Yearly Lp Physics f4 2012

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Sekolah Tinggi Kota KinabaluKota Kinabalu, Sabah

YEARLY SCHEME OF WORK

FORM 4 PHYSICS 2012

Date/ Week Learning Objective Learning Outcomes Suggested activities NotesW102 – 06 JAN 2012

1.1Understanding Physics

A student is able to:

• Explain what physics is

• Recognize the physics ineveryday objects and naturalphenomena

Observe everyday objects such asa table, a pencil, a mirror etc anddiscuss how they are related to physicsconcepts.

View a video on natural phenomenaand discuss how they are related tophysics concepts.

Discuss fields of study in physicssuch as forces, motion, heat, lightetc.

LEARNING AREA 1INTRODUCTION TO PHYSICS

W102 – 06 JAN 2012

1.2Understanding basequantities and derivedquantities

• Explain what base quantitiesand derived quantities are

• List base quantities and their units

• List some derived quantities andtheir units

• Express quantities usingprefixes

• Express quantities usingscientific notation

• Express derived quantities aswell as their units in terms of base quantities and base units

• Solve problems involvingconversion of units

Discuss base quantities and derivedquantities.

From a text passage, identify physicalquantities then classify them into basequantities and derived quantities.

List the value of prefixes and their abbreviations from nano to giga,e.g. nano (10-9), nm (nanometer).

Discuss the use of scientific notation toexpress large and small numbers.

Determine the base quantities (andunits) in a given derived quantity (andunit) from the related formula.

Solve problems that involve theconversion of units.

Base quantities are;

length ( l ), mass (m),

time (t), temperature(T ), and current (I )



Date/ Week Learning Objective Learning Outcomes Suggested activities NotesW209 – 13 JAN 2012

1.3Understanding scalar andvector quantities

• Define scalar and vector quantities

• Give examples of scalar

and vector quantities

Carry out activities to show thatsome quantities can be defined bymagnitude only whereas other

quantities need to be defined bymagnitude as well as direction.

Compile a list of scalar and vector quantities.

W316 – 20 JAN 2012

1.4Understandingmeasurements

• Measure physical quantitiesusing appropriate instruments

• Explain accuracy andconsistency

• Explain sensitivity

• Explain types of experimental error

• Use appropriate techniques to

reduce errors

Choose the appropriate instrument for agiven measurement.

Discuss consistency and accuracyusing the distribution of gunshotson a target as an example.

Discuss the sensitivity of variousinstruments.

Demonstrate through examplessystematic errors and random errors.

Discuss what systematic and randomerrors are.

Use appropriate techniques toreduce error in measurementssuch as repeating measurementsto find the average andcompensating for zero error.

W423 – 27 JAN 2012

1.5 Analysing scientificinvestigations

• Identify variables in a givensituation

• Identify a question suitable for scientific investigation

• Form a hypothesis

• Design and carry out a simpleexperiment to test thehypothesis

• Record and present data in asuitable form

Observe a situation and suggestquestions suitable for a scientificinvestigation. Discuss to:

a) identify a question suitable for scientific investigationb) identify all the variablesc) form a hypothesisd) plan the method of

Experiment 1:To determinerelationship betweenweight of the load andextension of the spring

Scientific skills areapplied throughout.



Date/ Week Learning Objective Learning Outcomes Suggested activities Notes

• Interpret data to draw aconclusion

• Write a report of the

investigation

investigation includingselection of apparatus andwork procedures

Carry out an experiment and:

a) collect and tabulate datab) present data in a suitable formc) interpret the data and drawconclusionsd) write a complete report PeKA

LEARNING AREA 2FORCES AND MOTION

W530 JAN – 03 FEB2012

2.1 Analysing linear motion

• Define distance anddisplacement

• Define speed and velocity and

state the s

vt

=

• Define acceleration and

deceleration and state that

v ua

t

−=

• Calculate speed and velocity

• Calculate acceleration/deceleration

• Solve problems on linear motionwith uniform acceleration using

i. v u at = +

ii.21

2 s ut at = +

iii. 2 2 2v u as= +

Carry out activities to gain an ideaof:

a) distance and displacement.b) speed and velocityc) acceleration and deceleration

Carry out activities using a datalogger/graphing calculator/ ticker timer to:

a) identify when a body is atrest, moving with uniformvelocity or non-uniformvelocity

b) determine displacement,

velocity and acceleration.

