NATIONAL STATISTICAL OFFICE OF MONGOLIA
MONGOLIAN STATISTICAL YEARBOOK 2005(2005 ). (Several data for
2005 are preliminary).
ULAANBAATAR 2006
DDC 310 517 M-666
, : ., .
Printing design by: G.Batbuyan, D.Enkhzaya
: III , -319, - 20 , : 322424 : (976 -11) - 324518 - : nso@
magicnet. mn, : http: // www. nso.mn
Address: Government Buildiing III, Room-319, Ulaanbaatar-20 a,
Mongolia Phone: 322424 Fax: (976 -11) - 324518 E- mail : nso@
magicnet. mn, Internet: http: // www. nso.mn
ISBN 99929 - 0 - 700 - 2 , . All rights reserved.
, 1960 . , . , . , , , , . 2005 , , , , , , , , , , 10000 , , ,
, , . , 1998-2002 , XX , , , , , , , /2002-2003 /, , /2004 /, /
2003 /, . . , , . , , . : , , 44, III , E-mail: [email protected]
Website: http://www.nso.mn : 976-11-324518 : 976-11-322424
3
PREFACE The National Statistical Office has been producing the
Statistical Yearbook of Mongolia since 1960. The Statistical
Yearbook shows social and economic indicators of Mongolia. In
correspondence with the development of the socio-economic situation
of Mongolia the extent and frame of indicators for the yearbook are
expanding. Statistical indicators have been innovated and updated
step by step in conformity with the international standards. In
order to expand the users frame, made the yearbook user-friendly
main indicators methodology and explanations have been added in the
each previous section. Moreover, number of indicators has
significantly risen as well as some indicators were shown in more
comprehensive manner. In Statistical yearbook 2005, indicators such
as selection of Presidential election, number of civil servants and
their average salaries and wages by state classifications and by
aimags as well as city, number of staff who has scientific degrees,
public libraries and cultural centers, number of patients who has
cancers, death rates per 10000 population, involvement of children
up to one year for the precaution injection and the number of
prisoners are added in detail. In addition, yearly statistical
books 1998-2002, Population of Mongolia in the XX century, social
and economic monthly bulletins and introductions, 2002-2003 joint
report from sample surveys on labor force, child labor and
household income, expenditure and livelihood, 2004 one-time
registration of and sample survey on handicapped citizens, 2003
reproduction health survey and the result from livestock census
were published at market for public use. Also, special book has
been published based on the result of livestock census, which
defines the scope of animal husbandry that is one of the main
economic sectors of Mongolia. Moreover, it is pleasant to mention
that all users can obtain data on main indicators of socio-economic
situation from our website using Internet connections. We would
appreciate if you send your comments how to improve statistical
bulletins and statistical data of interest on the following
address: Address: Government building III Baga toiruu 44,
Sukhbaatar district, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia E-mail: [email protected]
Website: http://www.nso.mn Fax: 976-11-324518 Phone:
976-11-322424
4
1. , 1.1 , , , 1.2 , 1.3 1.4 1.5 2. 2.1 2.2 , 2.3 , 2.4 , 2.5 3.
3.1 , , , , 3.2 , , , 3.3 , , , , 3.4 , , , , , 3.5 , , , 3.6 , , ,
, , , 3.7 , , , , 3.8 , , , , 3.9 16 4 , , , , 3.10 , , , , 3.11 16
, , , , , 3.12 , , , , 3.13 1000 , , , , 3.14 , , 3.15 , , , , , ,
, , 2005 3.16 1000 , , , , , , , , 2005 3.17 , , , 3.18 , 3.19 , ,
, , , , , 2005 3.20 , , 3.21 , , , , 3.22 , , 3.23 , , , , , , ,
2005 3.24 1000 , , , , 3.25 , , 3.26 1000 , , , , 3.27 , , 3.28 , ,
, , , , , 2005 3.29 , 4 13 37 53 54 56 57 58 58 58 59 61 62 63 63
63 64 68 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 78 78 79 80 81 81 82 82
83 83 84 85 85 86 87 88 89
5
3.30 , , , 3.31 , , 3.32 , , 4. 4.1 , 4.2 , , 4.3 , , , , 4.4 ,
, , , 4.5 , , , , , , 4.6 , , , 4.7 , 4.8 , 4.9 , 4.10 , 4.11 , , ,
, 1 1- 4.12 , , 1 1- 4.13 , , 1 1- 5. 5.1 , , 5.2 , , 2000 5.3 5.4
, , 5.5 , 5.6. , 5.7 , 5.8 5.9 , , , 6. 6.1 , , , 1991-1-16=100 6.2
, , , , XII=100 6.3 , , , 6.4 , 6.5 , , 2000-XII=100 6.6 , 7. , ,
7.1 7.2 , 7.3 , 7.4 , , 7.5 , , , 7.6 , , , 7.7 , , , 7.8 7.9
89 90 90 93 95 96 97 98 99 105 107 107 108 108 109 109 110 111
113 114 115 115 116 117 117 118 119 120 , 2000122 123 124 125 127
128 130 132 132 132 133 135 137 138 138
6
7.10 2005 30 7.11 2005 30 , 8. 8.1 , , 8.2 , , 8.3 , , 8.4 , ,
8.5 , , 8.6 , , 8.7 , , , 8.8 , , , 8.9 , , , 8.10 , , , 8.11 , ,
9. , 9.1 , , , 9.2 , , 9.3 , 9.4 , 9.5 , , , , 9.6 9.7 , , 2005 10.
10.1 10.2 - 10.3 10.4 , 10.5 , , , , , 10.6 , , , , , 10.7 , , 10.8
, , , 10.9 , , 10.10 , , 10.11 , , 10.12 , 2005 , , 10.13 , , , ,
10.14 *, 10.15 , , , , 10.16 10.17 10.18 , , , , 2005 10.19 10.20
10.21 , , 10.22 ,
139 140 141 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 151 152 154 156
156 156 157 158 158 159 160 162 162 163 163 164 170 172 172 173 173
174 175 177 177 178 178 179 179 180 180 181 181
7
10.23 10.24 , 10.25 , , , , 10.26 , 10.27 , 10.28 , , , , 10.29
, , , , 10.30 , , 10.31 , , , , 11. 11.1 , , , 11.2 , , 11.3 , ,
11.4 , , , 2000 11.5 , , , 11.6 11.7 ( ), , , 2000 11.8 11.9 11.10
12. 12.1 , 12.2 , 12.3 , , 12.4 12.5 1000 2 , 1 , 12.6 12.7 , , 13.
, 13.1 , 13.2 , , 13.3 , , , 14. 14.1 , , 14.2 , , 14.3 , , 14.4 ,
, , 14.5 14.6 14.7 , 14.8 , 14.9 , 14.10 , 14.11 , 14.12 , , , *
14.13
181 182 183 188 188 189 193 195 195 201 203 204 205 206 207 208
210 213 214 215 216 218 218 219 220 220 220 220 221 223 224 224 225
229 230 231 232 233 234 238 239 240 241 241 242 244
8
15. 15.1 , , , 16. , 16.1 16.2 , , , , 17. 17.1 , , 17.2 , , ,
2005 17.3 , 17.4 2005 , , 17.5 , , , 2005 18. , , 18.1 , 18.2 18.3
, 18.4 18.5 , 18.6 , 18.7 , , , 18.8 " " , , 18.9 " " 18.10 " " 19.
, , , 19.1 , 19.2 , 19.3 , 19.4 , 19.5 19.6 , , , , 19.7 , , , 19.8
, , , 19.9 , , , 19.10 , , , 19.11 , , , 19.12 1- , , ,
245 247 248 250 251 253 255 256 257 257 258 259 261 261 262 262
263 263 264 265 269 271 272 276 276 277 277 278 279 280 281 282 283
284 285
9
19.13 , , , 19.14 , , 19.15 , 1000 19.16 , , , , 2005-2006 19.17
, , , , 19.18 , , , , 19.19 19.20 19.21 19.22 19.23 , 19.24 , , ,
19.25 , , 19.26 , , , 19.27 , , , 19.28 , , , , 19.29 , , , , 19.30
, , , 19.31 , , , 19.32 , , , , 19.33 , , , , 19.34 , , , , 19.35 ,
, , , 19.36 , , , , 19.37 , 20. , , 20.1 20.2 , 20.3 , 20.4 , , ,
20.5 , , , 20.6 , 20.7 , , , 20.8 , , 20.9 , , , 20.10 , , , ,
20.11 , , , , , , 2005 20.12 *, , 20.13 ( 1000 ), , , 20.14 , , ,
20.15 *, , , 20.16 20.17 10000 , 10 20.18 10000 , , 20.19 10000 ,
20.20 10000 , , ,
286 287 287 288 289 290 290 291 291 292 292 293 293 294 295 296
297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 304 305 307 307 308 309 310 311 311
312 313 314 315 317 318 319 320 320 321 322 322 323
10
20.21 3 6 , , , , 2005 20.22 0-1 , , 2005 20.23 , 20.24 , 20.25
, , , , 21. 21.1 , 21.2 21.3 , , , 21.4 , , , 21.5 , 21.6 , 21.7
18- 10000 22. 22.1 , , 22.2 22.3 , 1989 22.4 , , , 22.5 , , 22.6 ,
, , , 22.7 , , , 22.8 , 22.9 2006 , , , , , 22.10 , , 1998 22.11
22.12 , , , , 2003 22.13 , , , , 2005 22.14 , , 2005 22.15 22.16 ,
* 23. 23.1 , , 23.2 , , 23.3 , , 23.4 , , 23.5 , , 23.6 , , 24.
24.1 , , , , , 24.2 , , , 24.3 , , ,
324 325 326 327 327 328 330 330 331 332 332 333 333 335 337 338
338 339 340 341 342 343 344 344 345 346 347 348 348 349 351 353 353
354 354 355 355 356 358 359 360
11
24.4 , , , , 24.5 , , , 24.6 , , , 24.7 , , , 24.8 , , , 25.
25.1 , 2004 25.2 , - 25.3 2004 , 25.4 , 25.5 - , 25.6 - , 25.7 ,
25.8 ,
360 361 361 362 362 363 363 367 368 369 370 371 372 373
12
CONTENTS Preface Contents Overview MAIN INDICATORS SECTION 1.
