YANG Xiaoyang Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences The 2nd Roundtable on Transboundary Air Pollution in Northeast Asia, Dec. 9, 2016, Seoul, Korea
YANG Xiaoyang
Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences
The 2nd Roundtable on Transboundary Air Pollution in Northeast Asia, Dec. 9, 2016, Seoul, Korea
Contents
1. Air pollution in China
2. Countermeasures
3. New issue
4. International collaboration activities
Economic growth / air pollution
1960 2015 1990 2000 1
10
5
Trillion
Major pollutants
1970
TSP TSP SO2
TSP PM2.5 SO2 NOx
Major sources industry
GDP US$
Some point sources
Emission
“Report on the state of the environment in China” (2000-2015)
China National Environment Monitoring Center
“The 13th Five-Year Plan”
(2016-2020) SO2 & NOx 15% reduction 0
5
10
15
20
25
30
20
00
20
01
20
02
20
03
20
04
20
05
20
06
20
07
20
08
20
09
20
10
20
11
20
12
20
13
20
14
20
15
20
16
20
17
20
18
20
19
20
20
106 ton
SO2 NO2
Air quality
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
SO2 NO2 PM10
μg
/m3
2001 2005 2010 2015
China National Environmental Monitoring Center (CNEMC)
Global ambient PM2.5
North America 10 Global 20 East Asia 34 Population-weighted geometric mean concentrations, average of 2001-2006
Aaron van Donkelaar, et al. 2010. Global Estimates of Ambient Fine Particulate Matter Concentrations from Satellite-based Aerosol Optical
Depth: Development and Application. Environ Health Perspect :-. doi:10.1289/ehp.0901623
PM2.5
Smog harms Beijing air on Jan. 10, 2012 [China.org.cn, January 16, 2012.
http://www.china.org.cn/environment/2012-01/16/content_24416460.htm] Visibility
degrade
Health
effect
Fine particles increasing
(PM2.5)
coal-
burning
pollution
combined
pollution
Air pollution type changing
Haze pollution
Countermeasures
Ambient air quality standards (GB3095-2012)
Feb., 2012
The Law on the Prevention and Control of Air Pollution (amendment)
Aug., 2015
Politburo collective study of ecological civilization construction
May, 2013
Heavy air pollution warning
Sep., 2013
Environmental Protection Law (amendment)
Apr., 2014
Air pollution prevention and
control action plan
Sep., 2013
MEP pilot monitoring (74 cities)
Aug., 2011
Air pollution control in key
areas (12th Five Year Plan)
Sep., 2012
Promote joint prevention and control of air pollution to improve regional air quality guidance
May, 2010
Performance assessment measures for air pollution prevention and control action plan
Apr., 2014
Three areas and nine urban agglomeration
Beijing -Tianjin-Hebei (BTH)
Yangtze River Delta (YRD)
Pearl River Delta (PRD)
Northeast
Central plain
Xi’an
Changsha Wuhan
Xinjiang
Chengyu
Shandong Peninsula
Ambient Air Quality Standard
Issued in Feb. 2012.
Mainly modification: PM2.5 and 8 hours averaged O3 newly added. Correspondingly monitoring network for PM2.5 and O3 expanded.
4-steps implementation: I. 2012 – “BTH”, “YRD”, “PRD”
and provincial capitals II. 2013 - 113 key cities III. 2015 - all major cities IV. 2016 - nationwide
(µg/m3) PM2.5
PM2.5 (annual) 35
PM2.5 (daily) 75
O3 -8h (daily) 160
Air pollution prevention and control action plan
Specific indicators : 2017 year
PM2.5
PM2.5
PM2.5
PM10
10% 15% 20% 25%
YRD PRD Nationwide
2012
2017
Goal: “After the five years’ efforts, the overall national air quality shall be improved. Heavily polluted days shall be reduced dramatically. Regional air quality in JJJ, YRD and PRD will be turned better. Through another five years’ or even longer efforts, heavily polluted days shall gradually be eliminated and the national air quality shall be improved significantly..”
BTH
Beijing
60 μg/m3
PM2.5
2015 80.6 μg/m3
Air quality
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
PM2.5 PM10 SO2 NO2 O3 CO
μg
/m3
2013 2014 2015
“Report on the state of the environment in China” (2013-2015)
China National Environment Monitoring Center
New issue O3
2013 74 cities 2015 338 cities
PM2.5
O3-8h 90th
Improved
Worse?
O3 formation in troposphere
NO2 + hν → O(3P) + NO O(3P) + O2 → O3
O3 + NO → O2 + NO2
RH + OH → H2O + R R + O2 → RO2 RO2 + NO → RO + NO2
RO → → HO2 + other products HO2 + NO → OH + NO2
NO2 + O2 ⇔ O3 + NO hν
VOC + O2 → → → O3 + products hν NOx
VOCs
NO2- NH4
+ , NO3-
HONO
NO
O3
HCHO
NO2
OH HO2
VOC SO2
O3
PM2.5
SNA
SOA
NO2
VOCs is an important precursor of O3
The contribution of VOCs to Secondary Organic Aerosol (SOA) is about 20-50%
Alkanes Alkenes
Alkynes
Aromatics
Oxygenated VOCs
Others
Volatile organic compounds
Health effects (BTEX et al.)
Climate change (warming…)
Policies for VOCs
Technologies and Policies on Volatile Organic
Compound (VOC) Pollution Control (MEP, May 2013)
State Council Air Pollution Prevention and Control
Action Plan (Sep. 2014)
Technical Guide on Atmospheric Volatile Organic Compounds Source Inventory (MEP, Jan. 2015).
Law on the Prevention and Control of Air Pollution (Aug. 2015).
International collaboration activities (CRAES)
Acid Deposition Monitoring Network in East Asia
(EANET) - technical support for MEP
Long-range Transboundary Air Pollutants in
Northeast Asia Project (LTP) – leading unit of China
side
China-Korea Air Quality Joint Research Team –
CRAES & NIER
Thank you!
YANG Xiaoyang Atmospheric Environment Institute Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences [email protected]