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1Copyright Carrier Corp. 2008Copyright Carrier Corp. 2008
HAP for LEEDCertification
Presented By:
Software Systems
Presented By:
Software Systems
2008 Carrier Corp.
WelcomeWelcome
Rudy Romijn, LEEDAPCommercial Systems
Marketing Carrier Corporation Carrier UniversitySyracuse, New
York
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2 2008 Carrier Corp.
Enter project weather data per LEED requirements
Use HAP Building and Equipment Wizard to create proposed
building
Edit Wizard Created Library items Space data
Enter Equipment Wizard Created System properties for proposed
building
Use HAP Reports to select and enter equipment data
Introductions
Goals:
2008 Carrier Corp.
Edit Wizard Created Plant Data Enter Building data for
simulation including misc. components and utility rates
Simulate proposed building, note yearly operating costs
Create Baseline Building from Proposed building data.
Edit Space, system, plant and building properties for baseline
building
Verify Sizing data
Introductions
Goals:
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3 2008 Carrier Corp.
Examine Unmet loads Rotate Baseline building 3
times, average the rotation operating costs
Note percentage operating cost improvement of proposed building
versus baseline average
Determine LEED 2009 EA Cr-1 points achieved
Use HAP simulation outputs to complete LEED credit template
Examine Alternate Building designs
Introductions
Goals:
2008 Carrier Corp.
Todays FocusTodays Focus LEED-2009 BD&C EA Prerequisite
2
Minimum Energy Performance Based on ASHRAE/IESNA
Standard 90.1-2007 OR Local Energy Codes Whichever is more
stringent
EA Credit 1 Optimize Energy Performance 2-19 points
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4 2008 Carrier Corp.
Class Manual
Review Class Manual
2008 Carrier Corp.
HAP for LEEDCD contains all material covered in class along with
additional invaluable reference material
Review HAP For LEED Class CD
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5 2008 Carrier Corp.
What Is The Procedure?What Is The Procedure?
2008 Carrier Corp.
What Is The Procedure?What Is The Procedure?
Grand Total
Non-HVAC Sub-Total
Misc. Fuel Use
Misc. Electric
Electric Equipment
Lights
HVAC Sub-Total
Cooling Tower Fans
Pumps
Heating
Cooling
Air System Fans
Proposed Building ($)Component
Table 1 Annual Costs
Proposed Building Baseline Building(s)
0 Rotation (same as Proposed)
90 Rotation
180 Rotation
270 Rotation
Average Baseline
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6 2008 Carrier Corp.
Baseline $______
Baseline 90 $______
Baseline 180 $______
Baseline 270 $______
Average $ 132,716
Average Baseline Annual Operating Costs Average Baseline Annual
Operating Costs
Rotate baseline building 90, 180 & 270
Determine building energy cost for each
2008 Carrier Corp.
Determine LEED Credit Points for Proposed BuildingDetermine LEED
Credit Points for Proposed Building
Determining points for EAc1 for proposed system
% Savings* = Baseline (Avg) Energy Cost Proposed Bld Energy
Costs/Baseline (Avg) Energy Cost= % ? points!
1944%48%
1842%46%
1740%44%
1638%42%
1536%40%
1434%38%
1332%36%
1230%34%
1128%32%
1026%30%
924%28%
822%26%
720%24%
618%22%
516%20%
414%18%
312%16%
210%14%
18%12%
PointsEB RenovationNew Building
* ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1-2007, Appendix G1.2
716,132$957,102$716,132$100 =
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7 2008 Carrier Corp.
Design Process...see handoutDesign Process...see handout
Review Design Process as related to Proposed Building
Using Carrier HAP v 4.5 for LEED ENERGY AND ATMOSPHERE CREDIT 1
ANALYSIS
2008 Carrier Corp.
Baseline BuildingBaseline Building
Baseline building model will use the prescriptive method based
on ASHRAE 90.1-2007, Appendix G requirements
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Purpose - Fill In the On-Line LEEDSubmittal TemplatesPurpose -
Fill In the On-Line LEEDSubmittal Templates
2008 Carrier Corp.
Lets Now Look at the Proposed and Baseline BuildingsLets Now
Look at the Proposed and Baseline Buildings
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9 2008 Carrier Corp.
Proposed Building Overview Section 7 ManualProposed Building
Overview Section 7 Manual
Location: St. Louis, Missouri 3 Floors 30,000 sq ft per floor
Natural gas is available so we will use it!
2008 Carrier Corp.
ASHRAE 90.1-2007ASHRAE 90.1-2007 Interpretation of the Standard
is critical! Proper modeling
Accurately translate requirements Accurately enter data into HAP
Proper interpretation of the reports
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2008 Carrier Corp.
