or with pra%ti%e* repeate! pra%ti%e
vairag#a"h#am ? non'atta%hment* "# !esirelessness or !ispassion* neutralit#or a"sen%e of %oloring* without attra%tion or aversion
? firm "humih ? groun!>Yoga Sutras of Patanjali – Swami Jnaneshvara BharatiPage of 6304
1$1. hen the min! loses !esire even for o"je%ts seen or !es%ri"e! in a tra!ition or ins%riptures* it a%uires a state of utter =vashi/ara> !esirelessness that is %alle!nonatta%hment
vairag#am ? non'atta%hment* !esirelessness* !ispassion* neutralit# or a"sen%e
of %oloring* without attra%tion or aversion1$16 In!ifferen%e to the su"tlest elements* %onstituent prin%iples* or ualities
themselves =gunas>* a%hieve! through a /nowle!ge of the nature of pure%ons%iousness =purusha>* is %alle! supreme non'atta%hment =paravairag#a>$=tat param purusha /h#ateh guna vaitrshn#am>
tat ? that
param ? is higher* superior* supreme* trans%en!ent
purusha ? pure %ons%iousness* Self
/h#ateh ? through /nowle!ge* vision* !is%ernment
guna ? elements* prime ualities* %onstituents* attri"utes =three gunas of
sattvas* rajas* tamas> vaitrshn#am ? state of free!om from !esire or %raving =for the gunas>
T#pes of concentration (1.1'1.1)1$1A he !eep a"sorption of attention on an o"je%t is of four /in!s* 1> gross =vitar/a>*&> su"tle =vi%hara>* 3> "liss a%%ompanie! =anan!a>* an! 4> with I'ness =asmita>* an!
is %alle! samprajnata sama!hi$=vitar/a vi%hara anan!a asmita rupa anugamat samprajnatah>
vitar/a ? gross thought or reasoning
vi%hara ? su"tle thought
anan!a ? "liss* e%stas#
asmita ? I'ness* in!ivi!ualit#
rupa ? appearan%es* nature* form
anugamat ? a%%ompanie! "#* asso%iate! with
samprajnatah ? %ognitive a"sorption* lower sama!hiYoga Sutras of Patanjali – Swami Jnaneshvara BharatiPage C of 6304
1$1 he other /in! of sama!hi is asamprajnata sama!hi* an! has no o"je%t in whi%hattention is a"sor"e!* wherein onl# latent impressions remain attainment of this stateis pre%e!e! "# the %onstant pra%ti%e of allowing all of the gross an! su"tle flu%tuationsof min! to re%e!e "a%/ into the fiel! from whi%h the# arose$=virama prat#a#a a"h#asa purvah sams/ara shesha an#ah>
virama ? %essation* stopping* re%e!ing
prat#a#a ? %ause* %ognitive prin%iple* %ontent of min!* %ognition
a"h#asa ? pra%ti%e
purvah ? pre%e!ing* %oming "efore
sams/ara ? !eep impressions* imprints in the un%ons%ious* !eepest ha"its*
su"liminal a%tivators* tra%es
shesha ? resi!ual* su"liminal
an#ah ? the other =the other sama!hi>
fforts and commitment (1.1*1.%%)1$1C Some who have attaine! higher levels =vi!ehas> or /now unmanifest nature
=pra/ritila#as>* are !rawn into "irth in this worl! "# their remaining latent impressionsof ignoran%e* an! more naturall# %ome to these states of sama!hi$
="hava prat#a#ah vi!eha pra/riti la#anam>
"hava ? o"je%tive e+isten%e* "e%oming
prat#a#ah ? %ause* %ognitive prin%iple* %ontent of min!* %ognition
vi!eha ? "o!iless* !isem"o!ie!
pra/riti ? %reative %ause* su"tlest material %ause* nature
la#anam ? !issolve!* merge! into
1$&0 5thers follow a five'fol! s#stemati% path of 1> faithful %ertaint# in the path* &>
!ire%ting energ# towar!s the pra%ti%es* 3> repeate! memor# of the path an! thepro%ess of stilling the min!* 4> training in !eep %on%entration* an! .> the pursuit of
itaresham ? of other peopleYoga Sutras of Patanjali – Swami Jnaneshvara Bharati
Page 10 of 6304
1$&1 hose who pursue their pra%ti%es with intensit# of feeling* vigor* an! firm%onvi%tion a%hieve %on%entration an! the fruits thereof more ui%/l#* %ompare! to
those of me!ium or lesser intensit#$=tivra samvega asannah>
1$&& -or those with intense pra%ti%es an! intense %onvi%tion =1$&1>* there are three
more su"!ivisions of pra%ti%e* those of mil! intensit#* me!ium intensit#* an! intenseintensit#$
=mri!u ma!h#a a!himatra tatah api visheshah mri!u ? mil!* slow
ma!h#a ? me!ium* mi!!ling
a!himatra ? intense* strong
tatah ? from that
api ? also
visheshah ? !ifferentiation* !istin%tion
Contemplation on +", or -, (1.%1.%*)1$&3 -rom a spe%ial pro%ess of !evotion an! letting go into the %reative sour%e fromwhi%h we emerge! =ishvara prani!hana>* the %oming of sama!hi is imminent$=ishvara prani!hana va>
ishvara ? %reative sour%e* pure %ons%iousness* purusha* Eo!* supreme Euru or
tea%her prani!hana ? pra%ti%ing the presen%e* sin%erit#* !e!i%ation* !evotion*
surren!er of fruits of pra%ti%e va ? or
1$&4 hat %reative sour%e =ishvara> is a parti%ular %ons%iousness =purusha> that isunaffe%te! "# %olorings =/leshas>* a%tions =/armas>* or results of those a%tions thathappen when latent impressions stir an! %ause those a%tions$
=/lesha /arma vipa/a asha#aih aparamristah purusha'vishesha ishvara /lesha ? %olore!* painful* affli%te!* impure the root klish means to cause
trouble
/arma ? a%tions*
vipa/a ? fruits of* maturing* ripening
asha#aih ? "# the vehi%les* resting pla%e* storage of tra%es* propensities*
a%%umulations
aparamristah ? untou%he!* unsmeare!
purusha'vishesha ? a %ons%iousness* a spe%ial or !istin%t purusha =purusha ?
a %ons%iousness vishesha ? spe%ial* !istin%t>
ishvara ? %reative sour%e* Eo!* supreme Euru or tea%herYoga Sutras of Patanjali – Swami Jnaneshvara Bharati
Page 11 of 6304
1$&. In that pure %ons%iousness =ishvara> the see! of omnis%ien%e has rea%he! its
%ha ? an!* alsoYoga Sutras of Patanjali – Swami Jnaneshvara BharatiPage 1& of 63
04
-bstacles and solutions (1./1.%)1$30 :ine /in!s of !istra%tions %ome that are o"sta%les naturall# en%ountere! on thepath* an! are ph#si%al illness* ten!en%# of the min! to not wor/ effi%ientl#* !ou"t or
in!e%ision* la%/ of attention to pursuing the means of sama!hi* la)iness in min! an!"o!#* failure to regulate the !esire for worl!l# o"je%ts* in%orre%t assumptions orthin/ing* failing to attain stages of the pra%ti%e* an! insta"ilit# in maintaining a level of pra%ti%e on%e attaine!$=v#a!hi st#ana samsha#a prama!a alas#a avirati "hranti'!arshana ala"!ha"humi/atvaanavasthitatva %hitta vi/shepa te antara#ah>
avirati ? sensualit#* want of non'atta%hment* non'a"stention* %raving
"hranti'!arshana ? false views or per%eption* %onfusion of philosophies
="hranti ? false !arshana ? views* per%eption>
ala"!ha'"humi/atva ? failing to attain stages of pra%ti%e =ala"!ha ? not
o"taining "humi/atva ? stage* state* firm groun!>
anavasthitatva ? insta"ilit#* slipping !own* ina"ilit# to maintain
%hitta'vi/shepa ? !istra%tions of the min! =%hitta ? min! fiel! vi/shepa ?
!istra%tions* !iversions> te ? the# are* these are
antara#ah ? o"sta%les* impe!iments
1$31 -rom these o"sta%les* there are four other %onseuen%es that also arise* an!
these are8 1> mental or ph#si%al pain* &> sa!ness or !eje%tion* 3> restlessness*sha/iness* or an+iet#* an! 4> irregularities in the e+halation an! inhalation of "reath$
1$3& o prevent or !eal with these nine o"sta%les an! their four %onseuen%es* there%ommen!ation is to ma/e the min! one'pointe!* training it how to fo%us on a singleprin%iple or o"je%t$=tat pratise!ha artham e/a tattva a"h#asah>
Stabili0ing and clearing the mind (1.1.*)1$33 In relationships* the min! "e%omes purifie! "# %ultivating feelings of frien!liness
towar!s those who are happ#* %ompassion for those who are suffering* goo!willtowar!s those who are virtuous* an! in!ifferen%e or neutralit# towar!s those we
per%eive as wi%/e! or evil$=maitri /aruna mu!ita upe/shanam su/ha !uh/a pun#a apun#a visha#anam"havanatah %hitta prasa!anam>
alam"anam ? having as support for attention* o"je%t of %on%entration
va ? or =or other pra%ti%es in 1$34'1$3C>Yoga Sutras of Patanjali – Swami Jnaneshvara BharatiPage 1. of 6304
1$3C 5r "# %ontemplating or %on%entrating on whatever o"je%t or prin%iple one ma#li/e* or towar!s whi%h one has a pre!isposition* the min! "e%omes sta"le an! tranuil$=#atha a"himata !h#anat va>
#atha ? as* a%%or!ing to
a"himata ? one9s own pre!isposition* %hoi%e* !esire* want* li/e* familiarit#*
va ? or =or other pra%ti%es a"ove in sutras 1$34'1$3C>
+fter stabili0ing the mind (1.!/1.$1)1$40 hen* through su%h pra%ti%es =as previousl# !es%ri"e! in 1$33'1$3C>* the min!!evelops the power of "e%oming sta"le on the smallest si)e o"je%t as well as on thelargest* then the min! trul# %omes un!er %ontrol$
=parma'anu parama'mahattva antah as#a vashi/arah> parma'anu? from the minutest =parma ? most anu ? minutest* smallest>
1$41 hen the mo!ifi%ations of min! have "e%ome wea/ene!* the min! "e%omes li/e
a transparent %r#stal* an! thus %an easil# ta/e on the ualities of whatever o"je%to"serve!* whether that o"je%t "e the o"server* the means of o"serving* or an o"je%t
o"serve!* in a pro%ess of engrossment %alle! samapattih$=/shinna'vritti a"hijatas#a iva maneh grahitri grahana grah#eshu tat'stha tat'anjanata
samapattih>
/shinna'vritti ? with mo!ifi%ations of min! wea/ene! =/shinna ? wea/ene!