ADMINISTRATIVE UNITS AND TERRITORY 1.1 Administrative units, by
regions, aimags and the Capital 1.2 Distance between the cities, km
1.3 Mountains 1.4 Rivers 1.5 LakesSECTION 2. ELECTION 2.1 Popular
vote cast Mongolian president
4 13 37 53 55 56 57 58 58 58 60 61 62 63 63 63 66 68 68 69 70 71
72 73 74 75 76 77 78 78 78 79 80 81 81 82 82 83 83 84 85 85
2.2 Election of state great hural and local citizens' hural 2.3
Members of state great hural, by age group 2.4 Members of state
great hural, by professions 2.5 Voters participation SECTION 3.
POPULATION 3.1 Resident population, by sex, urban and rural, at the
end of the year 3.2 Resident population, by age group and sex, at
the end of the year 3.3 Resident population, by regions, aimags and
the Capital, at the end of the year 3.4 Percentage of resident
population, proportion of urban and rural, by regions, aimags and
the Capital, at the end of the year 3.5 Number of households, by
regions, aimags and the Capital, at the end of the year 3.6 Number
of households, by regions, aimags and the Capital, urban and rural,
at the end of the year 3.7 Number of orphan children, by regions,
aimags and the Capital, at the end of the year 3.8 Number of single
parent children, by regions, aimags and the Capital, at the end of
the year 3.9 Number of households with 4 and more children aged
below 16, by regions, aimags and the Capital, at the end of the
year 3.10 Number of female-headed households, by regions, aimags
and the Capital, at the end of the year 3.11 Single woman, with
children aged below 16, by regions, aimags and the Capital, at the
end of the year 3.12 Births, deaths, marriages and divorces, at the
end of the year 3.13 Births, deaths, marriages, divorces, per 1000
population, at the end of the year 3.14 Birth rates, by age group,
at the end of the year 3.15 Births, deaths, marriages, divorces and
adoption, by regions, aimags and the Capital, in 2005 3.16 Births,
deaths, marriages, divorces and adoptions per 1000 population, by
regions, aimags and the Capital, in 2005 3.17 Life expectancy at
birth, by regions, aimags and the Capital 3.18 Life expectancy at
birth, by sex 3.19 Number of births, by sex, regions, aimags and
the Capital, urban and rural, in 2005 3.20 Number of live births,
by mother's age group, at the end of the year 3.21 Number of women
who give births, by regions, aimags and the Capital, at the end of
the year 3.22 Women who give births, by educational level, at the
end of the year 3.23 Number of women who give births, by marital
status, regions, aimags and the Capital, urban and rural, in 2005
3.24 Crude birth rate, by regions, aimags and the Capital, at the
end of the year 3.25 Number of people died, by educational level,
at the end of the year
13
3.26 Crude death rate, by regions, aimags and the Capital, at
the end of the year 3.27 Number of people died, by age group, sex,
at the end of the year 3.28 Number of people died, by sex, regions,
aimags and the Capital, urban and rural, in 2005 3.29 Age specific
death rate, at the end of the year 3.30 Registered marriages, by
sex and age group, at the end of the year 3.31 Divorce, by duration
of marriage, at the end of the year 3.32 Adoption, by child age
group, at the end of the year SECTION 4. LABOUR FORCE 4.1
Employment, at the end of the year 4.2 Employees, by divisions, at
the end of the year 4.3 Economically active population, by region,
aimags and the Capital, at the end of the year 4.4 Employees, by
region, aimags and the Capital, at the end of the year 4.5
Unemployment, by sex, educational level, by regions, aimags and the
Capital, at the end of the year 4.6 Unemployment rate, by regions,
aimags and the Capital 4.7 Annual average wages and salaries, by
divisions 4.8 Annual average wages and salaries, by type of legal
status 4.9 Annual average wages and salaries, by classification of
occupation 4.10 Annual average wages and salaries, by type of
ownership 4.11 Number of Government employees of Mongolia*, by
classificattion of government service, 1 st of January of selected
years 4.12 Number of Government employees of Mongolia*, by regions,
aimags and the Capital, 1 st of January of selected years 4.13
Number of public administration Government employees of Mongolia*,
by classification of officers, 1 st of January of selected years
SECTION 5. GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT 5.1 Gross domestic product, by
divisions, at current prices 5.2 Gross domestic product, by
divisions, at 2000 prices 5.3 Gross National Income 5.4 Annual
change of gross domestic product, by divisions 5.5 Industrial
composition of gross domestic product, at current prices 5.6
Private sector share in GDP, at current prices 5.7 Composition of
gross domestic product, by income approach, at current prices 5.8
Composition of GDP, by expenditure approach 5.9 Provincial gross
domestic product, by aimags and the Capital, at current prices
SECTION 6. CONSUMER PRICE INDEX 6.1 Consumer price index of certain
goods and services, by groups, 1991-I-16=100 6.2 Consumer price
index of certain goods and services, by groups, 2000-XII=100 6.3
Consumer price index of certain goods and services, by groups 6.4
Annual average prices of main goods and services, in Ulaanbaatar
6.5 Consumer price index, by aimags, 2000-XII=100 6.6 Average price
of main selected goods, by aimags SECTION 7. MONEY, CREDIT, STOCK
7.1 Money supply 7.2 Foreign net reserves, end of period 7.3 Loans
oustanding, end of period 7.4 Annual interest rate, togrogs 7.5
Loans oustanding*, by aimags and the Capital, at the end of the
year 7.6 Non-performing loans outstanding*, aimags and the Capital,
at the end of the year 7.7 Individial deposits, by aimags and the
Capital city, at the end of the year 7.8 Exchange rates on foreign
exchange market 7.9 Stock market summary
86 87 88 89 89 90 90 94 96 97 98 99 105 107 107 108 108 109 109
110 112 113 114 115 115 116 117 117 118 119 121 123 124 125 127 128
130 132 132 132 133 135 137 138 138
14
7.10 30 leading companies in market capitalization in 2005 7.11
30 companies with the most active traded stocks in 2005, by number
of traded stocks SECTION 8. BUDGET 8.1 Mongolian general government
revenue, by economic classification, at current prices 8.2 Revenue
of central government, by economic classification, at current
prices 8.3 Local government revenue, by economic classification, at
current prices 8.4 Mongolian general government expenditure, by
economic classification, at current prices 8.5 Expenditure of
central government, by economic classification, at current prices
8.6 Local government expenditure, by ecomomic classification, at
current prices 8.7 Revenue of local government, by aimag and the
Capital, at current prices 8.8 Expenditure of local government, by
aimag and the Capital, at current prices 8.9 Grants from central
government to local government, by aimag and the Capital city, at
current prices 8.10 Grants from local government to central
government, by aimag and the Capital city, at current prices 8.11
Mongolian general government expenditure, by functional
classification, at current prices SECTION 9. INVESTMENT AND
CONSTRUCTION 9.1 Investment, by technological composition,
financial resources, at current prices 9.2 Total amount of
construction and capital repair, maintenance, at current price 9.3
Structure of construction and maintenance capital repair done by
construction units 9.4 Given for exploitation buildings, by kind of
construction 9.5 Total construction and capital repair done by
domestic and joint with foreign construction units, by aimag and
the Capital, at current prices 9.6 Grouping of construction units
9.7 Price of building materials, by countries, at the end of the
each quarters in 2005 SECTION 10. AGRICULTURE 10.1 Gross
agricultural output 10.2 Output of main agricultural products 10.3
Main agricultural production per capita 10.4 Number of livestock
& household animals 10.5 Number of livestock, by regions,
aimags and the Capital and by type, at the end of the year 10.6
Number of breeding stock, by regions, aimags and the Capital and by
type, at the end of the year 10.7 Highest number of livestock, by
type and years 10.8 Number of freshbred, crossbred, thoroughbred
and improved breed animals, by type 10.9 Rearing of young animals,
by type, at the end of the year 10.10 Losses of adult animals, by
type, at the end of the year 10.11 Total livestock slaughtered for
consumption, by type, end of year 10.12 Rank of first five aimags
and soums by number of livestock, in 2005, by type 10.13 Number of
herdsmen households, by regions, aimags and the Capital, at the end
of the year 10.14 Grouping of households by number of private
livestock*, by group number of livestock 10.15 Number of herdsmen,
by regions, aimags and the Capital, at the end of the year 10.16
Age composition of herdsmen 10.17 Selected social indicators of
herdsmen households 10.18 Selected social indicators of herdsmen
households, by regions, aimags and the Capital, in 2005 10.19
Number of agricultural specialist 10.20 Number of agricultural
techniques 10.21 Number of livestock fence, capacity, by type 10.22
Number of wells, by type
139 140 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 151 152 155 156
156 156 157 158 158 159 161 162 162 163 163 164 170 172 172 173 173
174 175 177 177 178 178 179 179 180 180 181 181
15
10.23 Agricultural areas 10.24 Number of lovestock covered by
precaution activities from infectious diseases and expenditure
10.25 Sown areas, by regions, aimags and the Capital, by type of
plants 10.26 Total crops, by type of plants 10.27 Yields of staple
agricultural crops per hectar, by type of plants 10.28 Total crops,
by regions, aimags and the Capital, by type of plants 10.29 Yields
of cereals, potatoes per hectar staple agriciltural crops, by
regions, aimags and the Capital 10.30 Gross hay harvest and
laying-in of fodder, by type 10.31 Gross hay harvest and laying-in
of fodder, by regions, aimags and the Capital, by type SECTION 11.
INDUSTRY 11.1 Gross industrial output, by divisions and
subdivisions, at current prices 11.2 Composition of gross
industrial output, by divisions and subdivisions 11.3 Gross
industrial output, by employment size class, at current prices 11.4
Gross industrial output, by divisions and subdivisions, at constant
prices of 2000 11.5 Sales of industrial products, by aimags and the
Capital, at current prices 11.6 Output of selected industrial
commodities 11.7 Value added per employee in industry, by divisions
and subdivisions, at 2000 prices 11.8 Balance sheet of electricity
11.9 Balance sheet of coal 11.10 Balance of thermal energy SECTION
12. TRANSPORTATION 12.1 Main indicators of transport, by types 12.2
Number of vehicles, by types 12.3 Number of vehicles, by aimags and
the Capital 12.4 Selected indicators of railway 12.5 Railway length
per 1000 km2 territory and freight turnover, carried freight per 1
km railway length 12.6 Selected indicators of civil air transport
12.7 Improved auto road, at the end of the year, km SECTION 13.
INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY 13.1 Main indicators of
information and communication technology division 13.2
Communication and postal service indicators, by kind 13.3 Number of
telephones lines, by regions, aimags and the Capital SECTION 14.
