Year 8 History The Vikings Starter Sheets Readings
Year 8 History The Vikings Starter Sheets Readings.
Jan 19, 2016
Welcome message from author
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
Year 8 HistoryThe Vikings
Starter SheetsReadings
Year
8 H
ist
– Th
e V
ikin
gs –
Lesson
1 R
ead
ing
Acti
vit
y
Underl
ine t
he f
ollo
win
g w
ord
s: D
anela
w,
explo
rati
on,
hom
ela
nds,
Norm
an,
Nors
e,
sagas,
sett
lem
ent,
ship
build
ing,
soci
ety
, Lo
okin
g a
t th
e f
ollo
win
g s
ylla
bus
outl
ine 5
thin
gs
you a
lready k
now
about
the V
ikin
gs
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
__
The w
ay o
f lif
e in V
ikin
g s
oci
ety
(so
cial, c
ult
ura
l, e
conom
ic a
nd p
olit
ical fe
atu
res)
and
the r
ole
s and r
ela
tionsh
ips
of
diff
ere
nt
gro
ups
in s
oci
ety
(A
CD
SEH
00
7)
Stu
dents
:•
loca
te t
he V
ikin
g h
om
ela
nds
•id
enti
fy t
he g
eogra
phic
al fe
atu
res
that
help
ed s
hape V
ikin
g s
oci
ety
and
his
tory
•usi
ng a
range o
f so
urc
es,
eg t
he V
ikin
g s
agas,
outl
ine k
ey s
oci
al, c
ult
ura
l,
eco
nom
ic a
nd p
olit
ical fe
atu
res
of
Vik
ing s
oci
ety
•desc
ribe t
he e
very
day life o
f m
en,
wom
en a
nd c
hild
ren in V
ikin
g s
oci
ety
•dis
cuss
the r
ole
of
the N
ors
e g
ods
in V
ikin
g s
oci
ety
Sig
nifi
cant
develo
pm
ents
and/o
r cu
ltura
l ach
ievem
ents
that
led t
o V
ikin
g e
xpansi
on,
incl
udin
g w
eapons
and s
hip
build
ing,
and t
he e
xte
nt
of
their
tra
de (
AC
DSEH
04
7)
Stu
dents
:•
identi
fy t
he e
xte
nt
of
Vik
ing e
xplo
rati
on a
nd t
rade
•id
enti
fy t
he r
egio
ns
conquere
d a
nd/o
r se
ttle
d b
y t
he V
ikin
gs
•expla
in h
ow
and w
hy V
ikin
g e
xpansi
on o
ccurr
ed,
incl
udin
g d
evelo
pm
ents
in
weaponry
and s
hip
build
ing t
ech
nolo
gie
s
•dis
cuss
the t
heory
that
Vik
ings
dis
covere
d A
meri
ca
Vik
ing c
onquest
s and r
ela
tionsh
ips
wit
h s
ubje
ct p
eople
s, incl
udin
g t
he p
ers
pect
ives
of
monks
, ch
anges
in t
he w
ay o
f lif
e o
f th
e E
nglis
h,
and t
he N
orm
an invasi
on
(AC
DSEH
04
8)
Stu
dents
:•
expla
in a
nd a
ssess
the im
pact
of
the V
ikin
gs
on s
ubje
ct p
eople
s in
Engla
nd
and n
ort
hern
Euro
pe,
incl
udin
g t
he D
anela
w
•
dis
cuss
the s
ignifi
cance
of
the N
orw
egia
n (
Vik
ing)
and N
orm
an invasi
ons
of
Engla
nd in 1
06
6
•
outl
ine w
hat
sourc
es
reveal about
diff
ere
nt
pers
pect
ives
on t
he V
ikin
gs,
for
exam
ple
those
of
Englis
h m
onks
The r
ole
of
a s
ignifi
cant
indiv
idual in
the e
xpansi
on o
f V
ikin
g s
ett
lem
ent
and influence
(A
CD
SEH
04
9)
Stu
dents
:•
invest
igate
and a
ssess
the r
ole
of
signifi
cant
indiv
iduals
involv
ed in t
he
expansi
on o
f V
ikin
g s
ett
lem
ent
and influence
, eg E
rik
the R
ed o
r Le
if E
rics
on
•use
sourc
es
to identi
fy d
iffere
nt
pers
pect
ives
on t
he c
hose
n indiv
idual
•dis
cuss
how
the V
ikin
gs
have influence
d t
he w
orl
d t
oday
Year
8 H
ist
– Th
e V
ikin
gs –
Lesson
2 R
ead
ing
Acti
vit
yFa
rmin
gM
ost
Vik
ing f
am
ilies
lived o
n f
arm
s. E
very
one in t
he f
am
ily w
as
expect
ed
to h
elp
wit
h t
he r
unnin
g o
f th
e f
arm
. The s
easo
ns
dic
tate
d t
he r
hyth
m o
f fa
rm life.
Cro
ps
would
be t
ended
duri
ng t
he s
um
mer
and t
hen h
arv
est
ed in t
he a
utu
mn.
Sheep,
goats
and c
att
le w
ere
ta
ken t
o t
he r
ich m
ounta
in p
ast
ure
s in
sum
mer,
where
they g
raze
d.