Solve problems using thefollowing equations of motion:a) v = u + at b) s = ut + ½ at2 c) v2 = u2 + 2as

Experiment 2:To determine

displacement, average

velocity andacceleration

W606 – 10 FEB 2012

2.2 Analysing motion graphs

• plot and interpret displacement-time and velocity-time graphs

Carry out activities using a datalogger/graphing calculator/ticker

Reminder:Velocity is determined




• deduce from the shape of adisplacement-time graph whena body is;

i. at restii. moving with uniform

velocityiii. moving with non-uniform

velocity

• determine distance,displacement, velocity andacceleration from a velocity-time graph

• solve problems on linear motion with uniformacceleration

timer to plota) displacement-time graphsb) velocity-time graphs

Describe and interpret:a) displacement-time andb) velocity-time graphs

Determine distance, displacement,velocity and acceleration fromdisplacement-time and velocity timegraphs.

Solve problems on linear motion with uniformacceleration involving graphs.

from the gradient of displacement-timegraph

Acceleration isdetermined from thegradient of velocity-timegraph

Distance is determinedfrom the area under adisplacement-timegraph

W713 – 17 FEB 2012

2.3Understanding inertia

explain what inertia is

• relate mass to inertia

• give examples of situations involving inertia

• suggest ways to reducethe negative effects of inertia

Carry out activities/view computer simulations /situations to gain anidea on inertia.

Carry out activities to find out therelationship between inertia andmass.

Research and report ona) the positive effects of inertiab) ways to reduce the negativeeffects of inertia

Newton’s First Law of Motion:Every object continuesin its state of rest or of

uniform motion unless it is acted upon by an

external force

W8

20 – 24 FEB 2012

2.4

Analysing momentum

• define the momentum of an

object

• define momentum ( p) as the

product of mass (m) and

velocity (v ) i.e. p mv=

• state the principle of conservation of momentum

• describe applications of conservation of momentum

• solve problems involving

Carry out activities/view computer

simulations to gain an idea of momentum by comparing theeffect of stopping two objects:a) of the same mass moving atdifferent speedsb) of different masses moving atthe same speed.

Discuss momentum as theproduct of mass and velocity.

Momentum as a vector

quantity needs to beemphasized in problemsolving




momentumView computer simulations oncollisions and explosions to gain

an idea on the conservation of momentum.

Conduct an experiment to showthat the total momentum of aclosed system is a constant.Carry out activities thatdemonstrate the conservation of momentum e.g. water rockets.

Research and report onthe applications of conservation of momentum such as in rockets or jet engines.

Solve problems involving linear momentum.

W927 FEB – 02 MAC2012

2.5Understanding the effects of a force

• describe the effects of balanced forces acting on anobject

• Describe the effects of unbalanced forces acting on anobject

• Determine the relationship

between force, mass and

acceleration i. e. F ma=

• Solve problems using

F ma=

With the aid of diagrams, describethe forces acting on an object:a) at restb) moving at constant velocityc) accelerating.

Conduct experiments to find therelationship between:a) acceleration and mass of anobject under constant force

b) acceleration and force for aconstant mass.

Solve problems using F = ma.

Newton Second Law of Motion:When the forces acting

on an object arebalanced they cancel each other out (nett

force = 0). The object behaves as there is no

force acting on it

W1119 – 23 MAC 2012

2.6 Analysing impulse andimpulsive force

• Explain what an impulsiveforce is

• Give examples of situations involving impulsiveforces

View computer simulations of collisions and explosions to gainan idea on impulsive forces.

Discussa) impulse as change in




• Define impulse as a

change of momentum, i.e.

Ft mv mu= −

• define impulsive force as

the rate of change of momentum in a collision or

explosion, i.e.mv mu

F t

−=

• Explain the effect of

increasing or decreasing timeof impact on the magnitude of

the impulsive force.

• Describe situations wherean impulsive force needs to bereduced and suggest ways toreduce it

• Describe situations wherean impulsive force is beneficial

• Solve problems involvingimpulsive forces

momentumb) an impulsive force as the rate of change of momentum in a

collision or explosion,c) how increasing or decreasingtime of impact affects themagnitude of the impulsiveforce.

Research and report situationswhere:a) an impulsive force needs to bereduced and how it can be doneb) an impulsive force is beneficialSolve problems involvingimpulsive forces.

W1119 – 23 MAC 2012

2.7Being aware of the need for safety features in vehicles

• Describe the importanceof safety features in vehicles

Research and report on thephysics of vehicle collisions andsafety features in vehicles in termsof physics concepts.

Discuss the importance of safetyfeatures in vehicles.