FOREIGN TRADE 14.1 Total turnover, by countries, at current prices
14.2 Exports, by countries, at current prices 14.3 Imports, by
countries, at current prices 14.4 Exports and imports, by region,
at current prices 14.5 Main export commodities 14.6 Main import
commodities 14.7 Export, by groups of commodities 14.8 Import, by
groups of commodities 14.9 Price indexes of Foreign Trade, by some
groups of commodities 14.10 Volume indexes of Foreign Trade, by
some groups of commodities 14.11 Indexes of Foreign Trade and Terms
of Trade 14.12 Export and import, by some group of commodities, by
SITC 14.13 Balance of payments
181 182 183 188 188 189 193 195 195 202 203 204 205 206 207 208
210 213 214 215 217 218 218 219 220 220 220 220 222 223 224 224 227
229 230 231 232 233 234 238 239 240 241 241 242 244
16
SECTION 15. DOMESTIC TRADE 15.1 Total output of trade, hotel and
restaurant, at current price SECTION 16. HOUSING, COMMUNITY SERVICE
16.1 Housing 16.2 Numbers of facilities for community services, by
region, aimags and the Capital SECTION 17. TOURISM 17.1 Number of
inbound and outbound passengers, by immigration post 17.2 Number of
inbound passengers, by purpose of visit, as of 2005 17.3 Number of
inbound and outbound foreign passengers through the border of
Mongolia, by country 17.4 Arrivals of foreign passengers from
abroad in the 2005, by purpose of visit, geographical region 17.5
Outbound domestic passengers, by immigration posts, purpose of
visit, as of 2005 SECTION 18. HOUSEHOLD INCOME AND EXPENDITURE AND
LIVING STANDARD 18.1 Monthly average total and monetary income per
household, at the current price 18.2 Composition of monthly average
total and monetary income per household 18.3 Monthly average total
expenditure per household, at current price 18.4 Composition of
monthly average expenditure per household 18.5 Monthly foodstuff
consumption per adult equivalent 18.6 Calorie and composition of
daily foodstuff consumption per adult equivalent 18.7 Minimum
subsistance level of population, per capita a month, by region and
years 18.8 Investments for the improvement of the health, education
and infrastructure in rural areas in the framework of "Sustainable
livelihoods project" 18.9 Investments for the pastural risk
management the framework of "Sustainable livelihoods project" 18.10
Loans provided with the framework of "Sustainable livelihoods
project" SECTION 19. EDUCATION, SCIENCE, CULTURE AND ARTS 19.1
Number of educational institutions, at the beginning of the
academic year 19.2 Number of pupils and students in educational
institutions, at the beginning of the academic year 19.3 Number of
graduates in educational institutions, at the beginning of the
academic year 19.4 Number of teachers in educational institutions,
at the beginning of the academic year 19.5 Some indicators of
general educational schools 19.6 Students and graduates of domestic
higher educational institutions, by fields of education 19.7 Number
of general educational schools, by region, aimags and the Capital
19.8 Number of pupils in general educational schools, by region,
aimags and the Capital 19.9 Proportion of teachers pupils in
general educational schools, by region, aimags and the Capital
19.10 Number of teachers in general educational schools, by region,
aimags and the Capital 19.11 Number of graduates of general
educational schools, by region, aimags and the Capital 19.12 Number
of pupils enrolled in 1st grade of general educational schools, by
region, aimags and the Capital
246 247 249 250 251 254 255 256 257 257 258 260 261 261 262 262
263 263 264 265 269 271 274 276 276 277 277 278 279 280 281 282 283
284 285
17
19.13 Number of dormitory pupils of general educational schools,
by region, aimags and the Capital 19.14 Pre-school institutions and
number of children, at the beginning of the academic year 19.15
Number of pupils and students in educational institutions, per 1000
population 19.16 Gross enrolment ratio (GER), by region, aimags and
the Capital , at the 2005-2006 academic year 19.17 Number of
kindergartens and teacher in kindergartens, by region, aimags and
the Capital 19.18 Number of children in creches and kindergartens,
by region, aimags and the Capital 19.19 Budget educational sector
19.20 Main indicators of science and research sector 19.21
Full-time employees with scientific degree 19.22 Number of research
works, funded from central budget 19.23 Public libraries, at the
end of the year 19.24 Public libraries, by regions, aimags and the
Capital 19.25 Number of employees of state art and culture
institutions, by type 19.26 Total seat number of public libraries,
by regions, aimags and the Capital 19.27 Total number of permanent
readers of public library, by regions, aimags and the Capital 19.28
Performance of professional arts organization, by regions, aimags
and the Capital 19.29 Exhibit of museum, number of visitors, by
regions, aimags and the Capital 19.30 Number of cultural centers,
by regions, aimags and the Capital 19.31 Total number of cultural
centers, by regions, aimags and the Capital 19.32 Number of
monasteries and temples, by religion type, regions, aimags and the
Capital 19.33 Number of employees, by religion type, regions,
aimags and the Capital 19.34 Monks, by religion type, regions,
aimags and the Capital 19.35 Number of students studying in
religious school and datsans, by religion type, regions, aimags and
the Capital 19.36 Number of apprentices who studies at home, by
religion type, regions, aimags and the Capital 19.37 Number of
students studying in religious school and datsans, and number of
apprentices who studies at home, by age group SECTION 20. HEALTH
AND SOCIAL INSURANCE, WELFARE 20.1 Health institutions 20.2 Number
of hospital beds, by type 20.3 Employees of health organizations,
by specialization categories 20.4 Number of physicians, by regions,
aimags and the Capital 20.5 Number of pharmacists, by regions,
aimags and the Capital 20.6 Number of mid-level medical personnel,
by specialization 20.7 Number of persons per physician, by regions,
aimags and the Capital 20.8 Number of persons per nurse, by
regions, aimags and the Capital 20.9 Number of patients
hospitalized, by regions, aimags and the Capital 20.10 Infectious
diseases, of registered, by classification of diseases regions,
aimags and the Capital 20.11 Number of live births, by sex, weight,
gramm, by regions, aimags and the Capital in 2005 20.12 Number of
deaths by classification of diseases, by sex 20.13 Infant mortality
rate (per 1000 live births), by regions, aimags and the Capital
20.14 Number of maternal deaths, by regions, aimags and the Capital
20.15 Abortions*, by regions, aimags and the Capital 20.16 National
health expenditures 20.17 Inpatient morbidity per 10000 population,
diseases 10 of the leading causes 20.18 Incidence of malignant
neoplasms, deaths, per 10000 population, by type malignant
neoplasms 20.19 Incidence of malignant neoplasms, per 10000
population, by age group 20.20 Incidence of malignant neoplasms
deaths per 10000 population, by aimags and the Capital
286 287 287 288 289 290 290 291 291 292 292 293 293 294 295 296
297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 304 306 307 307 308 309 310 311 311
312 313 314 315 317 318 319 320 320 321 322 322 323
18
20.21 Percentage of pregnant women who attended to anc* 6 and
more times in the first 3 months, by aimags and the Capital, at the
end of 2005 20.22 Immunization coverage for infants, by
immunization, in 2005 20.23 Income and expenditure of social
welfare services for the state budget 20.24 Number of persons who
received social welfare services, by type 20.25 Pension provided by
the social insurance fund, by type of pension and by involvement of
pensioners, at the end of the year SECTION 21. CRIME 21.1 Number of
offences committed, by type of offences 21.2 Number of persons
sentenced 21.3 Number of offences committed, by regions, aimags and
the Capital 21.4 Number of persons sentenced, by regions, aimags
and the Capital 21.5 Number of persons sentenced, by educational
level 21.6 Number of persons sentenced, by age group 21.7 Number of
offences per 10000 population of age 18 and above SECTION 22.
NATURE AND ENVIRONMENT 22.1 Annual average temperature, by aimags
and the Capital 22.2 Land classification of Mongolia 22.3 Life
forms of vascular plants, 1989 22.4 Number of days with rainfall,
by aimags center and the Capital 22.5 Climate, by aimags and the
Capital 22.6 Number of forest fires, by times and fire affected,
regions, aimags and the Capital 22.7 Forest harvest volume, by
regions, aimags and the Capital 22.8 Capital investment for
protectoin and rehabilitation of natural resources 22.9 Maximium
limit of hunting wild animals for domestic purpose, 2006, by
regions, and aimags, hunting animals 22.10 Composition of vascular
and lower plants of Mongolia, in 1998 22.11 Land degradation 22.12
Report of the surface water census, by regions, aimags and the
Capital, 2003 22.13 Annual average concentration of pollution in
air, by regions, aimags and the Capital, in 2005 22.14 Annual
average concentration of pollution in air, by the Capital's
stations, in 2005 22.15 Amount of pollution permissible in the air
concentration 22.16 Disasters occurred and the damages SECTION 23.
PRODUCTIVITY 23.1 Total productivity, by divisions, at current
prices 23.2 Total factor productivity, by divisions, at current
prices 23.3 Labour productivity, by divisions, at current prices
23.4 Capital productivity, by divisions, at current prices 23.5 Row
material productivity, by divisions, at current prices 23.6
Electricity productivity, by divisions, at current prices SECTION
24. BUSINESS REGISTER 24.1 Number of legal units, by regions,
aimags and the Capital, end of selected years 24.2 Number of legal
units, by sectors of economic activities, end of selected years
24.3 Number of legal units, by employment size class, end
ofselected years
324 325 326 327 327 329 330 330 331 332 332 333 333 336 337 338
338 339 340 341 342 343 344 344 345 346 347 348 348 349 352 353 353
354 354 355 355 356 358 359 360
19
24.4 Number of active legel units, by aimags and the Capital,
end of selected years 24.5 Number of active legal units, by sectors
of economic activities, end of selected years 24.6 Number of active
legal units, by employment size class, end of selected years 24.7
Number of legal units, by districts, end of selected years 24.8
Number of legal units, by the legal status, end of selected years
SECTION 25. WORLD DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS 25.1 Size of economy, as
of 2003 25.2 Integration with the global economy, % of GDP 25.3
Distribution of net aid by development assistance committee
members, 2003, by regions 25.4 Official development aid dependency,
by some selected countries of the regions 25.5 Structure of output,
by some selected countries of the regions 25.6 Structure of final
demand, by some selected countries of the regions 25.7
International trade, selected countries of the regions 25.8
Implementation of millennium development goals, by some selected
countries of the regions
360 361 361 362 362 363 363 367 368 369 370 371 372 373
20
Overview
, . 2005 2562.4 , 2004 1.2 29.3 . 49.6 , 50.4 100 98.5 . . 2005
205.4 2002 14.0 , 2004 4.0 . 2005 60.2 1543.3 . -, , , , , , , 80 .