vritti ? mo!ifi%ations of min!>
a"hijatas#a ? transparent* purifie!
iva ? li/e
maneh ? of a %r#stal
grahitri ? the /nower* apprehen!er* o"server
grahana ? pro%ess of /nowing or apprehen!ing* instrument of /nowing
grah#eshu ? the /nowa"le* /nowle!ge* apprehen!e! o"je%ts
tat'stha ? remaining in it* "eing sta"le on them* on whi%h it sta#s or rests
tat'anjanata ? ta/ing on the %oloring of that* %oales%ing with* appearing tota/e the shape of the o"je%t
samapattih ? engrossment* %oin%i!en%e* %omplete a"sorption* transmute into
li/eness* total "alan%eYoga Sutras of Patanjali – Swami Jnaneshvara BharatiPage 16 of 6304
1$4& 5ne t#pe of su%h an engrossment =samapattih> is one in whi%h there is a mi+tureof three things* a wor! or name going with the o"je%t* the meaning or i!entit# of thato"je%t* an! the /nowle!ge asso%iate! with that o"je%t this engrossment is /nown as
tatra ? there* among these* in that sha"!a ? soun!* wor!
artha ? meaning
jnana ? /nowle!ge* i!ea
vi/alpah ? with options
san/irna ? mi+e! with* %ommingle!* intersperse!
savitar/a ? a%%ompanie! with gross thoughts =sa ? with vitar/a ? gross
thoughts>
samapattih ? engrossment* %oin%i!en%e* %omplete a"sorption* transmute into
li/eness1$43 hen the memor# or storehouse of mo!ifi%ations of min! is purifie!* then themin! appears to "e !evoi! of its own nature an! onl# the o"je%t on whi%h it is
%ontemplating appears to shine forwar! this t#pe of engrossment is /nown asnirvitar/a samapattih$
nirvi%hara ? !evoi! of su"tle thoughts =nir ? without vi%hara ? su"tle
thoughts> %ha ? an!
su/shma'visha#a ? having su"tle for their o"je%ts =su/shma ? su"tle visha#a
? o"je%ts>
v#a/h#ata ? are e+plaine!* !es%ri"e!* !efine!Yoga Sutras of Patanjali – Swami Jnaneshvara Bharati
Page 1A of 6304
1$4. ;aving su%h su"tle o"je%ts e+ten!s all the wa# up to unmanifest pra/riti$=su/shma visha#atvam %ha alinga par#avasanam>
su/shma ? su"tle
visha#atvam ? of having as o"je%ts
%ha ? an!
alinga ? without a mar/ or tra%e* unmanifest pra/riti =su"tlest matter>
par#avasanam ? e+ten!ing up to* en!ing at
1$46 hese four varieties of engrossment are the onl# /in!s of %on%entrations=sama!hi> whi%h are o"je%tive* an! have a see! of an o"je%t$=tah eva sa"ijah sama!hih>
tah ? these* those* the#
eva ? onl#
sa"ijah ? with see!* see!e!
sama!hih ? !eep a"sorption of me!itation* entas#
1$4A @s one gains profi%ien%# in the un!istur"e! flow in nirvi%hara* a purit# an!
luminosit# of the inner instrument of min! is !evelope!$=nirvi%hara vaishara!#e a!h#atma prasa!ah>
nirvi%hara ? !evoi! of su"tle thoughts =nir ? without vi%hara ? su"tle
thoughts>
vaishara!#e ? with un!istur"e! flow*
a!h#atma ? spiritual* regar!ing the atman or true Self
testimon# or through inferen%e* "e%ause it relates !ire%tl# to the spe%ifi%s of theo"je%t* rather than to those wor!s or other %on%epts$=shruta anumana prajna"h#am an#a'visha#a vishesha'arthatvat>
shruta ? testimon#* hear!* learne!* from tra!ition
vishesha'arthatvat ? relating to parti%ular o"je%ts* purpose* or signifi%an%eYoga Sutras of Patanjali – Swami Jnaneshvara BharatiPage 1 of 6304
1$.0 his t#pe of /nowle!ge that is fille! with truth %reates latent impressions in themin!'fiel!* an! those new impressions ten! to re!u%e the formation of other less
useful forms of ha"itual latent impressions$=tajjah sams/arah an#a sams/ara pari"an!hi>
asi!e of> nir"ijah ? without a see!* see!less =nir ? without "ijah ? see!>
sama!hih ? !eep a"sorption of me!itation* entas#Yoga Sutras of Patanjali – Swami Jnaneshvara Bharati
Page 1C of 6304
Chapter %: Practices (Sadhana Pada),inimi0ing gross colorings that eil the Self (%.1%.*)&$1 Yoga in the form of a%tion =/ri#a #oga> has three parts8 1> training an! purif#ingthe senses =tapas>* &> self'stu!# in the %onte+t of tea%hings =sva!h#a#a>* an! 3>
!evotion an! letting go into the %reative sour%e from whi%h we emerge! =ishvara
tanu'/arana ? minimi)e* to ma/e fine* attenuate* wea/en
arthah ? for the purpose
%ha ? an!&$3 here are five /in!s of %oloring =/leshas>8 1> forgetting* or ignoran%e a"out the
true nature of things =avi!#a>* &> I'ness* in!ivi!ualit#* or egoism =asmita>* 3>
atta%hment or a!!i%tion to mental impressions or o"je%ts =raga>* 4> aversion tothought patterns or o"je%ts =!vesha>* an! .> love of these as "eing life itself* as well
as fear of their loss as "eing !eath$=avi!#a asmita raga !vesha a"hinivesha pan%ha /lesha>
a"hinivesha ? resistan%e to loss* fear of !eath of i!entit#* !esire for %ontinuit#*
%linging to the life of pan%ha ? five
/lesha ? %olore!* painful* affli%te!* impure the root klish means to cause
trouble =klesha is the noun form of the a!je%tive klishta>Yoga Sutras of Patanjali – Swami Jnaneshvara Bharati
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&$4 he root forgetting or ignoran%e of the nature of things =avi!#a> is the "ree!inggroun! for the other of the five %olorings =/leshas>* an! ea%h of these is in one of four
states8 1> !ormant or ina%tive* &> attenuate! or wea/ene!* 3> interrupte! orseparate! from temporaril#* or 4> a%tive an! pro!u%ing thoughts or a%tions to var#ing
&$6 he %oloring =/lesha> of I'ness or egoism =asmita>* whi%h arises from theignoran%e* o%%urs !ue to the mista/e of ta/ing the intelle%t ="u!!hi* whi%h /nows*
!e%i!es* ju!ges* an! !is%riminates> to itself "e pure %ons%iousness =purushaG!rig>$=!rig !arshana sha/t#oh e/atmata iva asmita>
&$C ,ven for those people who are learne!* there is an ever'flowing* firml# esta"lishe!
love for %ontinuation an! a fear of %essation* or !eath* of these various %olore!mo!ifi%ations =/leshas>$=sva'rasa'vahi vi!ushah api tatha ru!hah a"hiniveshah>
sva'rasa'vahi ? flowing on its own momentum =sva ? own rasa ? in%lination*
momentum* poten%# vahi ? flowing> vi!ushah ? in the wise or learne! person
api ? even
tatha ? the same wa#
ru!hah ? firml# esta"lishe!
a"hiniveshah ? resistan%e to loss* fear of !eath of i!entit#* !esire for
%ontinuit#* %linging to the life of
2ealing 3ith subtle impressions that eil the Self (%.1/%.11)&$10 hen the five t#pes of %olorings =/leshas> are in their su"tle* merel# potential
form* the# are then !estro#e! "# their !isappearan%e or %essation into an! of the fiel!of min! itself$
=te pratipasava he#ah su/shmah> te ? these
pratipasava ? involution* resolving "a%/ into the %ause from whi%h the# arose
he#ah ? to "e over%ome* re!u%e!* a"an!one!* !estro#e!* eliminate!
su/shmah ? su"tleYoga Sutras of Patanjali – Swami Jnaneshvara Bharati
Page && of 6304
&$11 hen the mo!ifi%ations still have some poten%# of %oloring =/lishta>* the# are"rought to the state of mere potential "# me!itation =!h#ana>$
=!h#ana he#ah tat vritta#ah> !h#ana ? me!itation
he#ah ? to "e over%ome* re!u%e!* a"an!one!* !estro#e!
tat ? that
vritta#ah ? operations* a%tivities* flu%tuations* mo!ifi%ations* %hanges* or
&$13 @s long as those %olorings =/leshas> remains at the root* three %onseuen%es arepro!u%e!8 1> "irth* &> span of life* an! 3> e+perien%es in that life$
=sati mule tat vipa/ah jati a#us "hogah> sati ? sin%e "eing here* "eing present* e+isting
mule ? to "e at the root
tat ? of that
vipa/ah ? ripening* fruition* maturation
jati ? t#pe of "irth* spe%ies* state of life
a#us ? span of life* lifetime
"hogah ? having e+perien%e* resulting enjo#ment
&$14 Be%ause of having the nature of merits or !emerits =virtue or vi%e>* these three="irth* span of life* an! e+perien%es> ma# "e e+perien%e! as either pleasure or pain$
=te hla!a'paritapa'phalah pun#a apun#a hetutvat> te ? the#* those =referring to those who ta/e "irth* as in the last sutra>
hetutvat ? having as their %ause =the pun#a or apun#a>Yoga Sutras of Patanjali – Swami Jnaneshvara Bharati
Page &3 of 6304
&$1. @ wise* !is%riminating person sees all worl!l# e+perien%es as painful* "e%ause of reasoning that all these e+perien%es lea! to more %onseuen%es* an+iet#* an! !eepha"its =sams/aras>* as well as a%ting in opposition to the natural ualities$=parinama tapa sams/ara !uh/haih guna vrittih viro!hat %ha !uh/ham eva sarvam
vive/inah> parinama ? of %hange* transformation* result* %onseuen%e* mutative effe%t*
alteration tapa ? an+iet#* anguish* pain* suffering* miser#* torment
sams/ara ? su"tle impressions* imprints in the un%ons%ious* !eepest ha"its
!uh/haih ? "# reason of suffering* sorrows
guna ? of the ualities* gunas of pra/riti =sattvas* rajas* tamas>
vrittih ? operations* a%tivities* flu%tuations* mo!ifi%ations* %hanges* or various
&$16 Be%ause the worl!l# e+perien%es are seen as painful* it is the pain* whi%h is #et
to %ome that is to "e avoi!e! an! !is%ar!e!$=he#am !uh/ham anagatam>
he#am ? to "e !is%ar!e!* avoi!e!* prevente!