Project Data: Weather, Climate, Space Usage Table 7.2.1
(Baseline & Proposed)Project Data: Weather, Climate, Space
Usage Table 7.2.1 (Baseline & Proposed)
Flat Rate: St. LouisUtility Rate: Natural Gas
Complex Rate: St. Louis, MOUtility Rate: ElectricCarrier HAP
4.5Simulation Program12 ftFloor-to-floor Height3Quantity of
Floors
30,000 ft2 per floor Space SummaryConditioned Area
Office (Building Area Method)Space (Building) Usage4AClimate
Zone
USA_MISSOURI_ST_LOUIS_TMY2.HW1Simulation Weather Data
93/76.1 F (1% cooling design DB / MCWB)
2 F (99.6% heating design)
Design Weather DataSt. Louis, Missouri (USA)LocationLEED 2009
BD&C ExampleProject Name
2008 Carrier Corp.
Workshop 1 & 2 Start HAP 4.50Workshop 1 & 2 Start HAP
4.50
1. Go to Project then Retrieve HAP 4.5 Dataa. Navigate to Class
CDb. Navigate to folder 02. HAP Unsolved Workshop Archivesc.
Highlight LEED Class Archive #1
Workshop 1 - 7 Unsolved 2. Click Open/Retrieve/OK Save the
project. 3. Enter Design & Simulation Weather data Refer to
Workshops 1 & 2 in the Manual
LEED Class Archive # 1 Workshop 1-7 Unsolved 2008.E3A
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2008 Carrier Corp.
ASHRAE Weather DataASHRAE Weather Data
Reference:2009 ASHRAE Handbook Fundamentals (IP)
2008 Carrier Corp.
Project Data: Weather, Climate, Space Usage Table 7.2.1
(Baseline & Proposed)Project Data: Weather, Climate, Space
Usage Table 7.2.1 (Baseline & Proposed)
Flat Rate: St. LouisUtility Rate: Natural Gas
Complex Rate: St. Louis, MOUtility Rate: ElectricCarrier HAP
4.5Simulation Program12 ftFloor-to-floor Height3Quantity of
Floors
30,000 ft2 per floor Space SummaryConditioned Area
Office (Building Area Method)Space (Building) Usage4AClimate
Zone
USA_MISSOURI_ST_LOUIS_TMY2.HW1Simulation Weather Data
93/76.1 F (1% cooling design DB / MCWB)
2 F (99.6% heating design)
Design Weather DataSt. Louis, Missouri (USA)LocationLEED 2009
BD&C ExampleProject Name
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2008 Carrier Corp.
Simulation Weather DataSimulation Weather Data24 hour profiles
of actual weather data for all 365 days in a year DB, WB, direct
and diffuse solar 8760 hours of real weather data
Data is used for Energy Analysis
SourcesNational Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA),
National Renewable Energy Laboratory
(NREL), Environment Canada, ASHRAE, national government weather
services, and other sources
Variability of Weather Data Real weather conditions are diverse
Any one month has a wide range of conditions Hot, cold, humid, dry,
sunny, cloudy Results using average profiles are less accurate than
those calculated using TMY
weather data TMY Data is NOT average, it is a Typical
Meteorological Year
Simulation data differs from design" weather data Used loads are
run for 1 design day each month using warmer than normal temps and
clear sky
solar. The purpose of simulation is to compare energy costs of
alternate designs ... the purpose of
loads is to determine required sizes for HVAC system
components.
2008 Carrier Corp.
Workshop 3 Enter Proposed Building & Air Systems Data using
HAP WizardsWorkshop 3 Enter Proposed Building & Air Systems
Data using HAP Wizards
Create the Proposed Building Spaces using the Building Wizard
But first, lets review ASHRAE 90.1-2007 Appendix Grequirements.
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2008 Carrier Corp.
Thermal Blocks Versus Zones Thermal Blocks Versus Zones
Actual Building Acceptable Simulation
Model
2008 Carrier Corp.
Sample Flat Rate: St. LouisUtility Rate: Natural Gas
Sample Complex Rate: St. Louis, MOUtility Rate: ElectricCarrier
HAP 4.5Simulation Program12 ftFloor-to-floor Height3Quantity of
Floors
30,000 ft2 per floor Space SummaryConditioned Area
Office (Building Area Method)Space (Building) Usage4AClimate
Zone
USA_MISSOURI_ST_LOUIS_TMY2.HW1Simulation Weather Data
93/76.1 F (1% cooling design DB / MCWB)
2 F (99.6% heating design)
Design Weather DataSt. Louis, Missouri (USA)LocationLEED 2009
BD&C ExampleProject Name
Project Data: Weather, Climate, Space Usage Table 7.2.1
(Baseline & Proposed)Project Data: Weather, Climate, Space
Usage Table 7.2.1 (Baseline & Proposed)
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2008 Carrier Corp.
United States ZonesUnited States Zones
All of Alaska in Zone 7 except for the followingBoroughs in Zone
8:
Bethel Northwest ArticDellingham Southeast FairbanksFairbanks N.