2005 611.0 58.5 , 41.5 4.2 . 65.2 62.1, 68.6 . . 1000 2002 19.1
2005 17.8 , 2002 6.8 . 2005 2002 3.4 , 2004 0.4 . 100 103 . 2002
2.1; 2003, 2004 2.0 2005 1.9 . 2002, 2003 6.4; 2004, 2005 6.5 . .
2005 16.5 5.7 . 100 155 , . 1000 2005 (7.5), -(7.4), (7.5), (7.5),
(7.1) ; - (5.5), (5.8), - (5.5), (5.8) . 2005 15.0 , 1.6 , 3.8 .
2004 33.4 , 47.7 . 1000 2003- 2004 2005 , 2002 .
. . .21
2005 52.5 10.4 5.4 , 89.6 47.1 . 2002 4.7 2003 5.2 9.8 463 ,
2005 5.4 2004 0.4 20 . 2002 43.6 , 2003 44.9 , 2004 46.3 , 2005
47.1 2002 8.1 3519 , 2004 1.8 883 .16 4 2002 57.6 2003 53.5 , 2004
46.7 , 2005 42.4 . 2004 65.7 2005 70.3 7.1 4.6 . 2005 15.1 , 25.4 ,
18.9 , 9.3 , 31.3 . 16 2004 45.1 2005 48.4 7.3 3.3 .
, , , . . 1992 , ( )- ; , . , . 2005 63.5 , 2004 0.9 1.9 7.6 .
2002 96.6 2005 96.7 0.1 . , , , , , , , . , , ( )- . , . , , 22
Overview
, , . . . 2005 1 1- 121.8 2.1 2.5 , 7.6 9.3 , 18.9 23.0 , 71.4
86.9 . 43.4 37.0 , 5.3 , 1.0 (Ph.D)- , 0.2 (Sc.D)- . 23.7 , 19.8 ,
13.0 , 0.1 .
2000 4 , , , , , , . 1000 , . 2005 101.2 2002 42.1 , 2003 24.1 ,
2004 8.7 . , , , , , , , , , , , , . , .
, , . ()- , , . 1991 . 1994 3- . 23
- . 2005 () 2266.5 , 2000 1329.5 , 2004 6.2 78.0 . . - 6.2 5.2 ,
1.6 , , , 0.6 . 899.3 , 2004 141.1 . 1989 - 3.3 2005 77.4 , . - ,
100.0 , 99.9 , , , 99.8 , 94.1 .
() 2005 9.5 15.6%, , , 7.2%, , 5.9%, , , 5.5 %, 5.2%, , , 4.3%,
, 2.7 , , , x 0.4 .
, , , , 2000-2005 , 2005 1170.1 . , . (2)- 2000-2005 . 2005 13.0
, 2004 3.9 . , , , . 2005 859.9 2004 41.7 . 2003 4.8 , 2004 6.4
2005 5.7 3 .24
Overview
. 2005 3.2 28.3 , 4.5 14.8 . . 2005 1205.27 , 2004 20.1 . Y . ,
2003 1- 1- , Y , , , , . 2005 392 66 , 326 . 2005 253 , 26.3 0.4 .
2000 , 2005 78.7 . Y 22.2 , 21.3 56.5 .
, - 2003 1 1- , , , , . - 2002 , . , , 2005 2004 17.5 , 1.6 . ,
99.4 . , , , 2003 - 4.2 , 2004 2.1 2005 73.3 - / / 3.2 . 1999 2004
- 8.8 2005 - 10.2 1.4 . , 2001 489.7 2004 752.5 , 2005 764.6 . 2005
600.3 , 142.725
. 20.7 - 0.9 . 2005 179.1 , 82.1 147.1 , 17.9 32.0 . , 2004 2.8
4.9 . 2005 101.2 , 2004 14.2 12.6 . 2005 144 227.0 .. 2.7 81 ; 46.4
.. 23 ; 1.6 .. 6 ; 3.0 .. 3 . 2005 22.0 389.4 , 3.2 746.9 . . , , .
2005 - 21.7 , 84.9 . 39.9 , . 2000-2002 , , , 11.2 , . 2005 30.4 ,
2004 8.5 2.4 . 254.2 , 2029.1 , 1963.6 , 12884.5 , 13267.4 , 2004
23.8 , 122.0 , 1.2 , 1.0 , 2.4 . 2005 2004 36.9 . 385.5 . 2005 . 19
, , -, , , , -, , , , , , , , , , , , 2004 2.7-20.4 17.8-294.7 -, ,
. , , - 2004 1.9-4.7 26.2-56.9 .26
Overview
2005 664 1.3 , , 119.7 18.1 . 2005 13 734.8 21.8 . . 1990
700.0-880.0 , 100.0-120.0 , 500.0-700.0 . 1990 , , , . 1990-1996 .
, . 2005 189.5 159.1 - , 9.8 - , 5.9 - , 5.2 - , 75.5 , 82.8 , 64.1
, 8.3 , 845.1 , 41.7 2004 10.9 - 5.5 ; 2.6 . 3.2 , 14.9 . - 30.2 ,
, 63.3 .- 45.7 . 2005 , . - 4.7 , 84.8 2004 3.3 -, 3.5 .
2005 2000 813.1 , 2004 35.6 4.2 . 2004 2005 ( ) , , , , , , , ,
, , , , , , , 1.3-76.0 ; , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,
, 27
, 1.6-66.1 . 2005 , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,
, , , , , , , 118 , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 98 .
2004 , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 2005 . , . 2005 1463.3 ( ) , .
52.8 773.1 . 66.4 , ; 19.5 ; 14.1 , , .
, . . , , , . , , , 1815 97.0 . 2005 25.2 , 192.7 , 10267.1 .,
2696.6 , 308.1 . 14.4 , 62.8 , 22.8 . 8.4 . 2005 2004 16.7 , 0.8 .
2005 131.2 87.8 , 27.4 , 11.1 , 3.6 , 1.3 28
Overview
. 101.6 77.4 . 2005 6.1 , 2.3 . 2004 443.4 , 377.9 - .
, , 2002 256.8 , 14.0 2005 570.9 , 23.0 2002 2.2 , 63.9 . 2005
300- . 1000 2002 55 2005 63 . 1996 2005 20 , 29 , , 77.3 . , 2005 ,
, , , , CDMA450 . , , 17 , . 21 , 99 , , 100 30- .
. , 1990 , . 1997 . 2005 2249.2 ., 1064.9 , 1184.3 . . 2004 19.0
, 22.4 , 16.0 . 2005 , , . Y , 6.4 2004 32.0 . . 2005 555.6 . 5
29
2000 94.9 , 2004 10.0 . 2004 101.0 ., , 7.4 ., , 88.3 . . , . ,
, , , , , , , , 2004 54.5 ., 89.9 ., , , , 12.2 . .
2005 170.4 . , 2004 2.7 107.0 . . . 2005 19.7 ., 136.5 . . 2004
8.5 12.5 . 133.8 . . 29.9 . 2004 6.8 . . 2005 97.3 . 2004 4.7 . ,
127.2 . . 134.5 . 2004 3.9 99.9 . .
, 277.5 2005 7371.2 , 2002 10.6 , 2003 6.8 , 2004 3,4 . 2005
96.7 2004 6.5 . 2005 1039 , 2004 3.7 . 2005 273.4 11.7 4.8 . 2004
349 2005 369 5.7 .30
Overview
740 2005 2004 19.4 . 2005 , 2.1 , 14.2 . 2005 49.7 - , 18.0 - ,
9.0 - , 3.8 , 3.0 - , 16.5 . 2005 344.7 2004 13.0 . 2005 81.9 30 ,
14.1 90 , 4.0 90 3.8 , 65.2 , , 30.6 , 0.2 , 0.2 , . 51.7 Y , 15.0
, 8.2 , 5.9 , 19.2 . 2005 740.1 88.3 , , , . 2005 30 .
, , , . 2005 2004 22 , 2003 45 , , 2005 2004 15 , 2003 51 . 2005
2004 24 , 2003 33 , , 2005 2004 17 , 2003 38 . () () . 2005 2004 55
, 2003 42 . 52.3 . , , , . , 1995, 1998, 2002-2004 31
, . . , 2000 15 97.6 . 2005-2006 556.9 724 2002-2003 29.0
2004-2005 0.4 . , 2005-2006 10.7 2004-2005 1.4 11.7 . , , ,
2005-2006 162.0 . 2005-2006 70.4 , 29.6 . . , 2004-2005 128.1 ,
20032004 9.9 , 2002-2003 25.2 . 7-15 2005-2006 9.0 . 2004-2005 2.0
2005-2006 1.6 , 0.4 . 2004-2005 2005-2006 55.7 2004-2005 27.5 . 11
7 - . 7 , 7 , 8 - . - 2004-2005 . , 2002-2003 25.4; 2003-2004 25.8;
2004-2005 26.0 . 2005-2006 24.6 2004-2005 1.4 . - , 2005-2006 22.6
2002-2003 1.9 9.0 , 2004-2005 1.2 5.4 . , 2004-2005 22.4 27.1 , ;
12.4 , , ; 10.0 . 2003-2004 , 10.9 , 2004-2005 7.5 . 2005-2006 95.0
2003-2004 1.1 , 2004-2005 8.4 . 2005 3.2 70.4 .32
Overview
2002 71 2003 62, 2004 56 , 2005 58 . 2005 29.8 ; 23.9 ; 11.6 ;
10.5 ; 11.0 ; 13.3 , . , . , 2002 307 , 296.8 2005 283 205.8 .
/1992 / , . , , . (, ), . 2005 240 2004 6.7 . 2005 65.4 ; 29.2 ;
2.9 ; 2.5 . 2005 14.1 ; 24.6 ; 21.7 ; 7.9 ; 31.7 . 2005 4.4 2.6 .
206 7.8 ; 432 16.4 ; 299 11.4 ; 157 6.0 ; 1533 58.4 . 5.6 2004 12.7
, 2.4 2.1 .
1990- , , . , , . , . 2005 33.6 6.8 , 8.0 , 0.8 , 14.5 , 3.6 , .
1.2 . 2002 6823 33
2003 6637 2.7 , 2004 6590 2003 0.7 , 2005 6788 2004 0.3 . 2005
375 . , , , ; , , . 2005 18.3 , 2004 0.5 . 10000 2005 72, 27, 57 .