!uh/ham ? pain* suffering* sorrow
anagatam ? whi%h has not #et %ome* in the future
&$1A he uniting of the seer =the su"je%t* or e+perien%er> with the seen =the o"je%t* or
that whi%h is e+perien%e!> is the %ause or %onne%tion to "e avoi!e!$=!rashtri !rish#a#oh sam#ogah he#a hetuh>
!rashtri ? of the seer* /nower* apprehen!er
!rish#a#oh ? of the seen* /nowa"le
sam#ogah ? union* %onjun%tion
he#a ? to "e !is%ar!e!* avoi!e!* prevente!
hetuh ? the %ause* reasonYoga Sutras of Patanjali – Swami Jnaneshvara BharatiPage &4 of 6304
&$1 he o"je%ts =or /nowa"les> are "# their nature of8 1> illumination or sentien%e* &>a%tivit# or muta"ilit#* or 3> inertia or stasis the# %onsist of the elements an! the
powers of the senses* an! e+ist for the purpose of e+perien%ing the worl! an! forli"eration or enlightenment$
shilam ? having the nature of =illumination* a%tivit#* stea!iness>
"huta ? the elements =earth* water* fire* air* spa%e>
in!ri#a ? powers of a%tion an! sensation* instruments* mental sense organs
atma/am ? %onsisting of =elements an! senses>
"hoga ? e+perien%e* enjo#ment
apavarga ? li"eration* free!om* eman%ipation
artham ? for the sa/e of* purpose of* o"je%t of
!rish#am ? the seen* the /nowa"le
&$1C here are four states of the elements =gunas>* an! these are8 1> !iversifie!*spe%iali)e!* or parti%ulari)e! =vishesha>* &> un!iversifie!* unspe%iali)e!* orunparti%ulari)e! =avishesha>* 3> in!i%ator'onl#* un!ifferentiate! phenomenal* or
mar/e! onl# =linga'matra>* an! 4> without in!i%ator* noumenal* or without mar/=alingani>$
=vishesha avishesha linga'matra alingani guna parvani> vishesha ? !iversifie!* spe%iali)e!* parti%ulari)e!* having !ifferen%es avishesha ? un!iversifie!* unspe%iali)e!* unparti%ulari)e!* having no
!ifferen%es
linga'matra ? un!ifferentiate!* onl# a mar/ or tra%e =linga ? mar/* tra%e
matra ? onl#>
alingani ? without even a mar/ or tra%e* un!ifferentiate! su"tle matter
guna'parvani ? state of the gunas =guna ? of the ualities* gunas of pra/riti
parvani ? state* stage* level>&$&0 he Seer is "ut the for%e of seeing itself* appearing to see or e+perien%e that
whi%h is presente! as a %ognitive prin%iple$=!rashta !rishi matrah su!!hah api prat#a#a anupash#ah>
!rashta ? the seer
!rishi'matrah ? power of seeing =!rishi ? seeing matrah ? power> su!!hah ? pure
prat#a#a ? the %ause* the feeling* %ausal or %ognitive prin%iple* notion* %ontent
of min!* presente! i!ea* %ognition anupash#ah ? appearing to see
Yoga Sutras of Patanjali – Swami Jnaneshvara BharatiPage &. of 63
04
&$&1 he essen%e or nature of the /nowa"le o"je%ts e+ists onl# to serve as the
o"je%tive fiel! for pure %ons%iousness$=ta!'artha eva !rish#as#a atma>
ta!'artha ? the purpose for that* to serve as =ta! ? that artha ? purpose>
eva ? onl#
!rish#as#a ? of the seen* /nowa"le
atma ? essen%e* "eing* e+isten%e
&$&& @lthough /nowa"le o"je%ts %ease to e+ist in relation to one who has e+perien%e!their fun!amental* formless true nature* the appearan%e of the /nowa"le o"je%ts is
not !estro#e!* for their e+isten%e %ontinues to "e share! "# others who are stillo"serving them in their grosser forms$
=/rita'artham prati nashtam api anashtam tat an#a sa!haranatvat> /rita'artham ? one whose purpose has "een a%%omplishe! =/rita ?
a%%omplishe! artham ? purpose>
prati ? towar!s* with regar! to
nashtam ? %ease!* !issolve!* finishe!* !estro#e!
api ? even* although
anashtam ? has not %ease!* not !issolve!* not finishe!* not !estro#e!
tat ? that
an#a ? for others
sa!haranatvat ? "eing %ommon to others* !ue to %ommonness
&$&3 ;aving an allian%e* or relationship "etween o"je%ts an! the Self is the ne%essar#means "# whi%h there %an su"seuentl# "e reali)ation of the true nature of those
svami ? of "eing owner* master* the one who possesses
sa/t#oh ? of the powers
svarupa ? of the nature* own nature* own form =sva ? own rupa ? form>
upala"!hi ? re%ognition
hetuh ? that "rings a"out* the %ause* reason
sam#ogah ? union* %onjun%tion
&$&4 @vi!#a or ignoran%e =&$3'&$.>* the %on!ition of ignoring* is the un!erl#ing %ausethat allows this allian%e to appear to e+ist$
=tas#a hetuh avi!#a> tas#a ? of that =of that allian%e* from last sutra>
hetuh ? that "rings a"out* the %ause* reason
avi!#a ? spiritual forgetting* ignoran%e* veiling* nes%ien%eYoga Sutras of Patanjali – Swami Jnaneshvara BharatiPage &6 of 6304
&$&. B# %ausing a la%/ of avi!#a* or ignoran%e there is then an a"sen%e of the allian%e*an! this lea!s to a free!om /nown as a state of li"eration or enlightenment for theSeer$=tat a"havat sam#ogah a"havah hanam tat !rishi /aival#am>
tat ? its
a"havat ? !ue to its !isappearan%e* la%/ or a"sen%e =of that ignoran%e in the
The rungs of Yoga are for discrimination (%.%&%.%*)&$&6 lear* !istin%t* unimpaire! !is%riminative /nowle!ge is the means of li"erationfrom this allian%e$=vive/a /h#atih aviplava hana upa#ah>
&$&A Seven /in!s of ultimate insight %ome to one who has attaine! this !egree of !is%rimination$=tas#a sapta!ha pranta "humih prajna>
tas#a ? to one* to su%h a person sapta!ha ? sevenfol!
pranta ? final* ultimate
"humih ? stage* level* !egree
prajna ? !is%rimination* insight* wis!om* %ogni)ing %ons%iousnessYoga Sutras of Patanjali – Swami Jnaneshvara BharatiPage &A of 6304
&$& hrough the pra%ti%e of the !ifferent lim"s* or steps to Yoga* where"# impuritiesare eliminate!* there arises an illumination that %ulminates in !is%riminative wis!om*or enlightenment$=#oga anga anusthana! ashu!!hi /sha#e jnana !iptih a vive/a /h#ateh>
&$&C he eight rungs* lim"s* or steps of Yoga are the %o!es of self'regulation orrestraint =#amas>* o"servan%es or pra%ti%es of self'training =ni#amas>* postures
=asana>* e+pansion of "reath an! prana =prana#ama>* with!rawal of the senses=prat#ahara>* %on%entration =!harana>* me!itation =!h#ana>* an! perfe%te!%on%entration =sama!hi>$=#ama ni#ama asana prana#ama prat#ahara !harana !h#ana sama!hi ashtau angani>
#ama ? %o!es of restraint* a"stinen%es* self'regulations
ni#ama ? o"servan%es* pra%ti%es* self'training
asana ? me!itation posture =from the root as* whi%h means 7to sit7>
prana#ama ? e+pansion of "reath an! prana* regulation* %ontrol
prat#ahara ? with!rawal of the in!ri#as =the senses>* "ringing inwar!
!harana ? %on%entration
!h#ana ? me!itation
sama!hi ? me!itation in its higher state* !eep a"sorption of me!itation* the
%onstituentsYoga Sutras of Patanjali – Swami Jnaneshvara BharatiPage & of 6304
Yamas and 6i#amas7 rungs 81 and 8% (%./%.!)
&$30 :on'injur# or non'harming =ahimsa>* truthfulness =sat#a>* a"stention fromstealing =aste#a>* wal/ing in awareness of the highest realit# ="rahma%har#a>* an!non'possessiveness or non'grasping with the senses =aparigraha> are the five #amas*
or %o!es of self'regulation or restraint* an! are the first of the eight steps of Yoga$=ahimsa sat#a aste#a "rahma%har#a aparigraha #ama>
ahimsa ? non'violen%e* non'harming* non'injur#
sat#a ? truthfulness* honest#
aste#a ? non'stealing* a"stention from theft
"rahma%har#a ? wal/ing in awareness of the highest realit#* %ontinen%e*
remem"ering the !ivine* pra%ti%ing the presen%e of Eo! aparigraha ? non'possessiveness* non'hol!ing through senses* non'gree!*
non'grasping* non'in!ulgen%e* non'a%uisitiveness
#ama ? %o!es of restraint* a"stinen%es* self'regulations&$31 hese %o!es of self'regulation or restraint "e%ome a great vow when the#"e%ome universal an! are not restri%te! "# an# %onsi!eration of the nature of the /in!
of living "eing to whom one is relate!* nor in an# pla%e* time or situation$=jati !esha /ala sama#a anava%h%hhinnah sarva'"haumah maha'vratam>
jati ? t#pe of "irth* spe%ies* state of life
!esha ? spa%e* pla%e
/ala ? time
sama#a ? %ir%umstan%e* %on!ition* %onsi!eration
anava%h%hhinnah ? not limite! "#
sarva'"haumah ? universal* in all parts =sarva ? all "haumah ? parts*
spheres>
maha'vratam ? great vow =maha ? great vratam ? vow>
&$3& leanliness an! purit# of "o!# an! min! =shau%ha>* an attitu!e of %ontentment=santosha>* as%esis or training of the senses =tapas>* self'stu!# an! refle%tion on
sa%re! wor!s =sva!h#a#a>* an! an attitu!e of letting go into one9s sour%e=ishvaraprani!hana> are the o"servan%es or pra%ti%es of self'training =ni#amas>* an!