Star Wade HamptonNome Yukon-KoyukukNorth Slope
Zone 1 IncludesHawaii, Guam,Puerto Rico,and the Virgin
Islands
1
2
Dry Moist (A)Marine (C)
We are here
2008 Carrier Corp.
Project Data: Weather, Climate, Space Usage Table 7.2.1
(Baseline & Proposed)Project Data: Weather, Climate, Space
Usage Table 7.2.1 (Baseline & Proposed)
Sample Flat Rate: St. LouisUtility Rate: Natural Gas
Sample Complex Rate: St. Louis, MOUtility Rate: ElectricCarrier
HAP 4.5Simulation Program12 ftFloor-to-floor Height3Quantity of
Floors
30,000 ft2 per floor Space SummaryConditioned Area
Office (Building Area Method)Space (Building) Usage4AClimate
Zone
USA_MISSOURI_ST_LOUIS_TMY2.HW1Simulation Weather Data
93/76.1 F (1% cooling design DB / MCWB)
2 F (99.6% heating design)
Design Weather DataSt. Louis, Missouri (USA)LocationLEED 2009
BD&C ExampleProject Name
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2008 Carrier Corp.
Building Area Method For LightingTable 9.5.1Building Area Method
For LightingTable 9.5.1
Reprinted by permission form ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2007. This
material may not be copied nor distributed in either paper or
digital form without ASHRAEs permission.
2008 Carrier Corp.
Baseline Lighting Space-By-Space Method Table 9.6.1Baseline
Lighting Space-By-Space Method Table 9.6.1
Reprinted by permission form ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2007. This
material may not be copied nor distributed in either paper or
digital form without ASHRAEs permission.
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2008 Carrier Corp.
Project Data: Weather, Climate, Space Usage Table 7.2.1 Project
Data: Weather, Climate, Space Usage Table 7.2.1
Sample Flat Rate: St. LouisUtility Rate: Natural Gas
Sample Complex Rate: St. Louis, MOUtility Rate: ElectricCarrier
HAP 4.5Simulation Program12 ftFloor-to-floor Height3Quantity of
Floors
30,000 ft2 per floorSpace SummaryConditioned Area
Office (Building Area Method)Space (Building) Usage4AClimate
Zone
USA_MISSOURI_ST_LOUIS_TMY2.HW1Simulation Weather Data
93/76.1 F (1% cooling design DB / MCWB)
2 F (99.6% heating design)
Design Weather DataSt. Louis, Missouri (USA)LocationLEED 2009
BD&C ExampleProject Name
2008 Carrier Corp.
Building Envelope DataTable 5.5-4 (Baseline &
Proposed)Building Envelope DataTable 5.5-4 (Baseline &
Proposed)
30%30%Window-to-Gross Wall Area Ratio
F=0.730F=0.540Slab-On-Grade ConstructionF-factor: the perimeter
heat loss factor for slab-on-grade floors, expressed as
Btu/h-ft-oF
Built-up Roof, insulation entirely above deck, R-20 ci, Steel
Deck; U-factor = 0.048; Reflectivity = 0.30 (Absorptivity =
0.70).
Built-up Roof, insulation entirely above deck, R-30 ci, 8 LW
Concrete; U-factor = 0.026; Reflectivity = 0.45 (cool roof).
(Absorptivity = 0.55)
Roof Construction
Steel-Frame, 16 OC, R-13 batt insulation + R-7.5 board
insulation, beige 3/4 stucco exterior, 5/8 gyp-board on interior
and exterior. U-factor = 0.064. (Max allowable value)
Steel-Frame, 16 OC, R-19 batt insulation + R7.5 board insulation
, asphalt sheathing, beige 4 face brick exterior, 5/8 gyp-board
interior. U-factor = 0.053.
Above Grade Wall ConstructionEnvelope
Baseline BuildingProposed BuildingBuilding Element
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2008 Carrier Corp.
Baseline Envelope RequirementsTable 5.5-4Baseline Envelope
RequirementsTable 5.5-4
Reprinted by permission form ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2007. This
material may not be copied nor distributed in either paper or
digital form without ASHRAEs permission.
Required BaselineWall Properties
2008 Carrier Corp.
Baseline Wall DiscussionBaseline Wall Discussion
5/8 Gypsum Board Exterior
16 Inch Centers
16 Inch Centers
3/4 Stucco
R7.5 ci Board
R-13 Batt Insulation (Effective
R=6)
Steel Frame 16 OC
U = .064
5/8 Gypsum Board Interior
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2008 Carrier Corp.
Building Envelope DataTable 7.2.2 (Baseline &
Proposed)Building Envelope DataTable 7.2.2 (Baseline &
Proposed)
30%30%Window-to-Gross Wall Area Ratio
F=0.730F=0.540Slab-On-Grade ConstructionF-factor: the perimeter
heat loss factor for slab-on-grade floors, expressed as
Btu/h-ft-oF
Built-up Roof, insulation entirely above deck, R-20 ci, Steel
Deck; U-factor = 0.048; Reflectivity = 0.30 (Absorptivity =
0.70).
Built-up Roof, insulation entirely above deck, R-30 ci, 8 LW
Concrete; U-factor = 0.026; Reflectivity = 0.45 (cool roof).
(Absorptivity = 0.55)
Roof Construction
Steel-Frame, 16 OC, R-13 batt insulation + R-7.5 Board
Insulation, beige 3/4 stucco exterior, 5/8 gyp-board on interior
and exterior. U-factor = 0.064. (Max allowable value)
Steel-Frame, 16 OC, R-19 batt insulation + R7.5 Board Insulation
, asphalt sheathing, beige 4 face brick exterior, 5/8 gyp-board
interior. U-factor = 0.053.