2002 37.7 2003 26.9 2004 31.3 , 2005 32.3 . , , , . 2005 8.0 2004
9.4 . 2005 10.5 2004 0.8 .
, 2005 43.3 2004 1.8 . 2005 99.7 . 2005 42.0 2004 1.7 17.7 .
2004 , . 2005 754.8 2002 5.8 , 2003 5.0 , 2004 4.9 . 2005 53.9 ,
8.8 . 2005 292.4 647.5 2004 19.3 . 2005 18.1 . 2004 6.4 2005 276.8
. 2005 65.0 , 17.8 , 12.6 , 4.6 . , . , 2002 67.4 2005 65.0 2002
14.6 2005 17.8 .
2003 3 . 2005 34
Overview
8.3 ; 15.0 ; 18.7 ; 8.7 ; 47.1 . 2005 , 25.9 ; 51.1 ; 9.1 ; ,
6.8 ; . 2004 , , . , 2005 4.5 2004 0.3 . , 2005 352 2004 13.7 . Y
90.9 2004 15.3 . 48.4 . 75.1 , 3.7 , 6.6 , 7.6 , 4.2 , . 96.5 , , ,
, , 2005 2004 14.7-47.4 . 2005 10.2 8.6 , 11.8 5.9 . 2003 . 2005
2.0 75.5 1.5 , ; 18.2 ; 6.3 .
50 0.7 , . , , , , , , , , , , . , , . 2005 73.7 ; 15.8 ; 9.4 ;
0.6 ; 0.3 , , ; 0.2 , , . 2005 47 2 ; 19 ; 17 ; 5 ; 4 . , 2005
2086.5 , 2000 1.6 26.3 , 28.7 35
, 38.5 , 6.5 . 2005 11482.6 326.0 . ; 10586.3 . ; 26.7 . ; 347.8
. ; 2.7 . , 193.1 . .
, , . , , 3 . , , , . , 2005 0.76 , 2004 8.6 . , , 2.62-2.74 . ,
2005 3.13 , 2004 4.7 . , , , , . 2005 11.8 ; 4.7 ; 16.9 ; 2362.4 ,
2004 0.4-21.3 .
36
Overview
OVERVIEW Population The number of population have been
increasing, however population growth rate has declined over the
last few years. At of the end of 2005, resident population of
Mongolia was 2 million and 562.4 thousand. This is an increase by
1.2 percent or 29.3 thousand since 2004.The 49.6 percent of the
total population is men and 50.4 percent is women in that year,
giving a sex ratio at of 98.5 males per 100 females. Migration
stream to Ulaanbaatar city has not slowed down. The population has
been increasing year by year in Ulaanbaatar. In 2005, it is
estimated that there are 205.4 people per square kilometer in
Ulaanbaatar. So it was increased by 14.0 percent in 2002 and by 4.0
percent in 2004. As of 2005, about 60.2 percent of the total
population or 1543.3 thousand people lived in urban areas.
Moreover, more than half of the populations of Darkhan-Uul, Orkhon,
Govisumber, Dornod and Dornogovi provinces were living in urban
areas, whereas more than 80 percent of the population of Arkhangai,
Ovorkhangai amd Tov provinces lived in rural areas. In 2005, about
58.5 percent of the 611.0 thousand private households lived in
urban areas and the rest of 41.5 percent in rural areas. The
population of Mongolia was 4.2 persons per household in 2005. In
2005, the average life expectancy estimated as 65.2, of them, 62.1
for males and 68.6 for females. The main cause for slowing of the
population growth affects in natural increase. The crude birth rate
was 19.1 per 1000 population in 2002, but it has decreased by 6.8
percent in 2005. In 2005, the number of live births decreased by
3.4 percent in 2002 and 0.5 percent in 2004 respectively. From
international experience, it is generally expected that the sex
ratio at birth is within the range from 104 to 106. The sex ratio
at birth in our country was 103.0 in 2005. Total fertility rate was
decreased by 2.1 percent in 2002 and 2.1 percent in 2003 and 2004
and 1.9 percent in 2005. Total fertility rate hasnt reached the
replacement level of fertility. The crude death rate in our country
was 6.4 in 2002 and 2003, and 6.5 in 2004 and 2005. The infant
mortality rate furthermore goes down and reaches the bottom at the
age group. In 2005, 16.5 thousand people died, of which the 5.8
percent were infant mortality. The sex ratio of death was estimated
that 155 males per 100 females in 2005. It has been increasing over
the last years. Crude death rate varied by aimags. In 2005, the
highest crude death rate was registered in the Dornod(7.5),
Darkhan-Uul(7.4), Tov (7.5), Omnogobi (7.5), Uvs (7.1) and the
lowest in the Bayan-Ulgii (5.5), Khovd (5.8), Govi-Altai (5.5)and
Zavkhan (5.8). In 2005, 15.0 thousand people were married whereas
1.6 thousand people were divorced and 3.8 thousand children were
adopted. Compared with the previous year, marriage decreased by
33.4 percent, divorce increased by 47.7 percent and the adoption of
child increased by 15.4 percent, respectively. Crude marriage rate
has decreased steadily between the years 20042005 per 1000
population, but it increased in 2005. Crude divorce rate has
slightly increased since 2002.
Some social indicators for households and population The
Government of Mongolia has been taking considerable measures
focused on the high righted issues concerning with maternal and
childrens health condition. But still, there is a group of people
who need social welfare assistance. In recent years, the number of
orphan and37
half-orphan children has increased. As of 2005, there were 52.5
thousand children were estimated as orphan, of whom 10.4 percent or
5.4 thousand is orphan and 89.6 percent or 47.1 thousand is half
orphan. Number of orphan children was 4.7 thousand in 2002 but it
increased by 9.8 percent or 463 children to 5.2 thousand in 2003,
but from 2004 by 0.4 percent or 20 children to 5.4 thousand in 2005
respectively. In 2002, the number of half orphan children was 43.6
thousand, 44.9 thousand in 2003, 46.3 thousand in 2004, and 47.1
thousand in 2005 increased by 8.1 percent or 3519 children from
2002, from 2004 by 1.8 percent or 833 children respectively. The
number of households that has 4 or more children under 16 was 57.6
thousand in 2002 and was decreased by 53.5 thousand in 2003, 46.7
thousand in 2004 and increased by 42.4 thousand in 2005
respectively. Number of female-headed households was 65.7 thousand
in 2004 but it increased by 7.1 percent or 4.6 thousand households
to 70.3 thousand in 2005. By 2005, 15.1 percent of total
female-headed households have been found in Western region while
25.4 percent- in Khangai region, 18.9 percent- in Central region,
9.3 percent- in Eastern region and 31.3 percent- in the Capital
city of Ulaanbaatar, respectively. Number of single woman with
children under 16 was 45.1 thousand in 2004 but it increased by 7.3
percent or 3.3 thousand to 48.4 thousand in 2005.
Labor force Resulting from transition period from a centrally
planned economy to a market economy, Mongolia faced with many
challenges. For instance, the number of unemployment has increased
because of structural change of economy, depression of production
and cease of industries as well as enterprises. Following them
Employment regulation office has been set up to provide employment
services such as intermediating with job places and retraining.
From 1992 people who are registered with Labor and Social welfare
departments (former employment office) are considered as unemployed
in accordance with the international concepts and methodology.
Accordingly, labor force or economically active population, labor
force participation rate and unemployment rate have been estimated
by national average, capital city, aimags, age groups and sex. The
main indicator that shows labor market development and economic
activity of population is labor force participation rate. This
indicator has increased a bit for the last few years. In 2005,
labor force participation rate reached to 63.5 percent which
decreased by 0.9 percent from 2004. However number of employed
population increased by 1.9 percentages, the number of registered
people considered as unemployed decreased by 7.6 percent. This has
resulted from the decrease of participation rate. At the national
level, share of employed population in economically active
population was 96.6 percent in 2002, 96.7 percent in 2005 and
increased by 0.1 percent. For the economic activity sectors, number
of employed population has increased in all economic sectors except
agriculture, hunting and forestry, manufacturing, real estate,
renting & business activities and community, social &
personal services for the last few years. The registered
unemployment rate, that has been decreasing lately, is associated
with the increased number of people who found jobs by the support
of aimag and capital citys Labor and Social welfare departments
(former employment office). Shares of man and woman in economically
active population and employed population are nearly the same while
women account greater share than men registered as unemployed.
Proportion of the unemployed people with higher education or
untrained people has increased among registered as unemployed in
the aimag and city Labor and Social welfare38
Overview
departments while share of people with special secondary
education and completion of vocational training center have
declined. Also this section presents data related to Government
employees of Mongolia. These data, compiled from official source of
data, comes from Government Service Council of Mongolia. Moreover,
the data, concerned with Mongolian government employees was
included in this section. This data was compiled by the official
data resource of the Government Service Council. By January 1,
2005, 121.8 thousand government employees was calculated in its
total number, of which 2.1 percent or 2.5 thousand was along with
political positions, 7.6 percent or 9.3 thousand of them were
calculated as public administration positions, 18.9 percent or 23.0
thousand were special service positions and 71.4 percent or 86.9
thousand were along with support service positions. According to
the data, estimated by education level, 43.4 percent of the total
government employees are with higher level of education degree and
37 percent of them have bachelor and diploma degrees, 5.3 percent
of them have master degree, 1.0 percent of them have doctors degree
(Ph.D) and 0.2 percent of them have Scientific Doctors degree. 23.7
percent of the total government employees are with special
secondary, 19.8 percent of them have complete secondary level of
education, 13.0 percent of them have non-complete secondary and
primary levels of education and 0.1 percent of them have no formal
education.
Average wages and salaries Sample survey on average wages and
salaries has been carried out quarterly since 4th quarter of 2000
and the results are estimated by gender, economic activity sector,
occupation, types of organization, ownership and responsibility by
aimag and the capital. Over 1000 organizations with various
economic activity and ownership are covered by the sample survey
every quarter. As of 2005, annual average wages and salary is 101.2
thousand tugrugs which is 42.1 percent higher than 2002, and 24.1
percent higher than 2003, and 8.7 percent higher than 2004. In
economic activity sectors, average salaries for electricity, gas
and water supply, construction, hotels, restaurants, transport and
storage communication, financial intermediation, public
administration, defense, compulsory social security and are higher
than other sectors and national average. In addition, average
salaries for companies limited and state enterprises are higher
than national average and other economic entities.