At
the e
nd o
f autu
mn,
the a
nim
als
would
be r
etu
rned t
o t
he f
arm
. The s
tronger,
younger
anim
als
w
ere
kept
insi
de t
he V
ikin
gs’
house
s duri
ng t
he long w
inte
r, w
hile
the w
eake
r ones
were
sla
ughte
red f
or
their
meat.
It
was
imposs
ible
to g
row
cro
ps
or
gra
ze a
nim
als
, so
many f
arm
ers
went
hunti
ng f
or
deer,
wild
boars
, elk
s, b
ears
, fo
xes,
seals
, w
alr
use
s and w
hale
s. T
he m
eat
of
the h
unte
d a
nim
als
was
bro
ught
hom
e t
o f
eed t
he f
arm
ers
’ fa
mili
es,
while
furs
and
skin
s w
ere
use
d t
o m
ake
clo
thin
g a
nd s
hoes.
Whale
bone a
nd w
alr
us
ivory
(fr
om
w
alr
us
tusk
s) w
ere
made into
house
hold
goods
and d
eco
rati
ve ite
ms.
Sin
ce t
he V
ikin
gs
had n
o r
efr
igera
tion,
meat
had t
o b
e p
rese
rved t
o s
top it
from
rott
ing.
The m
eat
was
pre
serv
ed b
y d
ryin
g a
nd s
alt
ing o
r sm
oki
ng.
The s
kin
s fr
om
sl
aughte
red c
att
le a
nd s
heep w
ere
tanned into
leath
er
for
cloth
ing a
nd o
ther
house
hold
goods.
1.W
ho liv
ed
on
farm
s? _
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
_2
. W
hat
dic
tate
d f
arm
lif
e?_
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
_3
.Wh
at
an
imals
were
kep
t?__
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
_4
. W
hat
was e
ate
n in
win
ter?
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
_5
. H
ow
did
th
e V
ikin
gs s
top
meat
from
rott
ing
?___
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
6.
Wh
at
do y
ou
th
ink t
he V
ikin
gs d
id d
uri
ng
th
e w
inte
r?__
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
_
Vik
ing w
om
en w
ork
ed p
art
icula
rly h
ard
on f
arm
s. T
hey m
ilked c
ow
s and s
heep,
tended
to c
hic
kens,
sow
ed c
rops
in t
he s
pri
ng a
nd m
anaged t
he v
egeta
ble
gard
ens
and fi
eld
s.
In t
he a
utu
mn,
at
the e
nd o
f th
e g
row
ing s
easo
n,
the w
om
en w
ould
be e
xpect
ed t
o
help
bri
ng in t
he h
arv
est
. W
hen h
er
husb
and w
as
aw
ay h
unti
ng o
r ra
idin
g,
the w
ife
was
in c
harg
e o
f th
e f
arm
or
the f
am
ily b
usi
ness
and w
ould
take
up a
sw
ord
to d
efe
nd
her
hom
e if
nece
ssary
.
7.
Wh
y is t
he c
art
oon
fu
nn
y?
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
___
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
___
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
_8
. W
hat
does it
say a
bou
t th
e lif
e o
f V
ikin
g w
om
en
?__
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
___
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
___
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
Year 8 Hist – The Vikings – Lesson 3 Reading ActivityThe information below is missing three important words
the and isFill in the blanks to make sense of the paragraphs
1. List all the countries that the Vikings travelled to.2. List the names of the seas they crossed.3. Using the scale on the map, work out which was the
furthest destination the Vikings reached.
Year
8 H
ist
– Th
e v
ikin
gs –
Lesson
4 V
ikin
g K
narr
Sh
ip w
as u
sed
for
trad
ing
.
1 W
hy a
re t
here
no o
ar
hole
s in
the m
iddle
of
this
ship
? __
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
2 D
o y
ou t
hin
k t
hat
speed w
as
very
im
port
ant
to t
he s
ailo
rs o
f th
e k
narr
?__
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
3 W
hy d
o y
ou t
hin
k t
hat
the h
ull
of
the k
narr
is
wid
er
than t
he longsh
ip?
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
__4
What
was
the m
ain
pow
er
sourc
e f
or
the k
narr
? The s
ail
or
the o
ars
? __
____
____
____
__5
The k
narr
was
use
d f
or
long v
oyages.
Where
do y
ou t
hin
k th
e c
rew
would
sle
ep?
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
__6
Where
would
the c
arg
o b
e k
ept
while
the s
hip
was
at
sea?
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
__7
How
many c
rew
mem
bers
would
the s
hip
need?
What
did
they a
ll do?
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
__8
What
would
the s
ailo
rs h
ave e
ate
n o
n b
oard
? W
as
there
any h
ot
food?
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
__9
. W
hat
do y
ou t
hin
k t
he V
ikin
gs
were
selli
ng?
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
__1
0.
What
do y
ou t
hin
k t
he V
ikin
gs
were
buyin
g?
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
__ D
raw
som
e b
irds
flyin
g o
verh
ead.
Year
8 H
ist
– Th
e V
ikin
gs –
Lesson
5 –
Lin
dis
farn
eIn
79
3ce
Vik
ings
att
ack
ed a
monast
ery
at
Lindis
farn
e.
Lindis
farn
e is
a s
mall
isla
nd o
ff
the n
ort
h e
ast
ern
coast
of
Engla
nd.