Above Grade Wall ConstructionEnvelope
Baseline BuildingProposed BuildingBuilding Element
2008 Carrier Corp.
Baseline Envelope RequirementsTable 5.5-4Baseline Envelope
RequirementsTable 5.5-4
Reprinted by permission form ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2007. This
material may not be copied nor distributed in either paper or
digital form without ASHRAEs permission.
Required BaselineRoof Properties
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2008 Carrier Corp.
Baseline Roof ConstructionBaseline Roof Construction
Reflectivity = .30 Built-up Roof
(Absorptivity = .70)
U = 0.048
R-20 Continuous Insulation Entirely Above Deck (no
compression)
2008 Carrier Corp.
Other Roof Properties(Besides U-Value)Other Roof
Properties(Besides U-Value)
Reflectivity The fraction of reflected radiant energy. Ability
reflect solar energy back into the atmosphere.
Absorptivity (1-Reflectivity) Used by HAP software instead of
reflectivity.
Emissivity The ability to give up or radiate heat out. Higher
emissivity values are better than lower ones.
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2008 Carrier Corp.
Roof Reflectance and AbsorptivityRoof Reflectance and
Absorptivity
Baseline roof shall be .30 reflectance If actual Proposed
building roof reflectance > .70 and
emittance > .75, thenuse a reflectance of .45*
*Takes degradation into account
Proposed Absorptivity = (1-reflectance) =(1-*.45) = .55
Baseline Absorptivity =(1-reflectance) = (1-.30) = .70
2008 Carrier Corp.
Reflective, High Emissivity (Cool) Roofs Reflective, High
Emissivity (Cool) Roofs
Proposed roof reflectivity shall be modeled as .45
Baseline roof reflectivity shall be modeled as .30
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2008 Carrier Corp.
Building Envelope DataTable 7.2.2 (Baseline &
Proposed)Building Envelope DataTable 7.2.2 (Baseline &
Proposed)
30%30%Window-to-Gross Wall Area Ratio
F=0.730F=0.540Slab-On-Grade ConstructionF-factor: the perimeter
heat loss factor for slab-on-grade floors, expressed as
Btu/h-ft-oF
Built-up Roof, insulation entirely above deck, R-20 ci, Steel
Deck; U-factor = 0.048; Reflectivity = 0.30 (Absorptivity =
0.70)
Built-up Roof, insulation entirely above deck, R-30 ci, 8 LW
Concrete; U-factor = 0.026; Reflectivity = 0.45 (cool roof).
(Absorptivity = 0.55)
Roof Construction
Steel-Frame, 16 OC, R-13 batt insulation + R-7.5 Board
Insulation, beige 3/4 stucco exterior, 5/8 gyp-board on interior
and exterior. U-factor = 0.064. (Max allowable value)
Steel-Frame, 16 OC, R-19 batt insulation + R7.5 Board Insulation
, asphalt sheathing, beige 4 face brick exterior, 5/8 gyp-board
interior. U-factor = 0.053.
Above Grade Wall ConstructionEnvelope
Baseline BuildingProposed BuildingBuilding Element
2008 Carrier Corp.
Baseline Envelope RequirementsTable 5.5-4Baseline Envelope
RequirementsTable 5.5-4
Reprinted by permission form ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2007. This
material may not be copied nor distributed in either paper or
digital form without ASHRAEs permission.
Required BaselineFloor Properties
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2008 Carrier Corp.
Slab on Grade F-FactorSlab on Grade F-Factor
F-Factor is perimeter heat loss expressed as Btuh - ft - F
Heated Space Slab on Grade
Ground Level
Edge InsulationN.R.Edge InsulationN.R.
2008 Carrier Corp.
Building Envelope DataTable 7.2.2 (Baseline &
Proposed)Building Envelope DataTable 7.2.2 (Baseline &
Proposed)
30%30%Window-to-Gross Wall Area Ratio
F=0.730F=0.540Slab-On-Grade ConstructionF-factor: the perimeter
heat loss factor for slab-on-grade floors, expressed as
Btu/h-ft-oF
Built-up Roof, insulation entirely above deck, R-20 ci, Steel
Deck; U-factor = 0.048; Reflectivity = 0.30 (Absorptivity =
0.70)
Built-up Roof, insulation entirely above deck, R-30 ci, 8 LW
Concrete; U-factor = 0.026; Reflectivity = 0.45 (cool roof).
(Absorptivity = 0.55)
Roof Construction
Steel-Frame, 16 OC, R-13 batt insulation + R-7.5 Board
Insulation, beige 3/4 stucco exterior, 5/8 gyp-board on interior
and exterior. U-factor = 0.064. (Max allowable value)
Steel-Frame, 16 OC, R-19 batt insulation + R7.5 Board Insulation
, asphalt sheathing, beige 4 face brick exterior, 5/8 gyp-board
interior. U-factor = 0.053.