Gross domestic product During the transition period to a market
economy, Mongolia faced a challenge to conform national statistical
information system with the international standards. The
bottom-line of this challenge is to develop and implement the
National Accounts in the framework of 1993 SNA. In 1991, Government
of Mongolia passed its resolution to ensure the preparation for
introduction and implementation of SNA and in March 1994, Law on
Statistics was adopted by the Parliament and put into force. Within
the enforcement of the law, actions were taken to implement SNA
into national statistical practice.39
In 2005, preliminary GDP was 2266.5 billion tugrugs at current
prices and 1329.5 billion tugrugs at constant prices of 2000. It
shows an increase by 6.2 percent or by 78.0 billion tugrugs
compared with the previous year. This increase was achieved mainly
by growth of the service sector. The growth of 6.2 percent was
provided by service sector contributing 5.2 points and agriculture
hunting and forestry sector 1.6 points respectively, and industrial
sector decreased by 0.6 points. Per capita GDP at current prices
has reached to 899.3 thousand tugrugs, compared with 2004 it has
increased by 141.1 thousand tugrugs. Private sector share was only
3.3 % in GDP in 1989 but in 2005 it was reached to 77.4%
accordingly. The share of private sector in GDP is accordingly
higher in the following sectors: in hotels and restaurants sector
100 %, in trade sector 99.9 %, in agriculture, hunting and forestry
sector 99.8 %, in construction sector 94.1%.
Consumer price index (CPI) In 2005, consumer price overall index
increased by 9.5% of which foodstuff by 15.6%, medical goods and
care by 7.2%, transport and communication by 5.9%, cultural goods
and recreation by 5.5%, household goods by 5.2% , housing, heating
and electricity by 4.3 %, and other goods and services by 2.7%,
prices of clothing and footwear group decreased by 0.4%.
Money, credit As a result of supporting financial market loan
competition, decreasing commercial loan interest rate and providing
favorable economical conditions, the money supply has increased
each year during 2000-2005 reaching 1170.1 bln. tugrugs in 2005.
This increase of individuals and corporate deposits in banks has
resulted as a real economic growth. The share of currency outside
of the banks in money supply or M2 is one of the criterion
indicators of monetary statistics. This indicator has been declined
since 2000 through 2005. It reached 13.0 percent in 2005, showing a
decrease of 3.9 points compared with 2004. Expansion of bank
deposits lead the strengthening of financial intermediation sector,
which in turn fuels the increase of individuals and corporate
loans. In 2005, loans provided by commercial banks amounted to
859.9 bln. tugrugs, which was higher by 41.7 percent compared with
2004. The percentage of non-performing loans in total loans was
comparatively stable in the last 3 years. In 2003 percentage was
4.8, in 2004 was 6.4 percent and in 2005 was 5.7 percent. Even
though interest rate is relatively high, the tendency of its
gradual decrease can be seen from the last years. Average interest
rate of commercial banks tugrug loans declined by 3.2 points in
2005 compared with previous year ending at 28.3. Whereas foreign
currency loan interest fell by 4.5 points compared with 2004
reaching 14.8 percent. The tugrug value to US dollar value raised
slightly in 2005. Bank of Mongolias official exchange average rate
of one US dollar to tugrug was 1205.27 tugrugs in 2005, which
depreciated by 20.1 tugrugs compared with 2004. Stock exchange
market. In January 1st of 2003, Stock Exchange organizational
structure changed divided into two independent legal units Stock
Exchange Co. and Securities clearing40
Overview
house and central depository Co. Ltd. In light of this change,
works such as settlement and registration of securities certified
ownership title were done. At the Stock exchange, totally 392
companies were registered by the end of 2005, of which 66 were
state owned companies and 326 fully privatized companies. In 2005,
stocks were traded during 253 days. The total trade volume of
securities reached 26.3 million, of which 0.4 million were bonds.
Since 2000, trading of Government and private companies bonds have
increased significantly, reaching 78.7 percent in total trade,
whereas bonds were 22.2 percent and stocks 21.3 percent in
securities trade in 2005.
General government budget Since 2000, budget and fiscal policies
as well as certain steps have been taken for the macroeconomic
stabilization. To be filled with fiscal management, new law
environment, enhancing the public sector potential, and some public
duties was moved to supply and financing production in order by
Public Sector Finance and Management Law, which adhere to from 1
January, 2003. In November, 2002, Law on Mongolian General
Government Budget was approved and reflected major changes of
classification in budget revenue and expenditure. Total budget
revenue and grants have been increasing since 2000, compared with
2004, result of revenue and grants of 2005 increased by 17.5
percent, expenditure financing increased by 1.6 percent. Current
revenue was 99.4 percent of the total revenue and grants. As a
result of the Government policy to improve the budget balance and
to ensure the fiscal stabilization, last years budget overall
deficit have been decreased. Overall deficit of GDP were 4.2
percent in 2003 and 2.1 percent in 2004. But in 2005, the surplus
of budget reached 73.3 bln.tugrugs, which accounted for 3.2 percent
of preliminary estimation of GDP. Current budget surplus also has
been increasing since 1999. Current budget surplus as of GDP was
8.8 percent in 2004, and in 2005 preliminary result of GDP
increased by 1.4 points, reaching 10.2 percent. Total budget
expenditure and net lending was 489.7 bln.tugrugs in 2001, 752.5
bln.tugrugs in 2004, and in 2005 accounted for 764.6 bln.tugrugs.
In 2005, current expenditure was 600.3 bln.tugrugs, which is 142.7
bln.tugrugs was wages and salary foundation of public sector
officials. Interest payments were 20.7 bln.tugrugs or 0.9 percent
of GDP.
Construction For 2005, 179.1 bln.tugrugs were spent on
construction and installation work by preliminary results of which
domestic construction entities reached of 82.1 percent or 147.1
bln.tugrugs and foreign construction units 17.9 percent or 32.0
bln.tugrugs. Construction and installation work increased by 2.8
percent or 4.9 bln.tugrugs compared with 2004. In 2005,
construction entities have built buildings of 101.2 bln.tugrugs,
such as residential buildings and service centers. This indicator
increased by 14.2 percent or 12.6 bln.tugrugs compared with 2004.
In 2005, there were 144 new constructions have been built of which
81 residential buildings of 227.0 thous. square meters of 2.7
thous. householdslt; as well 23 buildings for trade and service of
46.4 thous. square meters; hotel and cafe 6 buildings of 1.6 thous.
square meters, and 3 buildings for manufacturing purpose of 3.0
thous. square meters were built accordingly.41
In 2005, 22.0 bln.tugrugs were spent on the State budget
investment for auto-road industry. Of which 389.4 km long auto-road
with hard cover was built and 746.9km gravel road with cost of 3.2
bln.tugrugs was constructed with foreign investment in 2005.
Agriculture Livestock husbandry. The main foundation of Mongolias
economy, pasturing livestock husbandry still plays an important
role in the economy, employment and export revenues of Mongolia. To
date, 20.5 percent of GDP is produced by the agricultural sector,
of which 80.0 percent accounts for livestock husbandry. Also, 40.2
percent of total labor force of the country is engaged in the
agricultural sector and form around one forth of export income. In
2000-2002, by the result of natural disasters, drought and dzud,
losses of animals reached 11.2 million followed by decline of
livestock husbandry production. By the end of 2005, in total 30.4
million livestock heads were counted, which was higher by 8.5
percent or 2.4 million heads compared with 2004. Livestock census
2005 revealed that there are 254.2 thousand camels, 2029.1 thousand
horses, 1963.6 thousand cattle, 12884.5 thousand sheep and 13267.4
thousand goats. The number of horses increased by 23.8 thousand,
cattle by 122.0 thousand, sheep by 1.2 million and goats by 1.0
million respectively. But camel decreased by 2.4 thousand heads
compared with 2004. In 2005, number of young animals was higher by
36.8 million heads and adult animals loss was higher by 385.5
thousand. In 2005 the overall increase of the number of livestock
was provided by growth of sheep and goats. In Govisumber, Orkhon,
Gobi-Altai, Bayankhongor, Bulgan, Tov, Darkhan-Uul, Arkhangai,
Khentii, Zavkhan, Dornod, Khovd, Ulaanbaatar, Khovsgol, Selenge,
Ovorkhangai, Omnogovi, Uvs, and Dundgovi aimags the number of
livestock increased by 2.7-20.4 percent or 17.8-294.7 thousand
heads compared with the previous year. And in Gobi-Altai,
Bayankhongor and Khovd aimags, the number of all livestock was
increased. But in Sukhbaatar, Dornogovi and Bayan-Olgii aimags the
number of livestock decreased by 1.9-4.7 percent or 26.2-56.9
thousand heads compared with 2004. In 2005, 1.3 thousand
veterinarians worked for the 664 veterinary service units, which
covered veterinary service to 18.1 million livestock of total 119.7
thousand households. There were 13 kinds of disease registered,
734.8 thousand livestock were involved in laboratory precaution
examination and 21.8 million of them were covered by precautions in
2005. Crop farming. Before 1990 the sectors output was 700.0-880.0
thousand tones of crop, 100.0-120.0 thousand tones of potato, and
500.0-700.0 tones of livestock fodder. Before 1990 land cultivation
sectors policy was to fully meet domestic demand for crop, potato,
vegetables, and livestock fodder as well as to export while in
1990-1996 consistent with the principle of the closer the property
the better its operation, land cultivation entities were
transformed into joint stock companies with state ownership. Land
cultivation production dropped significantly due to reduced direct
and indirect support from the Government and lack of management
skills and capacity to run the business in the market economy. In
2005, there were 189.5 thous.hectares of sown area, which consists
of 159.1 thous.hectares of cereals, 9.8 thous.hectares of potatoes,
5.9 thous.hectares of vegetables, 5.2 thous.hectares of fodder
crops and total amount of 75.5 thous.tones cereals, 82.8
thous.tones potatoes, 64.1 thous.tones vegetables, 8.3 thous.tones
fodder crops were harvested. As well 845.1 thous.tones hay harvest
and 41.7 thous.tones hand made fodder were prepared. Compared with
2004, total sown area was decreased by 10.9 thous. hectares or 5.5
percent42
Overview
and volume of potatoes and vegetables were increased by 2.6
thous.tones or 3.2 percent and 14.9 thous.tones or 30.2 percent
respectively. But other types of grains were decreased slightly, of
which cereals was decreased by 63.3 thous.tones or 45.7 percent. In
the main period of processing wheat growth, there was a high
temperature and it influenced badly. It was caused the decrease of
the overall total cereals. Yields of cereals, potatoes per hectare
staple agricultural crops were harvested 4.7 centners and 84.8
centners respectively. Compared with 2004, yield of cereals and
potatoes per hectare staple decreased by 3.3 and 3.5 centners
respectively.