are the se%on! rung on the la!!er of Yoga$=shau%ha santosha tapah sva!h#a#a ishvaraprani!hana ni#amah>
shau%ha ? purit# of "o!# an! min!
santosha ? %ontentment
tapah ? training the senses* austerities* as%esis
sva!h#a#a ? self'stu!#* refle%tion on sa%re! wor!s
ishvara ? %reative sour%e* %ausal fiel!* Eo!* supreme Euru or tea%her prani!hana ? pra%ti%ing the presen%e* !e!i%ation* !evotion* surren!er of fruits
of pra%ti%e
ni#amah ? o"servan%es or pra%ti%es of self'trainingYoga Sutras of Patanjali – Swami Jnaneshvara BharatiPage &C of 6304
&$33 hen these %o!es of self'regulation or restraint =#amas> an! o"servan%es orpra%ti%es of self'training =ni#amas> are inhi"ite! from "eing pra%ti%e! !ue to perverse*unwholesome* trou"lesome* or !eviant thoughts* prin%iples in the opposite !ire%tion*
or %ontrar# thought shoul! "e %ultivate!$=vitar/a "a!hane pratipa/sha "havanam>
vitar/a ? trou"lesome thoughts* !eviating =from the #amas an! ni#amas>
"a!hane ? !istur"e! "#* inhi"ite! "#
pratipa/sha ? to the %ontrar#* opposite thoughts or prin%iples
"havanam ? %ultivate* ha"ituate* thought of* %ontemplate on* refle%t on
&$34 @%tions arising out of su%h negative thoughts are performe! !ire%tl# "# oneself*
%ause! to "e !one through others* or approve! of when !one "# others$ @ll of thesema# "e pre%e!e! "#* or performe! through anger* gree! or !elusion* an! %an "e mil!*mo!erate or intense in nature$ o remin! oneself that these negative thoughts an!a%tions are the %auses of unen!ing miser# an! ignoran%e is the %ontrar# thought* or
prin%iple in the opposite !ire%tion that was re%ommen!e! in the previous sutra$=vitar/ah himsa!a#ah /rita /arita anumo!itah lo"ha /ro!ha moha purva/ah mri!uma!h#a a!himatrah !u/ha ajnana ananta phala iti pratipa/sha "havanam>
vitar/ah ? trou"lesome thoughts* !eviating =from the #amas an! ni#amas>
himsa!a#ah ? harmful an! the others =himsa ? harmful a!a#ah ? et %etera*
an! so forth>
/rita ? %ommitte! ="# oneself>
/arita ? %ause! to "e !one ="# others>
anumo!itah ? %onsente! to* approve! of =when !one "# others>
lo"ha ? gree!* !esire
/ro!ha ? anger
moha ? !elusion purva/ah ? pre%e!e! "#
mri!u ? mil!* slight
ma!h#a ? mi!!ling
a!himatrah ? intense* e+treme
!u/ha ? miser#* pain* suffering* sorrow
ajnana ? ignoran%e =a ? without jnana ? /nowle!ge>
ananta ? infinite* unen!ing =an ? un anta ? en!ing>
phala ? fruition* results* effe%ts
iti ? thus
pratipa/sha ? to the %ontrar#* opposite thoughts or prin%iples
"havanam ? %ultivate* ha"ituate* thought of* %ontemplate on* refle%t on
Yoga Sutras of Patanjali – Swami Jnaneshvara BharatiPage 30 of 6304
4enefits from the Yamas and 6i#amas (%.$%.!$)&$3. @s a Yogi "e%omes firml# groun!e! in non'injur# =ahimsa>* other people who%ome near will naturall# lose an# feelings of hostilit#$
=ahimsa pratishtha#am tat vaira't#agah> ahimsa ? non'violen%e* non'harming* non'injur#
pratishtha#am ? having firml# esta"lishe!* "eing well groun!e! in
tat ? that* of his or her
vaira't#agah ? give up hostilities =vaira ? hostilit#* enmit#* aggression t#aga
? a"an!on* give up>
&$36 @s truthfulness =sat#a> is a%hieve!* the fruits of a%tions naturall# result a%%or!ingto the will of the Yogi$
upasthanam ? appear* %ome* approa%h to him or her* are availa"le* present
themselves
&$3 hen wal/ing in the awareness of the highest realit# ="rahma%har#a> is firml#esta"lishe!* then a great strength* %apa%it#* or vitalit# =vir#a> is a%uire!$
="rahma%har#a pratistha#am vir#a la"hah>
"rahma%har#a ? wal/ing in awareness of the highest realit#* a"solute realit#*
remem"ering the !ivine* pra%ti%ing the presen%e of Eo! %ontinen%e
pratistha#am ? having firml# esta"lishe!* "eing well groun!e! in
vir#a ? strength* vigor* vitalit#* %ourage
la"hah ? is a%uire!* attaine!* gaine!Yoga Sutras of Patanjali – Swami Jnaneshvara BharatiPage 31 of 6304
&$3C hen one is stea!fast in non'possessiveness or non'grasping with the senses
=aparigraha>* there arises /nowle!ge of the wh# an! wherefore of past an! futurein%arnations$
&$40 hrough %leanliness an! purit# of "o!# an! min! =shau%ha>* one !evelops an
attitu!e of !istan%ing* or !isinterest towar!s one9s own "o!#* an! "e%omes !isin%line!towar!s %onta%ting the "o!ies of others$=sau%hat sva'anga jugupsa paraih asamsargah>
jugupsa ? !isin%line!* !istan%e! from* !rawn awa# from
paraih ? an! with that of others
asamsargah ? %essation of %onta%t* non'asso%iation
&$41 @lso through %leanliness an! purit# of "o!# an! min! =shau%ha> %omes apurifi%ation of the su"tle mental essen%e =sattva>* a pleasantness* goo!ness an!
gla!ness of feeling* a one'pointe!ness with intentness* the %onuest or master# overthe senses* an! a fitness* ualifi%ation* or %apa"ilit# for self'reali)ation$=sattva shu!!hi saumanas#a e/agra in!ri#a'ja#a atma !arshana #og#atvani %ha>
prani!hana ? pra%ti%ing the presen%e* !e!i%ation* !evotion* surren!er of fruits
of pra%ti%e
+sana or meditation posture7 rung 8 of (%.!&%.!)&$46 he posture =asana> for Yoga me!itation shoul! "e stea!#* sta"le* an!motionless* as well as %omforta"le* an! this is the thir! of the eight rungs of Yoga$=sthira su/ham asanam>
sthira ? stea!#* sta"le* motionless
su/ham ? %omforta"le* ease fille!
asanam ? me!itation posture =from the root as* whi%h means 7to sit7>
&$4A he means of perfe%ting the posture is that of rela+ing or loosening of effort* an!allowing attention to merge with en!lessness* or the infinite$=pra#atna shaithil#a ananta samapatti"h#am>
pra#atna ? tension or effort =relate! to tr#ing to !o the posture>
mergingYoga Sutras of Patanjali – Swami Jnaneshvara BharatiPage 33 of 6304
&$4 -rom the attainment of that perfe%te! posture* there arises an unassaila"le*unimpe!e! free!om from suffering !ue to the pairs of opposites =su%h as heat an!%ol!* goo! an! "a!* or pain an! pleasure>$=tatah !van!va ana"highata>
tatah ? then* there"#* then%e* from that
!van!va ? the pairs of opposites* the !ualities* !i%hotomies
ana"highata ? unimpe!e! free!om from suffering* without effe%t or impa%t*
%essation of !istur"an%e
Prana#ama and breath control7 rung 8! of (%.!*%.$)
&$4C 5n%e that perfe%te! posture has "een a%hieve!* the slowing or "ra/ing of thefor%e "ehin!* an! of unregulate! movement of inhalation an! e+halation is %alle!"reath %ontrol an! e+pansion of prana =prana#ama>* whi%h lea!s to the a"sen%e of theawareness of "oth* an! is the fourth of the eight rungs$=tasmin sati shvasa prashvsa#oh gati vi%h%hhe!ah prana#amah>
tasmin ? upon that =perfe%tion of me!itation posture>
sati ? "eing a%%omplishe!
shvasa ? inhalation
prashvsa#oh ? e+halation
gati ? of the un%ontrolle! movements
vi%h%hhe!ah ? slowing* softening or "ra/ing of the for%e "ehin!
prana#amah ? e+pansion of prana* regulation of "reath
&$.0 hat prana#ama has three aspe%ts of e+ternal or outwar! flow =e+halation>*internal or inwar! flow =inhalation>* an! the thir!* whi%h is the a"sen%e of "oth !uring
the transition "etween them* an! is /nown as fi+e!ness* retention* or suspension$hese are regulate! "# pla%e* time* an! num"er* with "reath "e%oming slow an!su"tle$="ah#a a"h#antara stam"ha vrittih !esha /ala san/h#a"hih pari!rishtah !irghasu/shmah>
Yoga Sutras of Patanjali – Swami Jnaneshvara BharatiPage 34 of 6304
&$.1 he fourth prana#ama is that %ontinuous prana whi%h surpasses* is "e#on!* or"ehin! those others that operate in the e+terior an! interior realms or fiel!s$
&$.& hrough that prana#ama the veil of /armashe#a =&$1&> that %overs the innerillumination or light is thinne!* !iminishes an! vanishes$
=tatah /shi#ate pra/asha avaranam> tatah ? then* there"#* then%e* from that
/shi#ate ? is !estro#e!* thinne!* !iminishes* vanishes
pra/asha ? light* illumination
avaranam ? veil* %overing
&$.3 hrough these pra%ti%es an! pro%esses of prana#ama* whi%h is the fourth of the
eight steps* the min! a%uires or !evelops the fitness* ualifi%ation* or %apa"ilit# fortrue %on%entration =!harana>* whi%h is itself the si+th of the steps$
=!haranasu %ha #og#ata manasah>
!haranasu ? for %on%entration* for !harana %ha ? an!