The M
onast
ery
conta
ined m
any r
elig
ious
relic
s and
was
a m
ajo
r ce
ntr
e o
f le
arn
ing.
The r
aid
was
swift
and b
ruta
l and m
any m
onks
were
kill
ed o
r ta
ken a
s sl
aves.
The
monast
ery
was
burn
ed a
nd v
alu
able
ite
ms
were
sto
len.
Aft
er
the r
aid
the m
onks
fled L
indis
farn
e w
ith w
hate
ver
relic
s th
ey h
ad m
anaged t
o
save.
The f
ollo
win
g a
ccount
of
the V
ikin
g r
aid
was
reco
rded in t
he A
nglo
Saxo
n C
hro
nic
le.
The A
nglo
Saxo
n C
hro
nic
le is
a c
olle
ctio
n o
f his
tori
cal re
cord
s w
ritt
en in E
ngla
nd d
uri
ng
the 9
th a
nd 1
2th c
entu
ries.
It
is a
n e
xam
ple
of
a p
rim
ary
his
tori
cal so
urc
e w
hic
h m
eans
it w
as
create
d d
uri
ng t
he h
isto
rica
l peri
od b
ein
g s
tudie
d.
This
year
cam
e d
readfu
l fo
rew
arn
ing o
ver
the N
ort
hum
bri
ans
terr
ifyin
g t
he p
eople
m
ost
woefu
lly:
these
were
im
mense
sheets
of
light
rush
ing t
hro
ugh t
he a
ir,
and
whir
lwin
ds
and fi
ery
dra
gons
acr
oss
the fi
rmam
ent.
These
tre
mendous
toke
ns
were
so
on f
ollo
wed b
y a
gre
at
fam
ine a
nd n
ot
long a
fter
on t
he s
ixth
day b
efo
re t
he Ides
of
January
in t
he s
am
e y
ear,
the h
arr
ow
ing inro
ads
of
the h
eath
en m
en m
ade lam
enta
ble
havoc
in t
he c
hurc
h o
f G
od in H
oly
Isl
and (
Lindesf
arn
e)
by r
apin
e a
nd s
laughte
r.
An
sw
er
the f
ollow
ing
.M
atc
h u
ps
Terr
ifyin
g t
he p
eople
most
woefu
llyFla
min
g a
rrow
s acr
oss
the s
ky
Fiery
dra
gons
acr
oss
the fi
rmam
ent
The m
iddle
of
January
Ides
of
Marc
hR
eally
sca
ring p
eople
Wh
at
does t
his
mean
?fo
llow
ed b
y a
gre
at
fam
ine _
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
harr
ow
ing inro
ads
of
the h
eath
en m
en _
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
__m
ade lam
enta
ble
havoc
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
by r
apin
e a
nd s
laughte
r __
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
__
Rew
rite
the e
xerp
t fr
om
the A
nglo
Saxo
n C
hro
nic
le u
sing m
odern
day language
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
___
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
___
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
___
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
___
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
___
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
___
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
___
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
___
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
___
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
___
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
___
____
____
____
____
____
___
Year
8 H
ist
– Th
e V
ikin
gs –
Lesson
6-
Th
e V
ikin
gs i
n E
ng
lan
d
Pu
t in
th
e c
ap
ital
lett
ers
. R
em
em
ber
the n
am
es o
f p
eop
le a
nd
pla
ces a
nd
at
the
sta
rt o
f a s
en
ten
ce!
en
gla
nd
un
der
the v
ikin
gs
engla
nd h
ad s
uff
ere
d n
um
ero
us
vik
ing r
aid
s duri
ng t
he late
8th
and e
arl
y 9
th
centu
ries.
the s
urp
rise
raid
s, c
onduct
ed b
y n
o m
ore
than t
hre
e v
ikin
g longsh
ips
at
a
tim
e,
had f
ocu
ssed o
n c
oast
al m
onast
eri
es
and t
ow
ns
duri
ng t
he s
pri
ng a
nd
sum
mer.
by t
he 8
40
s ce
, how
ever,
the n
atu
re o
f vik
ing a
ttack
s began t
o c
hange.
more
and m
ore
raid
s w
ere
conduct
ed t
han e
ver
befo
re b
y fl
eets
of
more
than 3
00
sh
ips.
th
e g
reat
arm
y
as
the v
ikin
g r
aid
s in
tensi
fied,
the a
nglo
-saxo
ns
trie
d d
esp
era
tely
to fi
ght
back
. in
8
65
ce,
king æ
lla o
f nort
hum
bri
a m
anaged t
o c
aptu
re t
he g
reat
vik
ing leader
ragnar
lodbro
k (a
lso k
now
n
as
‘hair
y b
reech
es’
). a
ccord
ing t
o r
agnar’
s sa
ga,
king æ
lla h
ad
ragnar
thro
wn into
a p
it o
f pois
onous
snake
s, w
here
he d
ied,
pain
fully
.a s
wift
and t
err
ible
revenge f
ollo
wed.
a h
uge v
ikin
g fl
eet
left
denm
ark
and h
eaded
for
engla
nd.