Above Grade Wall ConstructionEnvelope
Baseline BuildingProposed BuildingBuilding Element
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2008 Carrier Corp.
Fenestration Area Baseline vs. ProposedFenestration Area
Baseline vs. Proposed
Proposed BuildingWindow area
Per plans
Baseline BuildingModel equal glass area when Window-to-Wall
ratio is 40%.Max 40% WWR, with the same layout and orientation as
the Proposed Building
Baseline
Proposed
Window-to-wallratio is important
Same location and orientation for Baseline and Proposed
Buildings
2008 Carrier Corp.
Building Envelope Data Table 7.2.2 Cont.Building Envelope Data
Table 7.2.2 Cont.
SameAssume 2-7 x 3 glass doors on the first floor. Glass
properties are the same as for the windows. Glass area for each
door is 16 ft2.
Glass Doors
NoneNoneAutomated Movable Window Shading Devices
None24 overhang, 12 above window, 12 extension on each side, 6
reveal
Fixed Window Shading Devices
SHGC=0.40 (SC=0.459)SHGC=0.348 (SC=0.40)Fenestration Assembly
SHGCNOTE: SC = SHGC/0.87
U=0.550U=0.530Fenestration Assembly U-Factor
See workshop for details2-pane, Aluminum frame w/thermal breaks,
1/4 stainless steel reflective outer pane, clear inner pane.
Fenestration Type(s)
Proposed Baseline
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2008 Carrier Corp.
Baseline Envelope RequirementsTable 5.5-4Baseline Envelope
RequirementsTable 5.5-4
Reprinted by permission form ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2007. This
material may not be copied nor distributed in either paper or
digital form without ASHRAEs permission.
Required BaselineFenestration Properties
2008 Carrier Corp.
Window - Overall U ValueWindow - Overall U ValueHAP and ASHRAE
90.1-2007 use overall U value. This defines the heat transmission
of the entire window assembly, including glass and framing
HAP accounts for heat flow through the center of glass, edge of
glass, window frame and any internal shades.
Edge of Glass
Center of Glass
Frame
Internal Shades
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2008 Carrier Corp.
Overall Shade Coefficient (SC) Versus Solar Heat Gain
Coefficient (SHGC)Overall Shade Coefficient (SC) Versus Solar Heat
Gain Coefficient (SHGC)
87.SHGCSC =
Shade coefficient describes how much solar energy is transmitted
through the window glass and framing. Solar Heat Gain Coefficient
(SHGC) represents the solar gain through the glass relative to the
incident solar radiation .
In simple terms, the shade coefficient is a ratio of solar
transmission for the window divided by solar transmission through a
single pane of reference glass. It therefore accounts for the
difference between the optical properties of your specific window
design, framing and interior shades versus the properties of
reference glass. When using the detailed input approach in defining
a window, HAP calculates the overall shade coefficient using ASHRAE
and NFRC (National Fenestration Rating Council) estimation
procedures. These procedures consider solar energy transmission
through the glass portion of the window, solar heat absorbed and
transmitted through the window frame, the effects of heat absorbed
by glazings in the window assembly and the effects of internal
shading devices.
2008 Carrier Corp.
What About Skylights Baseline Versus Proposed?What About
Skylights Baseline Versus Proposed?
BaselineSame configuration and area as proposed if skylights 5%
gross roof area.
ProposedIf skylights > 5% gross roof area, so be itbut then
reduce baseline skylights in size to 5% gross roof area
Maintain IdenticalOrientation and Placement
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2008 Carrier Corp.
Building Envelope Data Table 7.2.2 Cont.Building Envelope Data
Table 7.2.2 Cont.
SameAssume 2-7 x 3 glass doors on the first floor. Glass
properties are the same as for the windows. Glass area for each
door is 16 ft2.
Glass Doors
NoneNoneAutomated Movable Window Shading Devices
None24 overhang, 12 above window, 12 extension on each side, 6
reveal
Fixed Window Shading Devices
SHGC=0.40 (SC=0.459)SHGC=0.348 (SC=0.40)Fenestration Assembly
SHGCNOTE: SC = SHGC/0.87
U=0.550U=0.530Fenestration Assembly U-Factor
ALL2-pane, Aluminum frame w/thermal breaks, 1/4 stainless steel
reflective outer pane, clear inner pane.
Fenestration Type(s)
Proposed Baseline
2008 Carrier Corp.
External Shading (Allowed On Proposed Only)External Shading
(Allowed On Proposed Only)
Canopies
FinsReveal and overhang
Copyright Carrier Corp. 2007
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2008 Carrier Corp.
Maintain Baseline Window To Wall RatioMaintain Baseline Window
To Wall Ratio
Proposed BuildingWindow area
Per plans
Baseline BuildingModel equal glass area when WWR is 40%.(Max 40%
WWR), with the same layout and orientation as the Proposed
Building
Baseline
Proposed
WWR is important
2008 Carrier Corp.
Consider a "1" Sq FT Window WheneverNo External ShadingConsider
a "1" Sq FT Window WheneverNo External Shading
Internal Shades
1 Ft
1 Ft
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2008 Carrier Corp.