Industry In 2005, the total industrial output was 813.1
bln.tugrugs at the constant prices 2000 that was lower by 35.6
bln.tugrugs or 4.2 percent with the 2004. In 2005, compared with
the previous year, industrial output (at constant price) has been
increased by 1.3-76.0 percent for manufacture of tobacco products,
manufacture of food products and beverages, manufacture of
furniture, manufacturing, electricity, thermal energy, steam,
manufacture of other transport equipment, mining of coal and
lignite, mining of metal ores, manufacture of paper and paper
products, manufacture of basic metals, manufacture of rubber and
plastic products, production of other non-metallic mineral products
divisions and declined by 1.6-66.1 percent for collection,
purification and distribution of water, other mining and quarrying,
manufacture of wood and wooden products, extraction of crude
petroleum and natural gas, manufacture of medical precision and
optical instruments, watches and clocks publishing, printing and
reproduction of recorded media, manufacture of fabricated metal
products, except machinery and equipment, manufacture of electrical
machinery and equipment, manufacture of chemicals and chemical
products, manufacture of luggage, handbags, saddler harness, and
footwear, manufacture of textiles, manufacture of wearing apparel,
dressing and dyeing of fur, tanning, dressing of leather divisions
etc. In 2005, compared with the 2004, production of main98 items of
industrial products, such as electricity, thermal energy, coal,
gold, molybdenum concentrate, copper, metal steel, metal foundries,
cement, lime, metal sleeper, building door and windows, combed
down, spun thread, fabrics, felt, small intestine, sausage, spirit,
beer, soft drinks, wheat flour, bakery products, sweets, milk,
dairy products, salt, injection and liquid medicine etc.118
products increased, distribution water, crude oil, copper
concentrate, fluor spar concentrate, sawn wood, railway sleeper,
scoured wool, camel woolen blanket, carpet, knitted goods, book,
newspaper, meat, bread, biscuits, alcohol, wine, macaroni noodles,
fodder, disposable injection, medical tablets etc. decreased. The
following new products produced by the industrial sector by the end
of 2004 such as water plastic pipe, parquet floor, plastic conduit
of electric wire, and plastic frame of floor, ceiling and door,
electrical conductor wire, printing and copy paper, as well as
processed bean, tofu, a meat substitute, mayonnaise, mixed infant
formula of fruits, plywood, and sheet of polystyrene, copper
foundries were included in the 2005 survey. As for the mining
industry, the new products i.e. iron and zinc ore were introduced
in the market. In 2005, (at current prices) 1463.3 bln.tugrugs of
industrial production was sold at domestic and foreign market.
773.1 bln.tugrugs or 52.8 percent of the total industrial sold
production was in the foreign market.43
As for composition of sold production of industry, 66.4% is
mining and quarrying industry, 19.5% manufacturing industry, and
14.1% electricity and water supply. Transportation For country with
vast territory and relatively sparsely settled population the
transportation sector is one of the important sectors of Mongolia.
In the last years the transportation enterprises have been
privatized and in that regard the role of private entities in the
sector has increased. Almost all vehicles for passenger and freight
transportation, post transportation vehicles, passenger automobiles
and taxi have been privatized. Mongolian railway comprises 97
percent of national freight turnover, with 1,815 km of railways
connecting Russia and China as well as big domestic industrial
cities as Darkhan, Erdenet and Sukhbaatar. In 2005, volumes of
freight and number of passenger traffic were 25.2 mln.tons and
192.7 mln.people respectively. Freight turnovers reached 10267.1
mln.tons km when passenger turnover was 2696.6 million. Total
transportation income was 308.1 mln.tug composed auto road income,
which was 14.4 percent, railway income 62.8 percent and air
transportation income 22.8 percent respectively. By 2005, the share
of transportation sector in preliminary result of GDP was 8.4
percent. Compared with 2004, volume of freight increased by 16.7%
and number of passengers decreased by 0.8% in 2005. The result of
State vehicle inspection reveals that there are in total 131.2
thous. vehicles registered in 2005, of which 87.8 thousand cars,
27.4 thousand trucks, 11.1 thousand buses, 3.6 thousand specialized
vehicles and 1.3 thousand tank cars. Also, 101.6 thousand private
cars were registered which was 77.4 percent of the total cars. In
2005, total improved auto road was 6.1 thous.km, which composes of
road with hard cover was 2.3 thous.km. Compared with 2004, improved
auto road increased by 443.4 km, road with hard cover by 377.9 km
in 2005.
Information and communication technology During the last years
the number of cellular and wireless telephone users has
considerably increased. In 2002 the number of cellular and wireless
telephone users was 256.8 and 14.0 thousand and in 2005 these
figures reached 570.9 and 23.0 thousand and increased by 2.2 times
and 63.9 percent respectively. There are three satellite mobile
telephone service provider and 300 satellite subscriber. The number
of telephone line was increased and grew from 55 per 1000
inhabitants in 2002 to 63 in 2005. In 1996, first cabel television
sets had established. In 2005, 20 entities were provided with
television service in 29 (duplicated) cities and settlements and
connected about 77.3 thousand users to the sets. In 2005,
e-Mongolia, Public computerization, and Low cost internet programms
were launched in information and communication technologys sector.
Also transmission network in western region replaced by fiber
transmission network, introduced technology of wireless internet,
installed and experimentalized mobile communication CDMA 450 system
in the rural area. In this reason, there have enabled to decrease
cost of internet service, able to use wireless internet in some
places of Ulaanbaatar city and habitants of aimag centers and 17
soums of the west44
Overview
region use mobile telephone and high speed internet. Mobile
telephone network introduced in 21 province center, 99 soum and
settlement and number of fixed and cellular mobile telephone per
100 inhabitants reached to 30. Foreign trade Foreign trade plays
important role in economy development of Mongolia. Since 1990 there
have many measures taken to liberalization of foreign trade and
reduction for tariff limitations and customs barrier were a base to
developing the countrys foreign trade. In 1997, Mongolia joined
World Trade Organization. Mongolia cooperates with United Nations,
specialized organizations and other international economic
organizations, excluding WTO. Thus, Mongolia pays more attention to
increase the countrys export volume and to strengthen staff
capacity. For the 2005 year, total external trade turnover equaled
2249.2 mln. US dollars, of which exports 1064.9 mln. US dollars and
imports 1184.3 mln. US dollars. As compared with the previous year,
total external trade turnover increased by 19.0 percent, of which
exports increased by 22.4 percent and imports by 16.0 percent
respectively. The 2005 year was so pleasant year, because our
exports main commodities prices such as copper, gold, and cashmere
were increased in the world market. In the results of this, the
exports income were increased and exports growth were exceed from
the imports growth by 6.4 points. Because of, the foreign trade
deficit was decreased by 32.0 mln. US dollars compared with the
2004 year. In current year the average price of copper concentrate
per ton reached to 555.6 US dollars. It was the highest price for
the last 5 years and it is increased by 94.9 percent and 10.0
percent, compared with the 2000 and 2004 year. As compared with the
2004 year, mineral products exports increased by 101.0 mln. US
dollars, Row & processed hides, skins, fur & articles
thereof 7.4 mln. US dollars and natural precious and semi-precious
stone and metal jewellery by 88.3 mln. US dollars, which comprised
high percentage in the exports. Import, as for our country includes
all consuming and industrial commodities and the total external
trade balance has turned a deficit caused by weight growth of
petroleum products, which is comprised high percentage in the
import. It also caused by the economic growth, particularly the
manufacturing industry, mining and quarrying, trade and service
sectors growth; the machinery, equipment, electric appliances,
recorders, TV sets & spare parts imports increased by 54.5 mln.
US dollars, mineral products imports by 89.9 mln. US dollars, auto,
air and water transport vehicles and their spare parts imports by
12.2 mln. US dollars, which are comprised high percentage in the
total imports, compared with the previous year.
Balance of payments The balance of payments current account
surplus reached 170.4 mln. US dollars, which was increased by 2.7
times or 107.0 mln. US dollars compared with 2004. The goods and
service account surplus fueled the increase of current accounts
surplus expansion. In 2005, the goods account surplus was grown by
19.7 mln. US dollars, and service account by 136.5 mln. US dollars
respectively compared with 2004. As for the net remittances of
Mongolian citizens, the figure decreased by 8.5 percent or 12.5
mln. US dollars since 2004. This decline was mainly due channeling
considerable reduction of current transfers through banks and other
official channels.45
Capital and financial accounts deficit reached to 29.9 mln. US
dollars, which was increased by 6.8 million US dollars compared
with 2004. Meanwhile, the foreign direct investment reached to 97.3
mln. US dollars in 2005, the foreign direct investment increased by
4.7 percent compared with previous year. Portfolio investment
balance equaled to zero, meanwhile the other investment turned a
deficit of 127.2 mln. US dollars. As a result of these
developments, the overall balance of payment surplus reached 134.5
mln. US dollars showing an increase by 3.9 times or 99.9 mln. US
dollars compared with 2004.
Housing, community service At the national level the housing
stock reached 7371.2 thous.sq.m, in 2005 and increased by 10.6
percent compared with 2002, by 6.8 percent compared with 2003, and
by 3.4 percent compared with 2004. In 2005, 277.5 thous.sq.m
housings were put into exploitation. 96.7 percent of total housing
area was for private houses and apartments and has increased by 6.5
points from 2004. Number of plumbs reached 1039 In 2005 and
increased by 3.7 percent compared with 2004. The number of
households, using distributed water in 2005 reached 273.4 thousand,
which increased by 11.7 thousand households or by 4.8 percent
compared with 2004. In 2004 at the national level was 349 public
baths, in 2005 number of baths reached 369, and increased by 5.7
percent. At the national level 740 hotels have worked in 2005,
which increased by 19.4 percent compared with 2004.
Tourism In 2005, by duplicated numbers about 2.1 mln inbound and
outbound passengers entered and traveled through immigration posts
and the number increased by 14.2 percent compared with 2004. In
2005, foreigners passed through immigration posts, of which 49.7
percent of them were Chinese and 18.0 percent of Russian, 9.0
percent of Korean, 3.8 percent of Japanese, 3.0 percent of American
passengers were registered and 16.5 percent was calculated as of
other countries of inbound passengers. In 2005, 344.7 thousand
foreigners entered in the country. Since then it was increased by
13.0 percent compared with 2004. Foreign passengers visited our
country of 81.9 percent of them were to stay for 30 days, 14.1
percent for 90 days and 4.0 percent for 90 and more days.