the fl
eet
was
led b
y t
hre
e s
ons
of
ragnar
lodbro
k w
ho w
ante
d t
o a
venge
their
fath
er’
s death
: halfdan,
ivar
the b
onele
ss a
nd g
uth
rum
. th
ey landed in
nort
hum
bri
a a
nd t
he t
housa
nds
of
warr
iors
, know
n a
s th
e g
reat
arm
y,
began looti
ng
and m
urd
eri
ng t
he p
eople
. by 8
74
ce,
the g
reat
arm
y h
ad c
onquere
d t
he k
ingdom
s of
nort
hum
bri
a,
east
anglia
and m
erc
ia.
only
the k
ing o
f w
ess
ex,
know
n a
s alfre
d t
he
gre
at,
was
able
to t
urn
the v
ikin
gs
back
.th
e d
an
ela
w
kin
g a
lfre
d s
igned a
tre
aty
wit
h t
he leaders
of
the g
reat
arm
y t
hat
gave a
larg
e
port
ion o
f engla
nd t
o t
he d
anes.
this
are
a w
as
know
n a
s th
e d
anela
w.
the d
anela
w
was
a p
rosp
ero
us
and fl
ouri
shin
g k
ingdom
, at
least
for
a w
hile
. in
deed,
its
wealt
h
meant
that
it w
as
subje
ct t
o a
ttack
fro
m v
ikin
g r
aid
ers
fro
m o
ther
part
s of
scandin
avia
! by 9
54
ce,
how
ever,
the e
nglis
h h
ad m
anaged t
o d
rive o
ut
the
danela
w’s
kin
g e
rik
blo
odaxe
, m
ark
ing t
he e
nd o
f th
e d
anela
w.
the v
ikin
g k
ing
s
the e
nd o
f th
e d
anela
w,
how
ever,
did
not
mean t
he last
of
the v
ikin
gs
in e
ngla
nd.
in
10
13
ce,
kin
g s
weyn f
ork
beard
of
denm
ark
launch
ed a
noth
er
invasi
on o
f engla
nd
and c
onquere
d t
he e
nti
re c
ountr
y,
beco
min
g k
ing o
f engla
nd.
the r
eig
n o
f kin
g
sweyn w
as
follo
wed b
y t
hat
of
his
son k
ing c
anute
in 1
01
6 c
e,
and t
hen b
y c
anute
’s
sons
hara
ld (
10
35
–10
40
ce)
and h
art
haca
nute
(1
04
0–1
04
2 c
e).
hart
haca
nute
die
d
wit
hout
an h
eir
, so
an e
nglis
h p
rince
, edw
ard
the c
onfe
ssor,
was
crow
ned k
ing.
in 1
06
6 c
e,
edw
ard
the c
onfe
ssor
die
d w
ithout
an h
eir
and t
hre
e m
en c
laim
ed t
he
thro
ne o
f engla
nd:
kin
g h
ara
ld h
ard
rada o
f norw
ay;
haro
ld g
odw
inso
n,
earl
of
ess
ex;
and w
illia
m,
duke
of
norm
andy (
in f
rance
). t
he w
itan d
eci
ded t
o g
ive t
he c
row
n t
o
haro
ld g
odw
inso
n.
in r
esp
onse
, hara
ld h
ard
rada invaded e
ngla
nd w
ith a
fleet
of
30
0 s
hip
s. k
ing h
aro
ld
godw
inso
n t
ook t
he e
nglis
h a
rmy n
ort
h t
o m
eet
hard
rada,
and g
odw
inso
n k
illed
hard
rada in b
att
le.
meanw
hile
, w
illia
m,
duke
of
norm
andy a
lso p
repare
d t
o invade a
nd c
laim
the
englis
h c
row
n.
will
iam
set
sail
from
fra
nce
to e
ngla
nd.
he s
et
up h
is c
am
p a
t hast
ings.
aft
er
defe
ati
ng h
ard
rada,
haro
ld g
odw
inso
n m
arc
hed h
is a
rmy s
outh
to h
ast
ings
to
meet
will
iam
. a t
err
ible
batt
le w
as
fought,
last
ing t
he e
nti
re d
ay.
by s
unse
t, h
aro
ld
godw
inso
n w
as
dead a
nd w
illia
m h
ad w
on.
will
iam
was
crow
ned k
ing o
f engla
nd o
n
chri
stm
as
day 1
06
6ce
.
Year
8 H
ist
– Th
e V
ikin
gs –
Lesson
7 T
he s
ocia
l h
iera
rch
y
Corr
ect
the t
ense
s and m
issi
ng ‘
the’
‘and’
‘or’
Vik
ing s
oci
ety
was/
were
org
anis
ed into
a s
tric
t so
cial hie
rarc
hy.
In _
____
earl
y V
ikin
g P
eri
od,
kings
rule
d s
mall
kingdom
s. T
hey w
ere
/was e
xpect
ed t
o p
erf
orm
re
ligio
us
ritu
als
___
__ p
rote
ct t
heir
/th
ere
/th
ey’r
e p
eople
again
st invaders
. D
uri
ng _
____
Vik
ing A
ge,
kin
gs
began a
ttack
ing n
eig
hbouri
ng k
ingdom
s in
an a
ttem
pt
to e
nla
rge t
heir
/th
ere
/th
ey’r
e o
wn k
ingdom
s __
___
beco
me m
ore
pow
erf
ul. Ja
rls,
or
chie
ftain
s, h
eld
larg
e a
reas
of
land.