Consider a 1 Sq Ft Window Whenever No External ShadingConsider a
1 Sq Ft Window Whenever No External Shading
2008 Carrier Corp.
Maintaining 30% Desired WWR Maintaining 30% Desired WWR
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2008 Carrier Corp.
Lighting and Process Loads Table 7.2.3 (Baseline &
Proposed)Lighting and Process Loads Table 7.2.3 (Baseline &
Proposed)
NoneNoneRefrigeration Equipment
Two operated intermittently (5 kW each) using ASHRAE 90.1, Users
Manual Appendix G, Table G-I for Office Occupancy.
Two operated intermittently (5 kW each) using ASHRAE 90.1, Users
Manual Appendix G, Table G-I for Office Occupancy.
Elevators and/or Escalators0.75 W/ ft20.75 W/ ft2Receptacle
Equipment (Plug Loads)
0.6 kW0.6 kWExterior Lighting Power (Non-Tradable Surfaces)
2.7 kW2.7 kWExterior Lighting Power (Tradable
Surfaces)NoneNoneDaylighting ControlsNot installedInstalled in most
spacesLighting Occupant Sensor ControlsNoneNoneProcess Lighting
Average: 1.00 W/ft2(Using Building Area Method, Table 9.5.1)Std
T8 direct/indirect linear fluorescents. Average task lighting power
density 0.05 W/ ft2 .
Average: 0.90 W/ft2Super T8 direct/indirect linear fluorescents
with occupant sensor controls (10% credit applied). Average task
lighting power density 0.05 W/ ft2.
Ambient Lighting Power Density Lighting Design Description
Baseline BuildingProposed BuildingElectrical Systems &
Process Loads
2008 Carrier Corp.
Building Area Method For LightingTable 9.5.1Building Area Method
For LightingTable 9.5.1
Reprinted by permission form ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2007. This
material may not be copied nor distributed in either paper or
digital form without ASHRAEs permission.
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2008 Carrier Corp.
Lighting and Process Loads Table 7.2.3 (Baseline &
Proposed)Lighting and Process Loads Table 7.2.3 (Baseline &
Proposed)
NoneNoneRefrigeration Equipment
Two operated intermittently (5 kW each) using ASHRAE 90.1, Users
Manual Appendix G, Table G-I for Office Occupancy.
Two operated intermittently (5 kW each) using ASHRAE 90.1, Users
Manual Appendix G, Table G-I for Office Occupancy.
Elevators and/or Escalators0.75 W/ ft20.75 W/ ft2Receptacle
Equipment (Plug Loads)
0.6 kW0.6 kWExterior Lighting Power (Non-Tradable Surfaces)
2.7 kW2.7 kWExterior Lighting Power (Tradable
Surfaces)NoneNoneDaylighting ControlsNot installedInstalled in most
spacesLighting Occupant Sensor ControlsNoneNoneProcess Lighting
Average: .95 W/ft2(Using Building Area Method, Table 9.5.1)Std
T8 direct/indirect linear fluorescents. Average task lighting power
density 0.05 W/ ft2 .
Average: 0.89 W/ft2Super T8 direct/indirect linear fluorescents
with occupant sensor controls (10% credit applied).Average task
lighting power density 0.05 W/ ft2 .
Ambient Lighting Power Density Lighting Design Description
Baseline BuildingProposed BuildingElectrical Systems &
Process Loads
2008 Carrier Corp.
Automatic Lighting ControlsTable G3.2 Automatic Lighting
ControlsTable G3.2
Reprinted by permission form ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2007. This
material may not be copied nor distributed in either paper or
digital form without ASHRAEs permission.
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2008 Carrier Corp.
Lighting and Process Loads Table 7.2.3 (Baseline &
Proposed)Lighting and Process Loads Table 7.2.3 (Baseline &
Proposed)
NoneNoneRefrigeration Equipment
Two operated intermittently (5 kW each) using ASHRAE 90.1, Users
Manual Appendix G, Table G-I for Office Occupancy.
Two operated intermittently (5 kW each) using ASHRAE 90.1, Users
Manual Appendix G, Table G-I for Office Occupancy.
Elevators and/or Escalators0.75 W/ ft20.75 W/ ft2Receptacle
Equipment (Plug Loads)
0.6 kW0.6 kWExterior Lighting Power (Non-Tradable Surfaces)
2.7 kW2.7 kWExterior Lighting Power (Tradable
Surfaces)NoneNoneDaylighting ControlsNot installedInstalled in most
spacesLighting Occupant Sensor ControlsNoneNoneProcess Lighting
Average: 1.00 W/ft2(Using Building Area Method, Table 9.5.1)Std
T8 direct/indirect linear fluorescents. Average task lighting power
density 0.05 W/ ft2 .
Average: 0.89 W/ft2Super T8 direct/indirect linear fluorescents
with occupant sensor controls (10% credit applied). Average task
lighting power density 0.05 W/ ft2 .