Prat#ahara or sense 3ithdra3al7 rung 8$ of (%.$!%.$$)&$.4 hen the mental organs of senses an! a%tions =in!ri#as> %ease to "e engage!with the %orrespon!ing o"je%ts in their mental realm* an! assimilate or turn "a%/ intothe min!'fiel! from whi%h the# arose* this is %alle! prat#ahara* an! is the fifth step$=sva visha#a asampra#oge %hittas#a svarupe anu/arah iva in!ri#anam prat#aharah>
asampra#oge ? not %oming into %onta%t with* non'%onjun%tion* %essation of
engagement
%hittas#a ? of the min! fiel!
svarupe ? own form* own nature =sva ? own rupe ? form* nature>
anu/arah ? imitate* resem"le* follow* "e engage! with
iva ? li/e* as though* as it were
in!ri#anam ? mental organs of a%tions an! senses =in!ri#as>
prat#aharah ? with!rawal of the in!ri#as =the senses>* "ringing inwar!
Yoga Sutras of Patanjali – Swami Jnaneshvara BharatiPage 3. of 6304
&$.. hrough that turning inwar! of the organs of senses an! a%tions =in!ri#as> also%omes a supreme a"ilit#* %ontrolla"ilit#* or master# over those senses in%lining to gooutwar! towar!s their o"je%ts$=tatah parama vash#ata in!ri#anam>
tatah ? then* there"#* then%e* from that
parama ? highest* supreme* ultimate* perfe%te!
vash#ata ? master#* %ontrol* "eing wille!
in!ri#anam ? of the mental organs of a%tions an! senses =in!ri#as>Yoga Sutras of Patanjali – Swami Jnaneshvara BharatiPage 36 of 6304
Chapter : Progressing (9ibhuti Pada)2harana7 2h#ana7 Samadhi7 rungs 8&7 8'7 and 8 (.1.)3$1 on%entration =!harana> is the pro%ess of hol!ing or fi+ing the attention of min!onto one o"je%t or pla%e* an! is the si+th of the eight rungs$=!eshah "an!hah %hittas#a !harana>
3$& he repeate! %ontinuation* or uninterrupte! stream of that one point of fo%us is
%alle! a"sorption in me!itation =!h#ana>* an! is the seventh of the eight steps$=tatra prat#a#a e/atanata !h#anam>
tatra ? there* therein =in that pla%e or !esha of 3$1>
prat#a#a ? the %ause* the feeling* %ausal or %ognitive prin%iple* notion* %ontent
of min!* presente! i!ea* %ognition
e/atanata ? one %ontinuous flow of uninterrupte! attention =e/a ? one tanata
? %ontinue! !ire%te!ness>
!h#anam ? me!itation
3$3 hen onl# the essen%e of that o"je%t* pla%e* or point shines forth in the min!* as if !evoi! even of its own form* that state of !eep a"sorption is %alle! !eep %on%entrationor sama!hi* whi%h is the eighth rung$=ta! eva artha matra nir"hasam svarupa shun#am iva sama!hih>
together3$. hrough the master# of that three'part pro%ess of sam#ama* the light of /nowle!ge* trans%en!ental insight* or higher %ons%iousness =prajna> !awns* illumines*flashes* or is visi"le$=ta! ja#at prajna lo/ah>
ta! ? of that
ja#at ? a%hievement* master#
prajna ? light of /nowle!ge* trans%en!ental insight* higher %ons%iousness
3$6 hat three'part pro%ess of sam#ama is gra!uall# applie! to the finer planes*states* or stages of pra%ti%e$
=tas#a "humisu vini#ogah> tas#a ? its* of that
"humisu ? to the planes* states* stages
vini#ogah ? appli%ation* pra%ti%e
nternal is seen to be e;ternal (.'.)3$A hese three pra%ti%es of %on%entration =!harana>* me!itation =!h#ana>* an!sama!hi are more intimate or internal than the previous five pra%ti%es$
=tra#am antar angam purve"h#ah> tra#am ? these three
Witnessing subtle transitions 3ith Sam#ama (.*.1&)3$C hat high level of master# %alle! niro!hah'parinamah o%%urs in the moment of transition when there is a %onvergen%e of the rising ten!en%# of !eep impressions* the
su"si!ing ten!en%#* an! the attention of the min! fiel! itself$=v#utthana niro!hah sams/ara a"hi"hava pra!ur"havau niro!hah /sana %hitta
anva#ah niro!hah'parinamah>
v#utthana ? emergen%e* %oming out* rising
niro!hah ? master#* %oor!ination* %ontrol* regulation* setting asi!e of
sams/ara ? su"tle impressions* imprints in the un%ons%ious* !eepest ha"its
a"hi"hava ? !isappearan%e* su"si!ing
pra!ur"havau ? manifesting* appearan%e
niro!hah ? master#* %oor!ination* %ontrol* regulation* setting asi!e of
/sana ? with the moment* instant* infinitesimal time =3$.3>
%hitta ? of the %ons%iousness of the min!'fiel!
anva#ah ? %onne%tion with* %onjun%tion
niro!hah'parinamah ? transition to niro!hah =niro!hah ? master#*
%oor!ination* %ontrol* regulation* setting asi!e of =1$&> parinamah ? transition*
transformation* of %hange* result* %onseuen%e* mutative effe%t* alteration>=&$1.>3$10 he stea!# flow of this state =niro!hah'parinamah> %ontinues "# the %reation of !eep impressions =sams/aras> from !oing the pra%ti%e$
=tas#a prashanta vahita sams/arat> tas#a ? its =referring to the min! in the state of niro!hah'parinamah* in the
last sutra> prashanta ? un!istur"e!* stea!#* %ontinuous* pea%eful* %alm* tranuil
vahita ? flow
sams/ara ? su"tle impressions* imprints in the un%ons%ious* !eepest ha"itsYoga Sutras of Patanjali – Swami Jnaneshvara BharatiPage 3C of 63
043$11 he master# %alle! sama!hi'parinamah is the transition where"# the ten!en%# toall'pointe!ness su"si!es* while the ten!en%# to one'pointe!ness arises$=sarvarathata e/agrata /sa#a u!a#a %hittas#a sama!hi'parinamah>
sarvarathata ? man# pointe!ness* all pointe!ness* e+perien%ing all points
e/agrata ? one'pointe!ness
/sa#a ? !win!ling* !estru%tion* !e%a#
u!a#a ? rising* uprising
%hittas#a ? of the %ons%iousness of the min!'fiel!
sama!hi'parinamah ? transition to sama!hi =sama!hi ? me!itation in its
higher state* !eep a"sorption of me!itation* the state of perfe%te!%on%entration parinamah ? transition* transformation* of %hange* result*
%onseuen%e* mutative effe%t* alteration>3$1& he master# %alle! e/agrata'parinamah is the transition where"# the sameonepointe!nessarises an! su"si!es seuentiall#$
=tatah punah shanta'u!itau tul#a'prat#a#au %hittas#a e/agrata'parinimah> tatah ? then
punah ? again* seuentiall#
shanta'u!itau ? the su"si!ing an! arising* past an! present
tul#a'prat#a#au ? having similar
%hittas#a ? of the %ons%iousness of the min!'fiel!
e/agrata'parinimah ? transition of one'pointe!ness =e/agrata ? onepointe!ness
parinamah ? transition* transformation* of %hange* result*
%onseuen%e* mutative effe%t* alteration>3$13 hese three transition pro%esses also e+plain the three transformations of form*
time* an! %hara%teristi%s* an! how these relate to the material elements an! senses$=etena "huta in!ri#asau !harma la/sana avastha parinamah v#a/h#atah>
etena ? "# this* "# these
"huta ? elements
in!ri#asau ? mental organs of a%tions an! senses =in!ri#as>
!harma ? form* ualit#
la/sana ? time %hara%teristi%s
avastha ? state of ol! or new* %on!ition
parinamah ? transition* transformation* of %hange* result* %onseuen%e*
mutative effe%t* alteration
v#a/h#atah ? are !es%ri"e!Yoga Sutras of Patanjali – Swami Jnaneshvara Bharati
Page 40 of 6304
3$14 here is an unmanifest* in!es%ri"a"le su"stratum or e+isten%e that is %ommon or%ontaine! within all of the other forms or ualities$
=shanta u!ita av#apa!esh#a !harma anupati !harmi> shanta ? latent past
anupati ? %losel# following* %ommon* %onforming with all* %ontaine! in
!harmi ? the o"je%t %ontaining the %hara%teristi%s* su"stratum* e+isten%e
3$1. hange in the seuen%e of the %hara%teristi%s is the %ause for the !ifferentappearan%es of results* %onseuen%es* or effe%ts$=/rama an#atvam parinamah an#atve hetu>
/rama ? seuen%e* su%%ession* or!er
an#atvam ? !istin%tness* !ifferent phases
parinamah ? transition* transformation* of %hange* result* %onseuen%e*
mutative effe%t* alteration* natural laws or fun%tions of nature an#atve ? for the !istin%tness* !ifferentiation
hetu ? the reason
3$16 B# sam#ama on the three'fol! %hanges in form* time* an! %hara%teristi%s* there%omes /nowle!ge of the past an! future$=parinimah tra#a sam#ama atita anagata jnana>
parinimah ? transition* transformation* of %hange* result* %onseuen%e*
Yoga Sutras of Patanjali – Swami Jnaneshvara BharatiPage 41 of 6304
;periences from Sam#ama (.1'.')3$1A he name asso%iate! with an o"je%t* the o"je%t itself implie! "# that name* an!the %on%eptual e+isten%e of the o"je%t* all three usuall# interpenetrate or %ommingle
with one another$ B# sam#ama on the !istin%tion "etween these three* the meaning of the soun!s ma!e "# all "eings "e%omes availa"le$=sha"!a artha prat#a#a itaretara a!h#asat sam/ara tat pravi"haga sam#ama sarva"huta ruta jnana>
"huta ? of living "eing ="eings that are in form* as "huta ? five elements>
ruta ? soun!s pro!u%e!* language* spee%h
jnana ? /nowle!ge* meaning
3$1 hrough the !ire%t per%eption of the latent impressions =sams/aras> %omes the/nowle!ge of previous in%arnations$=sams/ara sa/sat /aranat purva jati jnanam>
sams/ara ? su"tle impressions* imprints in the un%ons%ious* !eepest ha"its
sa/sat ? !ire%t* imme!iate %onta%t
/aranat ? per%eption* e+perien%ing purva ? of previous
jati ? "irth* in%arnation
jnana ? /nowle!ge
3$1C B# sam#ama on the notions or presente! i!eas %omes /nowle!ge of another9smin!$=prat#a#as#a para %hitta jnana>
prat#a#as#a ? notions* presente! i!eas* of the %ontent of the min!*
%on%eptions para ? other
%hitta ? of the mental images* %ons%iousness* of the %ons%iousness of the
min!'fiel!