W1226 – 30 MAC 2012

2.8Understanding gravity

• Explain acceleration due to thegravity

• State what a gravitational fieldis

• Define gravitational fieldstrength

• Determine the value of acceleration due to gravity

• Define weight (W ) as the

Carry out an activity or view computer simulations to gain an idea of acceleration due to gravity.

Discussa) acceleration due to gravity.b) a gravitational field as a regionin which an object experiencesa force due to gravitationalattraction

When considering abody falling freely, g (=9.8 m s-2) is itsacceleration but when itis at rest, g (=9.8 N kg-1)is the earth’sgravitational

The weight of anobject of fixed mass



Date/ Week Learning Objective Learning Outcomes Suggested activities Notesproduct of mass (m) andacceleration due to gravity (g)

i.e. W mg =

• Solve problems involvingacceleration due to gravity

c) gravitational field strength (g)as gravitational force per unit mass.

Carry out an activity to determine thevalue of acceleration due to gravity.

Discuss weight as the Earth’sgravitational force on an object.

Solve problems involving accelerationdue to gravity.

is dependent on the g exerted on it.

W1302 – 06 APR 2012

2.9 Analysing forces inequilibrium

• Describe situations whereforces are equilibrium

• State what a resultant force is

• Add two forces to determinethe resultant force

• Resolve a force into theeffective component forces

• Solve problems involvingforces in equilibrium

With the aid of diagrams, describesituations where forces are inequilibrium, e.g. a book at rest ona table, an object at rest on an inclinedplane.

With the aid of diagrams, discussthe resolution and addition of forces todetermine the resultant force.

Solve problems involving forces inequilibrium (limited to 3 forces).

W1409 – 13 APR 2012

2.10Understanding work, energy,power and efficiency

• Define work (W ) as a product

of an applied force (F ) anddisplacement (s) of an object inthe direction of the applied

force i.e. W Fs=

• state that when work is done

energy is transferred from oneobject to another

• define kinetic energy and state

that21

2k E mv=

• define gravitational potential

energy and state that

Observe and discuss situations wherework is done.

Discuss that no work is donewhen:a) a force is applied but nodisplacement occurs

b) an object undergoes a displacementwith no applied force acting on it.

Give examples to illustrate howenergy is transferred from one object toanother when work is done.

Have students recall thedifferent forms of energy




p E mgh=

• state the principle of

conservation of energy• define power and state that

W P

t =

• expain what efficiency of adevice is

• sove problems involving work,energy, power and efficiency

W1409 – 13 APR 2012

2.11 Appreciating the importanceof maximixing the efficiencyof devices

• Recognize the importanceof maximising efficiency of devices in conservingresources

Discuss that when an energytransformation takes place, not all of theenergy is used to do useful work.

Some is converted into heat or other types of energy.

Maximising efficiency duringenergy transformations makes the bestuse of the available energy.This helps to conserve resources.

W1516 – 20 APR 2012

2.12Understanding elasticity

Define elasticity

Define Hooke’s Law

• Define elastical potential

energy and state that

21

2 p E kx=

• Determine the factors thataffect elasticity

• Describe applications of elasticity

• Solve problems involvingelasticity

Carry out activities to gain an idea onelasticity.

Plan and conduct an experimentto find the relationship between forceand extension of a spring.

Relate work done to elastic potentialenergy to obtain Ep=½kx 2 .

Describe and interpret forceextensiongraphs.

Investigate the factors that affectelasticity.

Research and report on



Date/ Week Learning Objective Learning Outcomes Suggested activities Notesapplications of elasticity.

Solve problems involving

elasticity.PeKA

LEARNING AREA 3FORCES AND PRESSURE

W1623 – 27 APR 2012

3.1Understanding pressure

• Define pressure and state that

F P

A=

• Describe applications of pressure

• Solve problems involvingpressure

Observe and describe the effect of a force acting over a large areacompared to a small area, e.g. schoolshoes versus high heeled shoes.

Discuss pressure as force per unit area.Research and report on applications of pressure.

Solve problems involving pressure.

Unit of pressure pascal(Pa)

(Pa = N m-2)

W1730 APR – 04 MAY2012

3.2Understanding pressure inliquids

• Relate depth to pressure in aliquid

• Relate density to pressure in aliquid

• Describe applications of pressure in liquids

• Explain pressure in liquids and

state that P h g ρ =

• Describe applications of pressure in liquids

• Solve problems involvingpressure in liquids

Observe situations to form ideasthat pressure in liquids:a) acts in all directionsb) increases with depth

Observe situations to form the idea thatpressure in liquids increases withdensity.