Ambient Lighting Power Density Lighting Design Description
Baseline BuildingProposed BuildingElectrical Systems &
Process Loads
2008 Carrier Corp.
Exterior Lighting PowerTable 9.4.5 Exterior Lighting PowerTable
9.4.5
Reprinted by permission form ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2007. This
material may not be copied nor distributed in either paper or
digital form without ASHRAEs permission.
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2008 Carrier Corp.
Lighting and Process Loads Table 7.2.3 (Baseline &
Proposed)Lighting and Process Loads Table 7.2.3 (Baseline &
Proposed)
NoneNoneRefrigeration Equipment
Two operated intermittently (5 kW each) using ASHRAE 90.1, Users
Manual Appendix G, Table G-I for Office Occupancy.
Two operated intermittently (5 kW each) using ASHRAE 90.1, Users
Manual Appendix G, Table G-I for Office Occupancy.
Elevators and/or Escalators0.75 W/ ft20.75 W/ ft2Receptacle
Equipment (Plug Loads)
0.6 kW0.6 kWExterior Lighting Power (Non-Tradable Surfaces)
2.7 kW2.7 kWExterior Lighting Power (Tradable
Surfaces)NoneNoneDaylighting ControlsNot installedInstalled in most
spacesLighting Occupant Sensor ControlsNoneNoneProcess Lighting
Average: .95 W/ft2(Using Building Area Method, Table 9.5.1)Std
T8 direct/indirect linear fluorescents. Average task lighting power
density 0.05 W/ ft2 .
Average: 0.89 W/ft2Super T8 direct/indirect linear fluorescents
with occupant sensor controls (10% credit applied). Average task
lighting power density 0.05 W/ ft2 .
Ambient Lighting Power Density Lighting Design Description
Baseline BuildingProposed BuildingElectrical Systems &
Process Loads
2008 Carrier Corp.
ASHRAE Acceptance DensitiesTable G-BASHRAE Acceptance
DensitiesTable G-B
*Reprinted by permission form ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2007. This
material may not be copied nor distributed in either paper or
digital form without ASHRAEs permission.
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2008 Carrier Corp.
Lighting and Process Loads Table 7.2.3 (Baseline &
Proposed)Lighting and Process Loads Table 7.2.3 (Baseline &
Proposed)
NoneNoneRefrigeration Equipment
Two operated intermittently (5 kW each) using ASHRAE 90.1, Users
Manual Appendix G, Table G-I for Office Occupancy.
Two operated intermittently (5 kW each) using ASHRAE 90.1, Users
Manual Appendix G, Table G-I for Office Occupancy.
Elevators and/or Escalators0.75 W/ ft20.75 W/ ft2Receptacle
Equipment (Plug Loads)
0.6 kW0.6 kWExterior Lighting Power (Non-Tradable Surfaces)
2.7 kW2.7 kWExterior Lighting Power (Tradable
Surfaces)NoneNoneDaylighting ControlsNot installedInstalled in most
spacesLighting Occupant Sensor ControlsNoneNoneProcess Lighting
Average: .95 W/ft2(Using Building Area Method, Table 9.5.1)Std
T8 direct/indirect linear fluorescents. Average task lighting power
density 0.05 W/ ft2 .
Average: 0.89 W/ft2Super T8 direct/indirect linear fluorescents
with occupant sensor controls (10% credit applied ). Average task
lighting power density 0.05 W/ ft2 .
Ambient Lighting Power Density Lighting Design Description
Baseline BuildingProposed BuildingElectrical Systems &
Process Loads
2008 Carrier Corp.
Process Loads !Process Loads !
Plug LoadsExcept for task lights and exterior lights
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2008 Carrier Corp.
NON Process LoadsNON Process Loads
People
Task Lighting(even though its a plug)
Exterior BuildingLights
Parking Lot Lights
Service Water Heating
Overhead Lighting
2008 Carrier Corp.
Proposed May Differ From BaselineProposed May Differ From
Baseline Cooling source (air-cooled, water-cooled, etc) HVAC system
type and efficiency (may exceed ASHRAE 90.1) Fan efficiency Number
of thermal zones Building envelope U-values Roof reflectance Window
area Window shading coefficient External shading (overhangs, fins,
reveals) allowed Internal shading allowed Skylight area Interior
lighting level Task lighting level Exterior lighting level Service
water heating kW Elevator-escalator-other process kW Occupancy
sensors allowed Programmable timers allowed Photovoltaic systems
allowed Active solar allowed Daylighting control allowed
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2008 Carrier Corp.
Baseline Same as Proposed BuildingBaseline Same as Proposed
Building
Modeling software/method City and climate zone Design and
simulation weather data Building and space use classifications
(office, school, etc) Utility rate structure and costs Heat Source
(gas, electric) Building conditioned floor area Gross wall area
Window area (or 40% of gross wall-whichever is less) Gross roof
area Skylight orientation and placement (5% of roof area) Surface
tilts People count and activity Receptacle equipment like computers
(not task lighting though) Occupied and unoccupied cooling and
heating setpoints Occupied-unoccupied schedule Operating schedules
(lights, people, misc. fractional schedules)
2008 Carrier Corp.
Workshop 3Workshop 3
Use the Building Wizard as part of the Full Wizard Sessionto
create the Proposed Building Spaces
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2008 Carrier Corp.