jnana ? /nowle!geYoga Sutras of Patanjali – Swami Jnaneshvara BharatiPage 4& of 6304
3$&0 But the un!erl#ing support of that /nowle!ge =of the other persons min!* in3$1C> remains unper%eive! or out of rea%h$=na %ha tat salam"ana tas#a avisa#in "hutatvat>:ote8 his sutra is not in%lu!e! in all ren!itionsK
na ? not
%ha ? "ut
tat ? that
salam"ana ? with support
tas#a ? its avisa#in ? unper%eive!* not within rea%h* not "eing the su"je%t of* a"sent from
"hutatvat ? to "e* "eingness
3$&1 hen sam#ama is !one on the form of one9s own ph#si%al "o!#* the illuminationor visual %hara%teristi% of the "o!# is suspen!e!* an! is thus invisi"le to other people$=/a#a rupa sam#ama tat grah#a sha/ti tat stam"he %ha/suh pra/asha asampra#ogaantar!hanam>:ote8 In some ren!itions this is sutra 3$&0K
asampra#oga ? there "eing no %onta%t* !is%onne%te!* separate! %onta%t antar!hanam ? invisi"ilit#* !isappearan%e
3$&& In the same wa# as !es%ri"e! in relation to sight =3$&1>* one is a"le to suspen!the a"ilit# of the "o!# to "e hear!* tou%he!* taste!* or smelle!=etena sha"!a!i antar!hanam u/tam>
:ote8 his sutra is not in%lu!e! in all ren!itionsK etena ? "# this
sha"!a!i ? soun! an! others
antar!hanam ? !isappearan%e* suspen!* arrest
u/tam ? is e+plaine!Yoga Sutras of Patanjali – Swami Jnaneshvara Bharati
Page 43 of 6304
3$&3 Larma is of two /in!s* either fast or slow to manifest "# sam#ama on these/armas %omes fore/nowle!ge of the time of !eath$=sopa/ramam nirupa/ramam %ha /arma tat sam#ama aparanta jnanam ariste"h#ahva>
:ote8 In some ren!itions this is sutra 3$&1 or 3$&&K sopa/ramam ? fast to fru%tif#* ui%/ to manifest* imme!iate* a%tive
nirupa/ramam ? slow to fru%tif#* !ormant* less ative
3$&4 B# sam#ama on frien!liness =an! the other attitu!es of 1$33>* there %omes greatstrength of that attitu!e$=maitri !ishu "alani>:ote8 In some ren!itions this is sutra 3$&& or 3$&3K
maitri ? frien!liness =an! others of 1$33>
!ishu ? et %etera
"alani ? power* strength
3$&. B# sam#ama on the strength of elephants %omes a similar strength$="aleshu hasti "ala!ini>:ote8 In some ren!itions this is sutra 3$&3 or 3$&4K
"aleshu ? strength* power
hasti ? elephants
"ala!ini ? power
3$&6 B# !ire%ting the flash of inner light of higher sensor# a%tivit#* /nowle!ge of su"tle o"je%ts* those hi!!en from view* an! those ver# !istant %an "e attaine!$=pravritt#ah alo/a n#asat su/sma v#avahita vipra/rista jnanam>:ote8 In some ren!itions this is sutra 3$&4 or 3$&.K
pravritt#ah ? higher sensor# a%tivit#* the inner light
3$33 B# sam#ama on the %oronal light of the hea!* visions of the si!!has* the masters
%an %ome$=mur!ha j#otisi si!!ha !arshanam>:ote8 In some ren!itions this is sutra 3$31 or 3$3&K
mur!ha ? %rown of the hea!
j#otisi ? the "right effulgen%e* lu%i!it#* luminosit#* inner light* supreme or
!ivine light si!!ha ? perfe%te! ones* masters
!arshanam ? vision
3$34 5r* through the intuitive light of higher /nowle!ge* an#thing might "e%ome/nown$=prati"ha! va sarvam>:ote8 In some ren!itions this is sutra 3$3& or 3$33K
prati"ha ? intuitive light or flash* light of higher /nowle!ge* illumination
va ? or
sarvam ? all
3$3. B# pra%ti%ing sam#ama on the heart* /nowle!ge of the min! is attaine!$=hir!a#e %hitta samvit>:ote8 In some ren!itions this is sutra 3$33 or 3$34K
hir!a#e ? heart
%hitta ? of the %ons%iousness of the min!'fiel!
samvit ? /nowle!geYoga Sutras of Patanjali – Swami Jnaneshvara BharatiPage 46 of 6304
3$36 he having of e+perien%es %omes from a presente! i!ea onl# when there is a%ommingling of the su"tlest aspe%t of min! =sattva> an! pure %ons%iousness=purusha>* whi%h are reall# uite !ifferent$ Sam#ama on the pure %ons%iousness*whi%h is !istin%t from the su"tlest aspe%t of min!* reveals /nowle!ge of that pure
3$3A -rom the light of the higher /nowle!ge of that pure %ons%iousness or purusha
=3$36> arises higher* trans%en!ental* or !ivine hearing* tou%h* vision* taste* an! smell$=tatah prati"ha sravana ve!ana a!arsha asva!a varta ja#anta>:ote8 In some ren!itions this is sutra 3$3. or 3$36K
tatah ? then%e
prati"ha ? intuitive light or flash* light of higher /nowle!ge* illumination
sravana ? higher* trans%en!ental* or !ivine hearing ve!ana ? higher* trans%en!ental* or !ivine tou%h
a!arsha ? higher* trans%en!ental* or !ivine vision
asva!a ? higher* trans%en!ental* or !ivine taste
varta ? higher* trans%en!ental* or !ivine smell
ja#anta ? pro%ee!* arises* o%%ur* pro!u%e!
What to do 3ith subtle e;periences (.)
3$3 hese e+perien%es resulting from sam#ama are o"sta%les to sama!hi* "ut appearto "e attainments or powers to the outgoing or worl!l# min!$=te sama!hau upasargah v#utthane si!!ha#ah>:ote8 In some ren!itions this is sutra 3$36 or 3$3AK
te ? these =attainments>
sama!hi ? me!itation in its higher state* !eep a"sorption of me!itation* the
state of perfe%te! %on%entration
upasrga ? o"sta%les* hin!ran%es* impe!iments
v#utthana ? to the outgoing min!* worl!l# min!
si!!hi ? attainments* powers* perfe%tions* su"tle e+perien%es* ps#%hi% a"ilitiesYoga Sutras of Patanjali – Swami Jnaneshvara BharatiPage 4A of 6304
,ore attainments from Sam#ama (.*.!*)3$3C B# loosening or letting go of the %auses of "on!age an! atta%hment* an! "#
following the /nowle!ge of how to go forth into the passages of the min!* there %omesthe a"ilit# to enter into another "o!#$
="an!ha /arana shaithil#at pra%hara samve!anat %ha %hittas#a para sharira aveshah>:ote8 In some ren!itions this is sutra 3$3A or 3$3K
"an!ha ? "on!age* atta%hment
/arana ? %ause
shaithil#at ? rela+ation* letting go* loosening
pra%hara ? passages* means of going forth* moving through
samve!anat ? "# /nowle!ge of
%ha ? an! %hittas#a ? of the %ons%iousness of the min!'fiel!
para ? another* other
sharira ? "o!#
aveshah ? entering into
3$40 B# the master# over u!ana* the upwar! flowing prana va#u* there is a %essationof %onta%t with mu!* water* thorns* an! other su%h o"je%ts* an! there ensues the
rising or levitation of the "o!#$=u!ana ja#at jala pan/a /anta/a a!isu asangah ut/rantih %ha>
:ote8 In some ren!itions this is sutra 3$3 or 3$3CK u!ana ? one of the five prana va#us =upwar! flow of prana in the "o!#>
ja#a ? "# master#
jala ? water pan/a ? mu!* as in a swamp
/anta/a ? thorn
a!isu ? an! with others* et %etera
asangah ? no %onta%t* no a!hesion* %essation of %onta%t
ut/rantih ? rising* as%ension* levitation
%ha ? an!
3$41 B# master# over samana* the prana flowing in the navel area* there %omeseffulgen%e* ra!ian%e* or fire$=samana ja#at jvalanam>:ote8 In some ren!itions this is sutra 3$3C or 3$40K
samana ? one of the five prana va#us =prana in navel area>
3$43 B# Sam#ama on the relationship "etween the "o!# an! spa%e =a/asha> an! "#%on%entrating on the lightness of %otton* passage through spa%e %an "e attaine!$
=/a#a a/asha#oh sam"an!ha sam#amat laghu tula samatatti %ha>:ote8 In some ren!itions this is sutra 3$41 or 3$4&K
vrittih ? operations* a%tivities* flu%tuations* mo!ifi%ations* %hanges* or various
forms of the min!'fiel!
maha'vi!eha ? great one e+isting without a "o!#* !isin%arnate
tatah ? "# that
pra/asha ? spiritual light
avarana ? %overing* veil
/sa#ah ? remove!* !estro#e!
Yoga Sutras of Patanjali – Swami Jnaneshvara BharatiPage 4C of 6304
3$4. B# sam#ama on the five forms of the elements ="hutas>* whi%h are gross form*essen%e* su"tleness* inter%onne%te!ness* an! its purpose* then master# over those
"hutas is attaine!$=sthula svarupa su/sma anva#a arthavattva sam#ama! "huta'ja#ah>
:ote8 In some ren!itions this is sutra 3$43 or 3$44K sthula ? gross
svarupa ? in its own nature* own form or essen%e = sva ? own rupa ? form>
"huta ? the elements =earth* water* fire* air* spa%e>
ja#ah ? master#
3$46 hrough that master# over the elements* %omes the a"ilities of ma/ing the "o!#atomi%all# small* perfe%t* an! in!estru%ti"le in its %hara%teristi%s or %omponents* as
well as "ringing other su%h powers$=tatah anima a!i pra!ur"havah /a#a sampa! ta! !harma ana"highata %ha>:ote8 In some ren!itions this is sutra 3$44 or 3$4.K
tatah ? "# that
anima ? ma/ing miniature* atomi% si)e
a!i ? an! others =other su%h powers>
pra!ur"havah ? manifestion of
/a#a ? "o!#
sampa! ? perfe%tion
ta! ? their
!harma ? %hara%teristi%s* %omponents
ana"highata ? non'resistan%e* without o"stru%tion* in!estru%ti"le
%ha ? an!