Relate depth (h), density (? ) andgravitational field strength (g ) topressure in liquids to obtain P=h? g.

Research and report ona) the applications of pressure inliquidsb) ways to reduce the negative effectsof pressure in liquids.

Solve problems involving pressurein liquids.

W1807 – 11 MAY 2012

3.3Understanding gas pressure

Explain gas pressure

• Explain atmospheric pressure

Carry out activities to gain an ideaof gas pressure and atmospheric






Solve problem involving Archimedes’ principle

investigate the relationshipbetween the weight of water displaced and the buoyant force.

Discuss buoyancy in terms of:

a) an object that is totally or partially submerged in a fluidexperiences a buoyant forceequal to the weight of fluiddisplacedb) the weight of a freely floatingobject being equal to theweight of fluid displacedc) a floating object has a densityless than or equal to the density of thefluid in which it is floating.

Research and report on the applicationsof Archimedes’ principle, e.g.submarines, hydrometers, hot-air balloons.

Solve problems involving Archimedes’ principle.

Build a cartesian diver. Discusswhy the diver can be made to move upand down.

buoyant force

W2325 – 29 JUN 2012

3.6Understanding Bernoulli’s

principle

• State Bernoulli’s principle

• Explain that a resultant force

exists due to a difference influid pressure

• Describe applications of Bernoulli’s principle

• Solve problem involvingBernoulli’s principle

Carry out activities to gain the ideathat when the speed of a flowing

fluid increases its pressure decreases.e.g. blowing above astrip of paper, blowing throughstraw between two ping-pong ballssuspended on strings.

Discuss Bernoulli’s princple.Carry out activities to show that aresultant force exists due to adifference in fluid pressure.




View a computer simulation to observeair flow over an aerofoil to gain an idea

on lifting force.

Research and report on the applicationsof Bernoulli’s principle.

Solve problems involvingBernoulli’s principle.

PeKA

LEARNING AREA 4HEAT

W2402 – 06 JUL 2012

4.1Understanding thermalequilibrium

• Explain thermal equilibrium

• Explain how a liquid-in-glassthermometer works

Carry out activities to show thatthermal equilibrium is a conditionin which there is no nett heat flowbetween two objects in thermal contact.

Use the liquid-in-glassthermometer to explain how thevolume of a fixed mass of liquidmay be used to define a temperaturescale.

W2509 – 13 JUL 2012

4.2Understanding specific heatcapacity

• Define specific heat capacity

(c )

• State thatQ

cmθ

=

• Determine the specific heatcapacity of a liquid

• Determine the specific heatcapacity of a solid

• Describe applications of specific heat capacity

• Solve problems involvingspecific heat capacity

Observe the change intemperature when:

a) the same amount of heat is used toheat different masses of water.b) the same amount of heat is used toheat the same mass of different liquids.

Discuss specific heat capacity.

Plan and carry out an activity todetermine the specific heatcapacity of a) a liquidb) a solid

Research and report on applications of specific heatcapacity.

Heat capacity onlyrelates to a particular object whereas specificheat capacity relates toa material.

Guide students toanalyse the unit of c asJ Kg-1K-1 or JKg-1°C-1




Solve problems involving specific heatcapacity.

W2616 – 20 JUL 2012 4.3Understanding specificlatent heat

• State the transfer of heatduring a change of phase doesnot cause a change intemperature

• Define specific latent heat ( l )

• State thatQ

m=l

• Determine the specific latentheat of fusion

• Determine the specific latentheat of vaporization

• Solve problems involving

specific latent heat

Carry out an activity to show thatthere is no change in temperaturewhen heat is supplied to:a) a liquid at its boiling point.b) a solid at its melting point.

With the aid of a cooling and heatingcurve, discuss melting, solidification,boiling and condensation as processesinvolving energy transfer without achange in temperature.

Discussa) latent heat in terms of molecular behaviour.b) specific latent heat.

Plan and carry out an activity todetermine the specific latent heatof:c) fusiond) vaporisation

Solve problems involving specificlatent heat.

Guide students to

analyse the unit of l as

J Kg-1

W2723 – 27 JUL 2012

4.4Understanding the gas laws

• Explain gas pressure,temperature and volume in

terms of the behaviour of gasmolecules

• Determin the relationship

between pressure and volumeat constant temperature for afixed mass of gas i.e.

constant pV =


between volume and

Use a model or view computer simulations on the behaviour of

molecules of a fixed mass of gasto gain an idea about gas pressure,temperature and volume.