Review Proposed Spaces Review Proposed Spaces
2008 Carrier Corp.
Workshop 4Workshop 4
Do Workshop #4 Enter the Air Systems using the Equipment
Wizard
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2008 Carrier Corp.
Proposed System(Designers Choice) Floor-By-Floor VAV Air
SystemProposed System(Designers Choice) Floor-By-Floor VAV Air
System
Chilled Water VAV AHUs (1) Per Floor With
Airside Economizer
VAV Box with RH Coil
Diffusers
Section 5 Hi-Rise Floor-by-Floor Systems
Water-Cooled Screw Chiller Gas Fired Boilers
2008 Carrier Corp.
Run the Equipment Wizard and Assign SpacesRun the Equipment
Wizard and Assign Spaces
Section 5 Hi-Rise Floor-by-Floor Systems
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2008 Carrier Corp.
Workshop 4 Proposed Air SystemsWorkshop 4 Proposed Air
Systems
Enter Data as shown on pages 104 - 111 using the Equipment
Wizard
2008 Carrier Corp.
Workshop 5 Workshop 5
Enter Library itemsPages 114-127
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2008 Carrier Corp.
Baseline Wall DiscussionBaseline Wall Discussion
5/8 Gypsum Board Exterior
16 Inch Centers
16 Inch Centers
3/4 Stucco
R7.5 ci Board
R-13 Batt Insulation (Effective
R=6)
Steel Frame 16 OC
U = .064
5/8 Gypsum Board Interior
2008 Carrier Corp.
Baseline Roof ConstructionBaseline Roof Construction
Reflectivity = .30 Built-up Roof
(Absorptivity = .70)
U = 0.048
R-20 Continuous Insulation Entirely Above Deck (no
compression)
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2008 Carrier Corp.
Workshop 6 Finalize Proposed SpacesWorkshop 6 Finalize Proposed
Spaces
Pages 128-135 Finalize Proposed Building Spaces Utilize Global
Replace function
2008 Carrier Corp.
Edit Proposed Spaces Edit Proposed Spaces
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2008 Carrier Corp.
Workshop 7Workshop 7
Fine Tune the Proposed Building Air Systems
Pages 136-148
2008 Carrier Corp.
Proposed System(Designers Choice) Floor-By-Floor VAV Air
SystemProposed System(Designers Choice) Floor-By-Floor VAV Air
System
Chilled Water VAV AHUs (1) Per Floor With
Airside Economizer
VAV Box with RH Coil
Diffusers
Section 5 Hi-Rise Floor-by-Floor Systems
Water-Cooled Screw Chiller Gas Fired Boilers
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2008 Carrier Corp.
Proposed System DCV Proposed System DCV
2008 Carrier Corp.
Demand Control Ventilation-OverviewDemand Control
Ventilation-Overview
Energy Saving Strategy Enhances IAQ HAP Models Individual
Zone
CO2 Sensing in ALL Zones, Not Return Air or Plenum Sensing
VAV Systems DCV Removes OA dependence on non-people loads (sun
goes out, less cfm, but could be more people)
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2008 Carrier Corp.
Workshop 8Workshop 8
Go To Project, Retrieve HAP 4.5 data and Retrieve LEED Class
Archive #2 Workshop 8 - Unsolved
2008 Carrier Corp.
Workshop 8 (cont)Workshop 8 (cont)
Review and fine tune the Wizard Created Plants Pages 149 -
154
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2008 Carrier Corp.
Workshop 8 (cont)Workshop 8 (cont)
Simulate the proposed building and note Operating Cost Pages 155
- 159
2008 Carrier Corp.
Proposed BuildingProposed Building
102,957Grand Total
70,929Non-HVAC Sub-Total
2,995Misc. Fuel Use
4,259Misc. Electric
28,258Electric Equipment
35,417Lights
32,028HVAC Sub-Total
1,939Cooling Tower Fans
3,307Pumps
5,866Heating
12,845Cooling
8,071Air System Fans
Proposed Building ($)Component
Table 1 Annual Costs
1. Proposed Building 2. Baseline Building(s)
0 Rotation (same as Proposed)
90 Rotation
180 Rotation
270 Rotation
Average Baseline
Answer is:$102,957?
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2008 Carrier Corp.
What Is The Procedure?What Is The Procedure?
Grand Total
Non-HVAC Sub-Total
Misc. Fuel Use
Misc. Electric
Electric Equipment
Lights
HVAC Sub-Total
Cooling Tower Fans
Pumps
Heating
Cooling
Air System Fans
Proposed Building ($)Component
Table 1 Annual Costs
1. Proposed Building 2. Baseline Building(s)
0 Rotation (same as Proposed)
90 Rotation
180 Rotation
270 Rotation
Average Baseline
Now, lets examine the
Baseline Building
2008 Carrier Corp.
ASHRAE 90.1-2007ASHRAE 90.1-2007 Lets review the ASHRAE
Standard
prescriptive requirements for the Baseline Air Systems before
going into the next workshop
This is an extensive list of requirements