3$4A his perfe%tion of the "o!# in%lu!es "eaut#* gra%efulness* strength* an!a!amantine har!ness in ta/ing the "lows that %ome$=rupa lavan#a "ala vajra samhanana /a#a'sampat>
:ote8 In some ren!itions this is sutra 3$4. or 3$46K rupa ? form* "eaut#* appearan%e
lavan#a ? gra%efulness* %harm* a"ilit# to attra%t
"ala ? strength* energ#
vajra ? a!amantine* har!ness
samhanana ? a"ilit# to "ear stro/es or har!ness
/a#a'sampat ? perfe%tion of the "o!#Yoga Sutras of Patanjali – Swami Jnaneshvara BharatiPage .0 of 63
043$4 B# sam#ama on the pro%ess of per%eption an! a%tion* essen%e* I'ness*%onne%te!ness* an! purposefulness of senses an! a%ts* master# over those sensesan! a%ts =in!ri#as> is attaine!$=grahana svarupa asmita anva#a arthavattva sam#ama! in!ri#a ja#ah>:ote8 In some ren!itions this is sutra 3$46 or 3$4AK
grahana ? pro%ess of per%eption an! a%tion
svarupa ? in its own nature* own form or essen%e = sva ? own rupa ? form>
ta/en together =3$4> in!ri#a ? mental organs of a%tions an! senses =in!ri#as>
ja#ah ? master#
3$4C B# that master# over the senses an! a%ts =in!ri#as>* there %omes ui%/ness of min!* per%eption with the ph#si%al instruments of per%eption* an! master# over theprimal %ause out of whi%h manifestation arises$=tatah mano'javitvam virarana'"havah pra!haua ja#ah>:ote8 In some ren!itions this is sutra 3$4A or 3$4K
tatah ? "# that
manas ? min!
javitva ? ui%/ness* spee!
virarana'"havah ? per%eption with instrument of per%eption* i$e$* with the "o!#
or ph#si%al senses pra!haua ? the primal %ause out of whi%h there is manifestation
ja#ah ? master#Yoga Sutras of Patanjali – Swami Jnaneshvara BharatiPage .1 of 6304
<enunciation that brings 5aial#a or liberation (.$/.$%)3$.0 o one well esta"lishe! in the /nowle!ge of the !istin%tion "etween the purest
aspe%t of min! an! %ons%iousness itself* there %omes suprema%# over all forms orstates of e+isten%e* as well as over all forms of /nowing$=sattva purusha an#ata /h#ati matras#a sarva'"hava a!histhatrittvam sarvajnatritvam
%ha>:ote8 In some ren!itions this is sutra 3$4 or 3$4CK
sattva ? purit# aspe%t of min! fiel! or %hitta* su"tlest in!ivi!uation* purest
aspe%t of "u!!hi
purusha ? pure %ons%iousness
an#ata ? !istin%tion "etween* !ifferen%e
/h#ati ? through /nowle!ge* vision* !is%ernment* %orre%t %ognition* %larit#*
awareness
matras#a ? onl#* merel#
sarva'"hava ? over all states or forms of e+isten%e* omnipoten%e =sarva ? all"hava ? states or forms of e+isten%e>
a!histhatrittvam ? suprema%#
sarva'jnatritvam ? all /nowingness* omnis%ien%e =sarva ? all jnatritvam ?
/nowingness>
%ha ? an!
3$.1 ith non'atta%hment or !esirelessness even for that suprema%# over forms an!
states of e+isten%e an! the omnis%ien%e =3$.0>* the see!s at the root of those"on!ages are !estro#e!* an! a"solute li"eration is attaine!$
=ta! vairag#a api !osa "ija /sa#a /aival#am>:ote8 In some ren!itions this is sutra 3$4C or 3$.0K
3$.& hen invite! "# the %elestial "eings* no %ause shoul! "e allowe! to arise in themin! that woul! allow either a%%eptan%e of the offer* or the smile of pri!e fromre%eiving the invitation* "e%ause to allow su%h thoughts to arise again might %reate
the possi"ilit# of repeating un!esira"le thoughts an! a%tions$=sthani upanimantrane sanga sma#a a/aranam punuh anista prasangat>:ote8 In some ren!itions this is sutra 3$.0 or 3$.1K
sthani ? %elestial "eings* those of high spiritual position* presi!ing !eities*
!evas
upanimantrane ? invitation* on "eing invite! "#
sanga ? asso%iation* %oming together with* a%%eptan%e* atta%hment
sma#a ? pri!e* smile of happiness
a/aranam ? no %ause* no reason for a%tion* not entertain
punuh ? again* repeat* renew* revive
anista ? un!esira"le
prasangat ? possi"ilit# of "eing %aught or having %onne%tion
=igher discrimination through Sam#ama (.$.$&)3$.3 B# sam#ama over the moments an! their su%%ession* there %omes the higher
3$.4 -rom that !is%riminative /nowle!ge =3$.3> %omes awareness of the !ifferen%e or
!istin%tion "etween two similar o"je%ts* whi%h are not normall# !istinguisha"le "#%ategor#* %hara%teristi%s* or position in spa%e$
=jati la/sana !esha an#ata anava%h%hhe!at tul#a#oh tatah pratipattih>:ote8 In some ren!itions this is sutra 3$.& or 3$.3K
jati ? genus* spe%ies* %ategor#* t#pe
la/sana ? time %hara%teristi%s* appearan%e* !istin%tive mar/ !esha ? pla%e* position in spa%e
an#ata ? !istin%tion* separateness* !ifferen%e
anava%h%hhe!at ? un!efine!* not separate!* in!istinguisha"le
tul#a#oh ? of two similar o"je%ts* the same %ategor# or %lass* eual
tatah ? there"#* from that
pratipattih ? /nowle!ge !istin%tion* !istinguisha"le /nowle!geYoga Sutras of Patanjali – Swami Jnaneshvara BharatiPage .3 of 6304
3$.. hat higher /nowle!ge is intuitive an! trans%en!ent* an! is "orn of !is%rimination it in%lu!es all o"je%ts within its fiel!* all %on!itions relate! to thoseo"je%ts* an! is "e#on! an# su%%ession$
=tara/am sarva visa#am sarvatha visa#am a/ramam %ha iti vive/a jam jnanam>:ote8 In some ren!itions this is sutra 3$.3 or 3$.4K
tara/am ? trans%en!ent* intuitional*
sarva ? all
visa#am ? o"je%ts* %on!itions* pursuits
sarvatha ? in all wa#s* "# all means
visa#am ? o"je%ts* %on!itions* pursuits
a/ramam ? "e#on! su%%ession* non'seuential
%ha ? an!
iti ? this
vive/a ? !is%rimination* !is%ernment
ja ? "orn jnana ? /nowle!ge* gnosis
3$.6 ith the attainment of eualit# "etween the purest aspe%t of sattvi% "u!!hi an!the pure %ons%iousness of purusha* there %omes a"solute li"eration* an! that is theen!$=sattva purusa#oh su!!hi sam#e /aival#am iti>:ote8 In some ren!itions this is sutra 3$.4 or 3$..K
sattva ? purit# aspe%t of min! fiel! or %hitta* su"tlest in!ivi!uation* purest
Yoga Sutras of Patanjali – Swami Jnaneshvara BharatiPage .4 of 6304
Chapter !: >iberation (aial#a Pada),eans of attaining e;perience (!.1!.)4$1 he su"tler attainments %ome with "irth or are attaine! through her"s* mantra*
austerities or %on%entration$=janma osa!hi mantra tapah sama!hi jah si!!h#a#ah>
4$& he transition or transformation into another form or t#pe of "irth ta/es pla%e
through the filling in of their innate nature$=jat#antara parinamah pra/riti apurat>
jat#antara ? to another t#pe of "irth
parinamah ? transition or transformation
pra/riti ? %reative %ause* su"tlest material %ause
apurat ? "# the inflow or filling in pro%ess
4$3 In%i!ental %auses or a%tions !o not lea! to the emergen%e of attainments or
reali)ation* "ut rather* %ome "# the removal of o"sta%les* mu%h li/e the wa# a farmerremoves a "arrier =slui%e gate>* so as to naturall# allow the irrigation of his fiel!$
=nimittam apra#oja/am pra/ritinam varana "he!as tu tatah /setri/avat nimittam ? in%i!ental %ause or instrument
apra#oja/am ? whi%h !o not "ring to a%tion
pra/ritinam ? %reative %ause* su"tlest material %ause varana ? o"sta%les
"he!as ? "rea/ing through* removing
tu ? "ut
tatah ? that
/setri/avat ? li/e a farmerYoga Sutras of Patanjali – Swami Jnaneshvara BharatiPage .. of 6304
mergence and master# of mind (!.!!.&)4$4 he emergent min! fiel!s springs forth from the in!ivi!ualit# of I'ness =asmita>$=nirmana %hittani asmita matrat>
impressions that %oul! pro!u%e /arma$=tatra !h#ana jam anasa#am>
tatra ? of these
!h#ana ? me!itation
jam ? "orn
anasa#am ? without store! impressions* free from /armi% vehi%les* without
!eposit of past influen%es* without laten%#
+ctions and 5arma (!.'!.)4$A he a%tions of #ogis are neither white nor "la%/* while the# are threefol! forothers$=/arma ashu/la a/risnam #oginah trivi!ham itaresam>
/arma ? a%tions stemming from the !eep impressions of sams/aras
ashu/la ? not white
a/risnam ? nor "la%/
#oginah ? of a #ogi
trivi!ham ? threefol!
itaresam ? of the others
Yoga Sutras of Patanjali – Swami Jnaneshvara BharatiPage .6 of 6304
4$ hose threefol! a%tions result in latent impressions =vasanas> that will later ariseto fruition onl# %orrespon!ing to those impressions$=tatah ta! vipa/a anugunanam eva a"hiv#a/tih vasananam>
Subconscious impressions (!.*!.1%)4$C Sin%e memor# =smriti> an! the !eep ha"it patterns =sams/aras> are the same inappearan%e* there is an un"ro/en %ontinuit# in the pla#ing out of those traits* eventhough there might "e a gap in lo%ation* time* or state of life$
=jati !esha /ala v#avahitanam api anantar#am smriti sams/ara#oh e/a rupatvat> jati ? t#pe of e+isten%e* state of life* %ategor# of in%arnation
!esha ? of lo%alit#* spa%e* pla%e
/ala ? of time* moment* point
v#avahitanam ? "eing !istin%t* separate!* in "etween* gap
api ? even* although
anantar#am ? uninterrupte! seuen%e
smriti ? of memor# sams/ara#oh ? !eep impressions* imprints in the un%ons%ious* !eepest ha"its*
su"liminal a%tivators* tra%es e/a'rupatvat ? "e%ause of their sameness* similarit# =e/a ? one rupatvat ?