Discuss gas pressure, volume andtemperature in terms of the behaviour of molecules based on the kinetic theory.

Plan and carry out an experimenton a fixed mass of gas to



Date/ Week Learning Objective Learning Outcomes Suggested activities Notestemperature at constantpressure for a fixed mass of

gas i. e. constant

V

T =


between pressure andtemperature at constantvolume for fixed mass of gas

i.e. constant p

T =

• Explain absolute zero

• Explain the absolute/Kelvinscale of temperature

• Solve problems involving

pressure, temperature andvolume of a fixed mass of gas

determine the relationshipbetween:a) pressure and volume at

constant temperatureb) volume and temperature atconstant pressurec) pressure and temperature atconstant volume

Extrapolate P-T and V-T graphs or view computer simulations to show thatwhen pressure and volume are zero thetemperature on a P-T and V-T graph is-273ºC.

Discuss absolute zero and the Kelvinscale of temperature.

Solve problems involving the pressure,temperature and volume of a fixedmass of gas. PeKA

LEARNING AREA 5LIGHT

W2830 JUL – 03 AUG2012

5.1Understanding reflection of light

• Describe the characteristics of the image formed by reflectionof light

• State the laws of reflection of light

• Draw ray diagram to show theposition and characteristics of

the image formed by ai. plane mirror ii. convex mirror iii. concave mirror

• describe applications of reflection of light

• solve problems involvingreflection of light

• construct a device a based onthe application of reflection of

Observe the image formed in a planemirror. Discuss that theimage is:a) as far behind the mirror as theobject is in front and the line joining the object and image isperpendicular to the mirror,

b) the same size as the object,c) virtual,d) laterally inverted.

Discuss the laws of reflection.

Draw ray diagrams to determinethe position and characteristics of the image formed by aa) plane mirror,



Date/ Week Learning Objective Learning Outcomes Suggested activities Noteslight b) convex mirror,

c) concave mirror.

Research and report on applications of reflection of light.

Solve problems involving reflection of light.

Construct a device based on theapplication of reflection of light.

W2906 – 10 AUG

20122011&W3127 – 31 AUG 2012

5.2Understanding refraction of light

• explain refraction of light

• define refraction index as

sin

sin

in

r =

• determine the refractive indexof a glass or Perspex block

• state the refractive index, n, as

speed of light in vacuum

speed of light in medium

• describe phenomena due torefraction

• solve problems involving therefraction of light

Observe situations to gain an idea onrefraction.

Conduct an experiment to find therelationship between the angle of incidence and angle of refraction to

obtain Snell’s law.Carry out an activity to determinethe refractive index of a glass or perspex block.

Discuss the refractive index, n, asspeed of light ina mediumspeed of light inavacuum.Research and report onphenomena due to refraction, e.g.apparent depth, the twinkling of stars.

Carry out activities to gain an ideaof apparent depth. With the aid of diagrams, discuss real depth andapparent depth.

Solve problems involving the refractionof light.

W3203 – 07 SEPT

5.3Understanding total internal

• explain total internal reflectionof light

Carry out activities to show theeffect of increasing the angle of



Date/ Week Learning Objective Learning Outcomes Suggested activities Notes2012 reflection of light

• define critical angle (c )

• relate the critical angle to the

refractive index i.e. 1sin

nc

=

• describe natural phenomenoninvolving total internal reflection

• solve problems involving totalinternal reflection

incidence on the angle of refractionwhen light travels from a denser medium to a less dense medium to gain

an idea about total internal reflectionand to obtain the critical angle.

Discuss with the aid of diagrams:a) total internal reflection and criticalangle.b) the relationship between criticalangle and refractive index.

W3310 -14 SEPT 2012

5.4Understanding lenses

• explain focal point and focallength

• determine the focal point andfocal length of convex lens

• determine the focal point andfocal lenth of a concave lens

• draw ray diagrams to show thepositions and characteristics of the images formed by a convexlens

• draw ray diagrams to show thepositions and characteristics of images formed by a concavelens

• define magnification as

vm

u=

• relate focal length (f ) to theobject distance (u) and image

distance (v ), i.e.1 1 1

f u v= +

• describe the use of lenses inoptical devices

• construct an optical device thatuses lenses

Research and report ona) natural phenomenon involvingtotal internal reflectionc) the applications of total internalreflection, e.g. in telecommunicationusing fibre optics.

Solve problems involving total internalreflection.




• solve problems involving tolenses

PeKA

Yearly Lp Physics f4 2012

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