They w
ere
/was w
ealt
hy,
pow
erf
ul __
___
ow
ned m
any s
laves.
They w
ere
/was e
xpect
ed t
o p
rovid
e w
arr
iors
to
fight
for
the k
ing.
Most
Vik
ings
were
/was k
arl
s,
____
_ fr
ee m
en a
nd w
om
en.
Karl
s ow
ned
their
/th
ere
/th
ey’r
e o
wn land _
____
ran t
heir
/th
ere
/th
ey’r
e o
wn f
arm
s, w
ith t
he
help
of
one _
____
tw
o s
laves.
Som
e k
arl
s w
ork
ed a
s art
isans
____
_ m
erc
hants
. K
arl
s w
ere
/was e
xpect
ed t
o join
jarl
s in
raid
s __
___
batt
les.
Th
ralls w
ere
/was a
t th
e
low
est
level of
Vik
ing s
oci
ety
—th
ey w
ere
/was s
laves.
They h
ad n
o r
ights
, w
ere
/was
legally
ow
ned b
y o
ther
people
and w
ere
bought
____
_ so
ld a
t sl
ave m
ark
ets
lik
e c
att
le
____
_ oth
er
goods.
A t
hra
ll’s
mast
er
had c
ontr
ol over
his
___
__ h
er
life.
Corr
ect
the s
pellin
g.
Wri
te in
th
e c
orr
ect
sp
ellin
g in
th
e s
pace p
rovid
ed
In V
ikin
g s
oci
ety
there
were
th
ree g
roops:
jarl
s, k
arl
s and
thra
lls.
Jarl
s w
ere
kin
gs,
cheeft
ain
s and n
oble
men.
These
wealt
hy land o
wners
and
warr
iors
org
inis
ed t
radin
g a
nd r
aid
ing p
art
ies
overs
eas.
Karl
s w
ere
fre
em
en a
nd
wom
en w
ho m
ade u
p t
he m
agori
ty o
f V
ikin
g s
oci
ety
. They
ow
ned land a
nd r
an
most
of
the b
usi
nese
s and t
he
govern
ment. T
hra
lls,
or
slaves,
were
the
low
ist
class
of
Vik
ing s
oci
ety
. They h
ad n
o
rights
and c
ould
not
vote
.
__________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
__________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
__________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
Pu
t in
th
e m
issin
g a
or
e
‘‘Th__
Thin
g’
w__
s __
Vik
ing _
_ss_
_mbly
of
fr__
__ m
__n w
ho m
__t
r__g
ul_
_rly
in
th__
loc_
_l p
rovin
c__
or
kin
gdom
. __
t Th__
Thin
g,
dis
put_
_s o
v__
r pro
p__
rty,
crim
__
__nd f
__m
ily h
onour
w__
r__
r__s
olv
__d.
__ll
fr__
__ m
__n w
__r_
_ __
llow
__d t
o v
ot_
_ __
t Th__
Thin
g,
but
fr__
__ m
__n
would
usu
__lly
vot_
_ th
__ s
__m
__ w
__y _
_s t
h__
ir j__
rl.
__v__
n t
h__
kin
g h
__d t
o o
b__
y
d__
cisi
ons
m__
d__
__t
Th__
Thin
g.
If _
_ p__
rson h
__d b
____
n _
_ccu
s__d
of
__ c
rim
__,
h__
or
sh__
h__
d t
o s
t__n
d t
ri__
l. If
th__
__c
cus_
_d w
__s
found g
uilt
y,
Th__
Thin
g d
__ci
d__
d
th__
ir p
unis
hm
__nt.
Th__
y c
ould
b__
fin__
d,
m__
d__
__
sl__
v__
or
b__
d__
cl__
r__d
__n
outl
__w
. O
nc_
_ outl
__w
__d,
th__
y w
__r_
_ no long__
r und__
r th
__ p
rot_
_cti
on o
f th
__ l__
w _
_nd h
__d
to fl
____
, __
s it
w__
s l_
_g__
l fo
r __
nyon__
to k
ill _
_n o
utl
__w
__d p
__rs
on.
Year
8 H
ist
– Th
e V
ikin
gs –
Lesson
8 –
Hom
e lif
e
Th
e L
on
g H
ou
se
•The h
ouse
usu
ally
had o
ne _
____
____
. A
ll __
____
____
_ m
em
bers
, in
cludin
g t
he
gra
ndpare
nts
liv
ed u
nder
the s
am
e r
oof. A
ll act
ivit
ies
took p
lace
there
. T
here
were
no _
____
____
____
__ B
eds
were
sim
ple
bench
es
that
were
pla
ce a
long t
he o
uts
ide w
all.
C
hild
ren h
ad n
o p
rivacy
as
many c
hild
ren d
o t
oday.