Foreigners entered through immigration posts, of which 3.8 percent
was from American continent , 65.2 percent was from East Asia and
Pacific Ocean regions, 30.6 percent was from Europe, 0.2 percent
was from South Asia and 0.2 percent was Middle East regions and
African continent, in 2005. In 2005 as of the total number of
inbound passengers, 51.7 percent were entered through Zamiin-Uud
immigration post, 15.0 percent through Buyant-Ukhaa, 8.2 percent
through Altanbulag, 5.9 percent through Shivee-khuren and 19.2
percent through. Other posts.46
Overview
As for outbound Mongolian, 740.1 thousand passengers traveled
through immigration posts, of which 88.3 percent for private
purposes, while the majority of outbound passengers traveled to
China, Russia and Korea. The majority of outbound Mongolian
passengers and inbound foreign passengers traveled for 30 days.
Household income, expenditure and living standards As results of
the Household income and expenditure sample survey of the latest
year, household total income has decreased in terms of current
prices of the year In 2005 income from wages and salaries increased
by 22 percent salaries at the national level compared with 2004, by
45 percent compared with 2003, and as for pension income , it
increased by 15 percent compared with 2004 and by 51 percent
compared with 2003 respectively. However, real increases adjusted
by inflation for income from wages and salaries were 24 percent in
2005 compared with 2004 and 33 percent compared with 2003. For
income from pensions and allowances increased by 17 percent in 2005
from 2004 and by 38 percent from 2003. The total household income
(expenditure) is defined by adding up the amounts of household
monetary income (expenditure), own consumption and gifts received
free of charge. In 2005, prepared food income from household own
business decreased by 55 percent on average in country from 2004
and by 42 percent from 2003 at the national level. In rural areas
food prepared from own business consisted 52.3 percent, however,
the decrease of total income has influenced to the changes of
structure. As for the household monetary income composition,
expenditures on meat and meat products, housing, education and
health services have increased dramatically. According to results
of sample surveys carried out with the purpose of defining
household living standards and poverty level in 1995, 1998 and
2002-2004, rural areas experience more poverty than urban areas.
However unequal distribution of income among population is higher
in urban areas.
Education Literacy rate of population aged at least fifteen was
97.6 percent according to the population and housing census 2000.
During the 2005-2006 academic year total 556.9 thousand pupils had
accessed in 724 schools which are higher in 29.0 thousands in
comparison with 2002-2003 academic year but it decreased by 0.4
thousand compared with 2004-2005 academic year. Total number of
students who study in external and evening courses reached 10.7
thousand in 2005-2006 academic year and decreased by 1.4 thousand
or by 11.7 percent compared with 2004-2005 academic year. Number of
students studying in universities, institutes, colleges, technical
and vocational schools is increasing dramatically year by year and
this number reached 162.0 thousand, totally in 2005-2006 academic
year. And of those, 70.4 percent of students study in public
schools, 29.6 percent is regarded in private schools. Number of
graduate students from all level of schools has a tendency to
increase. For example, in 2004-2005 academic year the number of
graduates reached 128.1 thousand as47
increased by 9.9 thousand compared with 2003-2004 academic year
and by 25.2 thousand in comparison with 2002-2003 academic year. In
2005-2006 academic year number of pupils dropping out of school,
aged between 7-15 reached 9.0 thousand. The drop-out rate of
2004-2005 academic year was 2.0 andin 20052006 academic year it
reached 1.6 with a decrease of 0.4 points. The number of new
entrants of the first grade increased constantly until 2004-2005
academic year but in 2005-2006 academic year 55.7 thousand pupils
in total were involved in the first grade indicates a decrease of
27.5 percent compared with 2004-2005 academic year It was caused by
the new 11-year educational system of school enrolment for the age
of 7 During the previous academic years, children aged at least up
to 7, 7 and 8 used to be enrolled. . The number of children per
teacher in secondary schools had a tendency to increase till
2004-2005. For instance, this indicator was determined as 25.4 in
2002-2003 academic year, 25.8 in 2003-2004 academic year and this
number reached 26.0 points in 2004-2005 academic year. However,
this indicator has decreased in 2005-2006 academic year and reached
24.6, shows a decrease of 1.4 points. The number of secondary
school teachers has been increasing and in 2005-2006 academic year
this number reached 22.6 thousand as increased by 1.9 thousand
teachers, or by 9.0 percent compared with 2002-2003 academic year
and by 1.2 thousand teachers, or by 5.4 percent compared with
2004-2005 academic years. The number of graduate students from
internal universities and institutes has been increasing and in
2004-2005 academic year, totally 22.4 thousand students graduated
of which 27.1 percentage of graduates were majored in commercial
and business management, 12.4 percent of them were majored in
educational studies and teaching, and 10.0 percentages was
calculated as specialized in engineering. While 10.9 percent of
total graduates were majored in law studies in 2003-2004 academic
year , in 2004-2005 this indicator decreased and reached 7.5
percent, totally. Total 95.0 thousand children have been involved
in kindergartens in 2005-2006 academic year, increased by 1.1
percent compared with 2003-2004 academic year and by 8.4 percent
compared with 2004-2005 academic year. The number of employees of
scientific institutions was 3.2 thousand in 2005 in totally, of
which 70.4 percent was accounted for full-time employees. While the
number of employees for per scientific institution was calculated
as 71 in 2002 on average, it decreased to 62 in 2003 and 56 in 2004
and increased to 58 in 2005. The expenditure of institutional
sector was calculated that 29.8 percent of which was technical,
23.9 percent was natural, 11.6 percent was agricultural, 10.5
percent was medical, 11.0 percent was for social science and
humanitarian sectors, and 13.3 percent was spent on universities in
2005. The total number of public libraries and readers tends to
decrease within the whole country. For instance, in 2002 there were
total 307 public libraries of 296.8 thousand permanent readers were
counted within the country, but this number has been decreasing and
reached 283 public libraries that served only 205.8 thousand
readers in 2005.
Monasteries and temples In Mongolia thanks to democratic
revolution in the countrys society in 1990 and approval of freedom
of citizens worshipping and praying /by new Constitution in 1992/,
new monasteries48
Overview
and temples were started to be built again. First of all,
Buddhist monasteries and temples were being built in large numbers
and it was followed by increased number of establishment of
Muslims, Christ and other religious sects have been built in urban
areas. Number of temples and monasteries was totaled 240 in 2005,
increasing by 6.7 percent from previous year. By 2005, 65.4 percent
of the total monasteries were accounted for Buddhist while 29.2
percent-Christs, 2.9-Musilms and 2.5-other religious sect temples,
respectively. By 2005 14.1 percent of total temples has been
located in Western region while 24.6 percent-Khangai region, 21.7
percent Central region, 7.9 percent Eastern region and 31.7
percent-Capital city of Ulaanbaatar, respectively. By 2005, 4.4
thousand of employees have been calculated as working in religious
monasteries and churches by 2005 and 2.6 thousand of them were
monks who hold religious service. As for the number of monks who
hold religious service, it was estimated by regions that 206 or 7.8
percent of them were in Western, 432 or 16.4 percent were in
Khangai, 299 or 11.4 percent were in Central, 157 or 6.0 percent
were in Eastern regions and 1533 or 58.4 percent of them in Capital
city of Ulaanbaatar. Number of students studying in religious
schools and datsans increased by 12.7percent to 5.6 thousand from
previous 2004 and number of nonadult apprentices who studies
religious conceptions at home increased by 2.1 times and reached
2.4 thousand respectively.
Public health of population The structure of Public Health
Institutions changed and the system of Family hospitals newly
formed Since Mongolia has transited into the Market Economy of
1990. Moreover three kind of medical services have been formed: 1.
Health Insurance system 2. Chargeable system 3. Free of charge
system. By 2005 there were 33.6 thousand employees in health sector
organizations, of which 6.8 thousand senior physicians, 8.0
thousand nurses, 0.8 thousand pharmacists, 14.5 thousand mid level
specialists of hospital, 3.6 thousand physicians and other
employees, calculated as 1.2 nurses were accounted for per senior
physician. Number of senior physicians was 6823 in 2002 but it
decreased by to 6637 by 2.7 percent in 2003 and decreased to 6590
by 0.7 percent in 2004 compared with 2003 but it increased to 6788
by 0.3 percent in 2005 respectively, compared with 2004. There were
accounted 375 people for per senior physician by 2005. In recent
years, number of physicians dealing with pediatrics,
physical-therapy decreased psychiatrists, dermatologists,
communicative and venereal diseases has while the number of
physician for forensic specialists, tuberculosis, and X-ray
physicians tends to increased. In 2005 number of hospital beds was
calculated as 18.3 thousand and it decreased by 0.5 percent
compared with 2004. In 2005, 72 hospital beds, 27 senior physicians
and 57 mid level specialists were calculated for per 10000 people.
Number of patients being sick by communicative diseases were 37.7
thousand in 2002 and was decreasing to 26.9 thousand in 2003 and
increased to 31.3 thousand in 2004 and 32.3 thousand in 2005. It
was caused by an increase of incidents of communicative diseases,
including viral hepatitis, syphilis, gonorrhea, tuberculosis.49
Total expense of health insurance was accounted for 8.0 billion
tugrugs in 2005 with increase of 9.4 percent than 2004. Share of
health sector expense in central government budget increased by 0.8
points to 10.5 percent in 2005 from the previous year. Social
insurance, welfare Total income of social welfare reached 43.3
bln.tugrugs in 2005 and increased by 1.8 times compared with 2004.
The government budget income occupied 99.9 percent of total income
in 2005. Total social expenditure reached 42.0 bln.tugrugs in 2005
and increased by 17.7 bln.tugrugs or by 1.7 times from 2004.
Compared with previous year the share of pension in total social
insurance expenditure has decreased, whereas the share of allowance
in total expenditure has increased. Number of people received
social welfare services reached 754.8 thousand in 2005 and
increased by 5.8 times from 2002, by 5.0 times from 2003, and by
4.9 times from 2004. Number of people received child care allowance
reached 53.9 thousand in 2005. It was decreased by 8.8 percent
compared with 2004. In 2005, 647.5 thousand children from 292.4
thousand families were involved in Government Child money program
and 18.1 bln.tugrugs were spent for this allowance in totally .
Number of pensioners increased by 6.4 thousand compared with 2004
and reached 276.8 thousand in 2005. In 2005 65.0 percent of total
allocated pension were pension for the elders, 17.8