formless>4$10 here is no "eginning to the pro%ess of these !eep ha"it patterns =sams/aras>*!ue to the eternal nature of the will to live$=tasam ana!itvam %ha ashisah nit#atvat>
4$1& Past an! future e+ist in the present realit#* appearing to "e !ifferent "e%ause of having !ifferent %hara%teristi%s or forms$=atita anagatam svarupatah asti a!hva "he!at !harmanam>
atita ? past
anagatam ? future
svarupatah ? in realit#* in its own form
asti ? e+ist
a!hva ? of the paths* %on!itions
"he!at ? "eing a !ifferen%e
!harmanam ? %hara%teristi%s* forms
-b@ects and the gunas (!.1!.1!)4$13 hether these ever'present %hara%teristi%s or forms are manifest or su"tle* the#are %ompose! of the primar# elements %alle! the three gunas$
=te v#a/ta su/smah guna atmanah> te ? the#* these
v#a/ta ? manifest su/smah ? su"tle
guna ? elements* prime ualities* %onstituents* attri"utes =three gunas of
sattvas* rajas* tamas>
atmanah ? the nature of* %ompose! of
4$14 he %hara%teristi%s of an o"je%t appear as a single unit* as the# manifeste!
uniforml# from the un!erl#ing elements$=parinama e/atvat vastu tattvam>
parinama ? of %hange* transformation* result* %onseuen%e* mutative effe%t*
alteration
e/atvat ? !ue to oneness* uniformit#* sameness* %oor!inate!
panthah ? paths* levels of "eing* wa#s of per%eiving
4$16 ;owever* the o"je%t itself !oes not !epen! on an# one min!* for if it !i!* then
what woul! happen to the o"je%t if it were not "eing e+perien%e! "# that min!M=na %ha e/a %hitta tantram %he! vastu tat pramana/am ta!a /im s#at>
na ? not
%ha ? an!
e/a ? one* single
%hitta ? min!* of the %ons%iousness of the min!'fiel!
tantram ? !epen!ent
%he! ? if
vastu ? a realit#* real o"je%t* e+istent
tat ? that
apramana/am ? not %ogni)e!
ta!a ? then
/im ? what
s#at ? e+ists* "e%omes
4$1A 5"je%ts are either /nown or not /nown a%%or!ing to the wa# in whi%h the
%oloring of that o"je%t falls on the %oloring of the min! o"serving it$=ta! uparaga ape/sitvat %hittas#a vastu jnata ajnatam>
ta! ? that* these* there"#
uparaga ? %oloring* %on!itioning* refle%tion
ape/sitvat ? !ue to nee!
%hittas#a ? of the min!* of the %ons%iousness of the min!'fiel!
vastu ? a realit#* real o"je%t* e+istent
jnata ? /nown
ajnatam ? un/nownYoga Sutras of Patanjali – Swami Jnaneshvara BharatiPage .C of 6304
llumination of the mind (!.1!.%1)4$1 he a%tivities of the min! are alwa#s /nown "# the pure %ons%iousness* "e%ausethat pure %ons%iousness is superior to* support of* an! master over the min!$=sa!a jnatah %hitta vritta#ah tat pra"hu purusas#a aparinamitvat>
sa!a ? alwa#s
jnatah ? are /nown
%hitta ? of the min!* of the %ons%iousness of the min!'fiel!
vritta#ah ? operations* a%tivities* flu%tuations* mo!ifi%ations* %hanges* or
various forms of the min!'fiel!
tat ? their* that
pra"hu ? master* superior* support of
purusas#a ? pure %ons%iousness
aparinamitvat ? %hangelessness* immuta"le
4$1C hat min! is not self'illuminating* as it is the o"je%t of /nowle!ge an! per%eption"# the pure %ons%iousness$=na tat sva"hasam !rish#atvat>
na ? is not
tat ? it
sva"hasam ? self illuminating =sva ? own a"hasa ? illumination>
!rish#atvat ? /nowa"ilit#
4$&0 :or %an "oth the min! an! the illuminating pro%ess "e %ogni)e! simultaneousl#$=e/a'sama#e %ha u"ha#e anava!haranam>
e/a'sama#e ? at the same time* simultaneousl# =e/a ? one sama#e ? time*
4$&1 If one min! were illumine! "# another* as its master* then there woul! "e an
en!less an! a"sur! progression of %ognitions* as well as %onfusion$=%hitta antara !rish#e "u!!hi'"u!!heh atiprasangah smriti san/arah %ha>
%hitta ? of the min!* of the %ons%iousness of the min!'fiel!
antara ? another
!rish#e ? seen* per%eive!
"u!!hi'"u!!heh ? /nower of /nowle!ge* per%eiver of per%eption
atiprasangah ? en!less* a"un!an%e* a! infinitum
smriti ? memor#* remem"ering
san/arah ? %onfusion
%ha ? an!Yoga Sutras of Patanjali – Swami Jnaneshvara BharatiPage 60 of 6304
4uddhi7 discrimination7 and liberation (!.%%!.%&)4$&& hen the un%hanging %ons%iousness appears to ta/e on the shape of that finestaspe%t of min!'fiel! =4$1>* then the e+perien%e of one9s own %ognition pro%ess ispossi"le$=%hitteh apratisam/rama#ah ta! a/ara apattau sva "u!!hi samve!anam>
%hitteh ? of the min!* of the %ons%iousness of the min!'fiel!
apratisam/rama#ah ? un%hanging* not moving
ta! ? that
a/ara ? form
apattau ? assume!* transforme! into* refle%tion
sva ? own
"u!!hi ? /nowing* /nower
samve!anam ? /nows* i!entifies* e+perien%e
4$&3 herefore* the min! fiel!* whi%h is %olore! "# "oth seer an! seen* has the
potential to per%eive an# an! all o"je%ts$=!rastri !ris#a upara/tam %hittam sarva artham>
!rastri ? seer
!ris#a ? seen
upara/tam ? %olore!
%hittam ? of the min!* of the %ons%iousness of the min!'fiel!
sarva ? an#* all
artham ? o"je%ts
4$&4 hat min! fiel!* though fille! with %ountless impressions* e+ists for the "enefit of another witnessing %ons%iousness* as the min! fiel! is operating onl# in %om"ination
with those impressions$=ta! asan/he#a vasana"hih %hittam api parartham samhat#a /aritvat>
%hittam ? of the min!* of the %ons%iousness of the min!'fiel!
4reaches in enlightenment (!.%'!.%)
4$&A hen there are "rea/s or "rea%hes in that high !is%rimination* other impressionsarise from the !eep un%ons%ious$=ta%h%hhi!resu prat#a#a antarani sams/are"h#ah>
ta%h%hhi!resu ? in the intervals* "rea/s* gaps* "etween
prat#a#a ? the %ause* the feeling* %ausal or %ognitive prin%iple* notion* %ontent
of min!* presente! i!ea* %ognition antarani ? other
sams/are"h#ah ? !eep impressions* imprints in the un%ons%ious* !eepest
ha"its* su"liminal a%tivators* tra%es4$& he removal of those interfering thought patterns is "# the same means "# whi%hthe original %olorings were remove!$=hanam esam /leshavat u/tam>
hanam ? removal esam ? their
/leshavat ? li/e the previous %olorings
u/tam ? as has "een !es%ri"e!Yoga Sutras of Patanjali – Swami Jnaneshvara BharatiPage 6& of 6304
Perpetual enlightenment (!.%*!./)4$&C hen there is no longer an# interest even in omnis%ien%e* that !is%rimination
allows the sama!hi* whi%h "rings an a"un!an%e of virtues li/e a rain %lou! "rings rain$=prasan/h#ane api a/usi!as#a sarvatha vive/a /h#ateh !harma'meghah sama!hih>
prasan/h#ane ? highest /nowle!ge* omnis%ien%e
api ? even a/usi!as#a ? having no interest remaining
no3ables become fe3 (!.1)4$31 hen* "# the removal of those veils of imperfe%tion* there %omes the e+perien%eof the infinite* an! the reali)ation that there is almost nothing to "e /nown$=ta!a sarva avarana mala apetas#a jnanas#a anant#at jne#am alpam>
ta!a ? then
sarva ? all
avarana ? veils* %overings
mala ? imperfe%tions
apetas#a ? remove!
jnanas#a ? /nowle!ge
anant#at ? infinite
jne#am ? to "e /nown
alpam ? little* almost nothingYoga Sutras of Patanjali – Swami Jnaneshvara BharatiPage 63 of 6304
Aunas and liberation or aial#a (!.%!.!)4$3& @lso resulting from that !harma'meghah sama!hi =4$&C>* the three primar#elements or gunas =4$13'4$14> will have fulfille! their purpose* %ease to transform into
further transformations* an! re%e!e "a%/ into their essen%e$=tatah /ritarthanam parinama /rama samaptih gunanam>
tatah ? then* "# that
/rita ? fulfille!
arthanam ? purpose
parinama ? transition* transformation* of %hange* result* %onseuen%e*
mutative effe%t* alteration =&$1.* 3$C'3$16>
/rama ? seuen%e* su%%ession* or!er =3$1.>
samaptih ? terminate* en!
gunanam ? elements* prime ualities* %onstituents* attri"utes =three gunas of
sattvas* rajas* tamas>4$33 he seuen%ing pro%ess of moments an! impressions %orrespon!s to themoments of time* an! is apprehen!e! at the en! point of the seuen%e$=/sana prati#ogi parinama aparanta nigrah#ah /ramah>
/sana ? moments
prati#ogi ? uninterrupte! su%%ession
parinama ? transition* transformation* of %hange* result* %onseuen%e*
/ramah ? su%%ession* pro%ess* %ourse* or!er* series
4$34 hen those primar# elements involve* or resolve themselves "a%/ into that outof whi%h the# emerge!* there %omes li"eration* wherein the power of pure%ons%iousness "e%omes esta"lishe! in its true nature$