•D
uri
ng w
inte
r als
o h
ouse
d _
____
____
____
_•
Walls
and r
oof
made o
f w
ood,
____
____
____
____
& t
urf
– g
aps
fille
d w
ith c
lay
•Flo
or
made o
f eart
h,
stam
ped h
ard
and s
pre
ad w
ith _
____
____
____
____
____
•W
alls
covere
d w
ith r
ugs
or
anim
al sk
ins
to k
eep o
ut
the _
____
____
____
____
__•
Fire
pla
ce b
urn
ing c
onst
antl
y,
____
____
____
____
____
___
pass
ing t
hro
ugh a
hole
in t
he
roof
bed
room
s,
sto
ne,
room
, w
ind
, an
imals
, fa
mily,
str
aw
, sm
oke
Fort
ress o
f M
igh
ty O
ak a
nd
Eart
h N
um
era
cy (
Non
-Calc
ula
tor)
The V
ikin
g F
ort
ress
'Kovir
ke' is
6.5
km
long a
nd w
as
built
in 8
08
. K
now
n a
s a r
am
part
it
was
built
wit
h h
uge o
ak
pole
s about
4 m
long w
hic
h w
ere
dug into
the
eart
h.
It w
as
1.8
6m
betw
een e
ach
pole
so c
alc
ula
tions
show
there
must
have b
een
35
00
pole
s. C
ross
wis
e b
etw
een t
he p
ole
s w
ere
pla
nks
whic
h h
eld
the e
art
h.
These
pla
nks
funct
ioned a
s ch
est
pro
tect
ion f
or
the w
arr
iors
. D
iagonal pole
s ke
pt
the w
hole
th
ing in p
lace
.It
has
been c
alc
ula
ted t
hat
12
,00
0-1
4,0
00
oaks
must
have b
een u
sed t
o
build
this
ram
part
. A
whole
fore
st!
The e
art
h f
or
the r
am
part
cam
e f
rom
the r
am
part
dig
gin
gs
- 4
0,0
00
m3
in a
ll. N
obody k
now
s how
many m
en w
ork
ed o
n t
he r
am
part
s.
Indic
ati
ons
are
that
it w
as
a r
ush
job.
Pro
bably
20
00
men c
ould
have b
uilt
it
in a
m
onth
.A
nsw
er
the f
ollow
ing
qu
esti
on
s a
bou
t th
e p
assag
es:
1.H
ow
many y
ears
enco
mpass
ed t
he V
ikin
g A
ge?_
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
_2
.If
built
in 8
08
, how
long a
go w
as
that?
___
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
3.F
or
how
many c
entu
ries
has
Sca
ndin
avia
now
pra
ctic
ed C
hri
stia
nit
y?
____
____
____
____
__4
.How
long w
ould
it
have t
ake
n h
alf a
s m
any m
en t
o b
uild
Kovir
ke?
____
____
____
____
____
5.H
ow
many m
en w
ould
have b
een n
eeded t
o b
uild
it
in 3
weeks
?__
____
____
____
____
____
6.If
12
,00
0 o
aks
were
cut
dow
n,
how
many d
id e
ach
man c
ut?
___
____
____
____
____
____
_7
.If
there
were
3,5
00
pole
s, h
ow
many d
id e
ach
man d
ig into
the e
art
h?
____
____
____
___
Dra
w a
lon
gh
ou
se
Year
8 H
ist
– Th
e V
ikin
gs –
Lesson
9 -
Vik
ing
Ch
ild
hood
V
ikin
g C
hild
hood
– m
issin
g I
_n V
_k_n
g s
oc_
ety
_nfa
nts
born
s_c
kly
or
w_t
h a
ph
ys_
cal
d_s
ab_l
_ty w
ere
take
n f
rom
the m
oth
er
and
left
to o
uts
_de a
way f
rom
th
e h
om
e t
o d
_e. C
h_l
dre
n e
mbra
ced b
y t
he f
ath
er
were
nam
ed _
n a
sp
ec_
al ce
rem
ony.
Even a
fter
be_n
g s
ele
cted t
o l_v
e,
V_k
_ng c
h_l
dre
n
st_l
l su
ffere
d g
reatl
y. D
_sease
s fo
r w
h_c
h t
here
were
no t
reatm
en
ts o
r cu
res
k_lle
d m
any c
h_l
dre
n.
_t h
as
been e
st_m
ate
d t
hat
about
on
e _
n
f_ve c
h_l
dre
n d
_ed b
efo
re t
he_r
f_f
th b
_rth
day.
Nearl
y a
s m
any d
_d n
ot
reach
age t
wenty
. Fe
w V
_k_n
gs
l_ved b
eyond
the_r
f_f
t_eth
b_r
thday.
A
t te
n y
ears
of
age, V
_k_n
g c
h_l
dre
n w
ere
cons_
dere
d t
o b
e
adult
s. D
ur_
ng t
he_r
ch_l
dhood, th
ey d
_dn
't a
tten
d s
chool. T
here
just
w
ere
n't
any s
chools
_n V
_k_n
g t
_mes.
Just
beca
use
there
were
n't
any
schools
doesn
't m
ean t
hat
ch_l
dre
n w
ere
n't
edu
cate
d. B
y t
he a
ge o
f f_
ve,
V_k
_ng c
h_l
dre
n w
ere
expect
ed
to w
ork
to s
upp
ort
the h
om
est
ead
. C
h_l
dre
n w
ere
req
u_r
ed
to learn
the job
s of
the a
dult
s. S
_nce
most
V
_k_n
gs
were
farm
ers
, both
boys
and g
_rls
were
exp
ect
ed t
o k
eep
the
fam
_ly f
arm
go_n
g.
Vik
ing
Ch
ild
hood
– m
issin
g o
Gir
ls w
ere
taught
j_b
s re
late
d t
_ ru
nnin
g a
h_u
seh_l
d. B
_ys
were
expect
ed
t_
learn
h_w
t_
manage t
he f
arm
an
d h
_w t
_ m
ake
the
item
s re
quir
ed f
_r e
very
day life. U
nti
l th
ey w
ere
fift
een y
ears
_ld
, b
_ys
and g
irls
liv
ed v
ery
diff
ere
nt
lives.
U
nti
l th
ey w
ere
five y
ears
_ld
, m
_st
Vik
ing b
_ys
were
rais
ed
and c
are
d f
_r b
y t
heir
pare
nts
and g
ran
dpare
nts
in t
he V
ikin
g e
xte
nded
fam
ily. A
t th
e a
ge _
f fi
ve, m
an
y b
_ys
were
sent
t_ t
he h
_me _
f an u
ncl
e _
r a r
esp
ect
ed m
em
ber
_f t
he c
_mm
unit
y w
h_
c_u
ld t
each
them
all
the
skill
s re
quir
ed
_f
a V
ikin
g m
an
.
Vik
ing
Ch
ild
hood
– m
issin
g e
For
th_
n_x
t fi
v_
or
so y
_ars
, th
_s_
boys
l_arn
_d a
ll th
_ sk
ills
th_y
n__
d_d
to b
_ su
cc_s
sfu
l fa
rm_r
s and
warr
iors
. B
y w
ork
ing
sid
_-by-
sid_
wit
h a
du
lts,
th
_ boys
l_arn
_d h
ow
pla
nt
an
d c
ar_
for
crop
s, r
ais
_ liv
_sto
ck lik
_ ca
ttl_
, sh
__p a
nd g
oats
an
d t
rad_
goods
pro
duc_
d b
y t
h_
fam
ily. B
y t
h_
ag_
of
fift
__n, b
oth
boys
ar_
gir
ls w
_r_
lik_l
y t
o b
_ m
arr
i_d.
Year
8 H
ist
– Th
e V
ikin
gs –
Lesson
10
- N
ors
e G
od
s C
loze P
assag
e A
cti
vit
yThe V
ikin
gs
were
___
____
____
_. T
hey b
elie
ved in m
any g
ods.
Audhum
bla
, th
e c
ow
and
____
____
, th
e g
iant
form
ed f
rom
the ice
melt
ing in G
innungagap.
Audhum
bla
unco
vere
d _
____
__,
one d
ay w
hen lic
kin
g t
he f
rost
.B
uri
got
marr
ied a
nd h
ad t
hre
e s
ons,
Vill
i, V
e a
nd _
____
__.
They h
ate
d _
____
____
, and
kill
ed Y
mir.
Odin
beca
me t
he c
hie
f god.
He w
as
god o
f w
isdom
, w
ar
and _
____
____
_, a
s w
ell
as
poetr
y. H
e h
ad t
raded o
ne _
___
for
his
wis
dom
. H
e h
ad t
wo _
____
____
whic
h
bro
ught
him
info
rmati
on.
He r
ode in a
chari
ot
led b
y a
n e
ight
legged _
____
____
__.
He
had
a s
pear
that
alw
ays
hit
its
targ
et
and a
bow
that
shot
____
arr
ow
s at
once
. O
din
m
arr
ied _
____
____
__.
They h
ad t
wo s
ons
calle
d _
____
___,
and B
ald
er,
the g
od o
f __
____
___.
Thor
was
the g
od o
f __
____
____
___.
He w
as
a p
rote
ctor
god a
nd a
god o
f cr
ops.
He w
as
very
str
ong a
nd h
ad _
____
_ hair.
He r
ode in a
cart
pulle
d b
y t
wo g
iant
____
____
___.
Thor
ow
ned t
he _
____
____
___
calle
d M
jolln
ir,
whic
h a
lways
hit
its
targ
et
and r
etu
rn t
o h
im.
He h
ad a
___
____
__ k
now
n a
s M
egin
gja
rd t
hat
made h
im e
ven s
tronger.
Thor
marr
ied
Siv
, goddess
of
the _
____
____
____
.Lo
ki w
as
the g
od o
f fire
, and _
____
____
_. H
e p
layed a
lot
of
____
____
____
___
on t
he o
ther
gods.
He k
illed _
____
____
__ a
nd w
as
punis
hed w
ith s
nake
___
____
____
__.
The g
oddess
of
love a
nd f
ert
ility
was
____
____
____
_. S
he h
ad a
tw
in b
roth
er
calle
d
____
____
__.
He w
as
the g
od o
f cr
ops.
Their
fath
er
was
____
____
____
___,
god o
f sh
ips
and
the _
____
__.
Freya c
ried t
ears
of
____
____
___,
and r
ode in a
chari
ot
led b
y _
____
___.
W
ord
lis
t: v
en
om
, cats
, g
ian
ts,
Od
in,
am
ber,
Th
or,
pag
an
s,
eye,
Fri
gg
, g
oats
, Fre
yr,
Njo
rd,
red
, Fre
ya,
thu
nd
er,
corn
field
s,
mis
ch
ief,
sea,
Bald
er,
tri
cks,
belt
, B
uri
, ra
ven
s,
lig
ht,
Ym
ir,
death
, te
n,
hors
e,
ham
mer.
Vik
ing
beliefs
Sp
ellin
g M
ista
kes
The V
ikin
gs
bele
eved _
____
____
____
__ t
he g
ods
were
div
ided into
Tw
o f
am
ilies,
calle
d
the A
sar
and V
anir.
Both
Fa
mili
es
lived in a
pla
se _
____
____
____
____
___
calle
d A
sgard
. This
was
join
ed t
o E
art
h b
y a
rain
bow
bri
dge,
calle
d
Bifro
st.
The E
art
h w
as
calle
d
Mid
gard
. The
Vik
ings
thow
ht
____
____
____
____
___
that
it w
as
surr
ounded b
y a
deep
oce
an f
ull
of
monst
ers
. B
eyond t
his
oce
an w
as
a p
lace
calle
d U
tgard
where
the F
rost
gia
nts
liv
ed.
They w
ere
enem
ees
____
____
____
__ o
f th
e g
ods
and w
ould
eventu
ally
kill
th
em
in b
att
le.
The
Vik
ings
als
o t
hought
there
was
a p
lace
calle
d N
iflheim
whit
ch
____
____
____
___
was
deep in t
he E
art
h a
nd f
ull
of
icy m
ists
. V
ikin
g w
arr
iors
belie
ved
they
would
be t
ake
n t
heir
if
they d
ied in b
ed.
•1
.The V
ikin
gs
were
poly
theis
ts,
whic
h m
eans
that
thay w
ors
hip
ped m
any d
iffere
nt
gods
and g
oddess
es.
___
____
____
_•
2.T
he g
ods
had m
anny h
um
an-l
ike c
hara
cteri
stic
s. _
____
____
____
____
____
____
•3
.There
were
many r
elig
ious
sere
monie
s held
in c
leari
ng in t
he f
ore
st.
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
_•
4.T
he V
ikin
gs
belie
ved t
hat
they w
ould
gayn h
elp
fro
m t
he g
ods
by g
ivin
g t
hem
sa
crifi
ces.
___
____
____
____
____
___
•5
.Many V
ikin
gs
belie
ved t
hat
a d
ead p
ers
on’s
spir
it s
ayld
to t
he n
ext
life in a
ship
. __
____
____
____
____
____
____
__•
The w
ealt
hie
st a
nd m
ost
im
port
ant
Vik
ings
were
burr
ied in s
hip
s w
ith e
very
thin
g
they w
ould
need in t
he a
fterl
ife.
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
_
Year
8 H
ist
– Th
e V
ikin
gs –
Lesson
11
B
uri
al
The V
ikin
gs
were
str
ong _
____
____
__in
life a
fter
death
. They b
uri
ed t
heir
dead w
ith g
rave _
____
____
, tr
ust
ing t
hat
the d
ead w
ould
need t
hese
ite
ms
in t
he
____
____
____
___.
The _
____
____
___o
f a V
ikin
g d
ete
rmin
ed t
he t
ypes
of
gra
ve g
oods
that
mig
ht
be b
uri
ed w
ith h
im o
r her
aft
er
death
. A
thra
ll’s
body w
as
pla
ced in a
sim
ple
__
____
____
__box
alo
ng w
ith s
om
e
pers
onal it
em
s, s
uch
as
a _
____
____
or
sew
ing t
ools
. K
arl
s’ b
odie
s w
ere
pla
ced in _
____
____
gra
ves
that
were
lin
ed w
ith w
ood.
Their
tools
(su
ch a
s axe
s,__
____
____
, w
eig
hin
g s
cale
s, h
am
mers
, nails
, needle
s, t
hre
ad
and c
ookin
g p
ots
) w
ere
buri
ed w
ith t
hem
, alo
ng w
ith _
____
____
coin
s. D
ogs
and h
ors
es
were
som
eti
mes
and b
uri
ed w
ith t
heir
karl
mast
er.
Wealt
h,
silver,
Believers
, sacri
ficed
com
b,
larg
e,
wood
en
, g
ood
s,
aft
erl
ife,
plo
ug
hs
Jarl
chie
ftain
s and _
____
____
____
_had t
he m
ost
spect
acu
lar
buri
als
. Their
bodie
s and
gra
ve _
____
____
____
_ w
ere
pla
ced in a
longsh
ip,
as
if t
o t
ransp
ort
them
to t
he n
ext
worl
d.
The longsh
ip w
as
then _
____
____
____
_ or
burn
ed.
Gra
ve g
oods
for
kings
or
wealt
hy jarl
s m
ight
incl
ude _
____
____
____
____
_, c
hest
s of
silv
er
coin
s, f
urn
iture
, sl
eig
hs,
ca
rts,
tools
, sa
crifi
ced h
ors
es,
fine c
loth
ing,
orn
am
ents
and o
ther
pre
cious
obje
cts.
Sla
ves
were
oft
en _
____
____
____
____
____
____
_to d
ie w
ith t
heir
mast
ers
so t
hat
they
could
them
to t
he n
ext
worl
d.
accom
pan
y
bu
ried
g
ood
s
jew
ellery
r
eq
uir
ed
r
oyalt
y
Imagin
e y
ou a
re a
Vik
ing.
What
would
you b
e b
uri
ed w
ith t
o h
elp
you in t
he n
ext
life?
Dra
w y
ours
elf a
nd label your
belo
ngin
gs.
Year
8 H
ist
– Th
e V
ikin
gs –
Lesson
12
Related Documents
