XML Presented by Kushan Athukorala. 2 Agenda XML Overview Entity References Elements vs. Atributes XML Validation DTD XML Schema Linking XML and CSS XSLT.

XMLPresented by Kushan Athukorala

2

Agenda

• XML Overview

• Entity References

• Elements vs. Atributes

• XML Validation

• DTD

• XML Schema

• Linking XML and CSS

• XSLT

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The Difference Between XML and HTML

• XML was designed to transport and store data, with focus on what data is.

• HTML was designed to display data, with focus on how data looks.

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XML

• XML Simplifies Data Sharing• In the real world, computer systems and databases contain data in

incompatible formats.

• XML Simplifies Data Transport• With XML, data can easily be exchanged between incompatible

systems.

• XML Simplifies Platform Changes• Upgrading to new systems (hardware or software platforms), is

always very time consuming. Large amounts of data must be converted and incompatible data is often lost.

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XML contd.

• XML Makes Your Data More Available• Since XML is independent of hardware, software and application,

XML can make your data more available and useful.

• XML is Used to Create New Internet Languages• XHTML the latest version of HTML

• WSDL for describing available web services

• WAP and WML as markup languages for handheld devices

• RSS languages for news feeds• SMIL for describing multimedia for the web

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An Example XML Document

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><note> <-------- root element

<to>Tove</to> <-------- child elements

<from>Jani</from> <heading>Reminder</heading> <body>Don't forget me this weekend!</body></note>

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Exercise – Represent below image in XML

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Answer

<bookstore> <book category=“anything"> <title lang="en">Everyday Italian</title> <author>Giada De Laurentiis</author> <year>2005</year> <price>30.00</price> </book>

</bookstore>

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Entity References

• Try to represent below message in XML• <message>if salary < 1000 then</message>

• There are 5 predefined entity references in XML:

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Comments in XML

• The syntax for writing comments in XML is similar to that of HTML.• 

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XML Elements vs. Attributes

• What is correct?• <person sex="female">

<firstname>Anna</firstname> <lastname>Smith</lastname></person>

• <person> <sex>female</sex> <firstname>Anna</firstname> <lastname>Smith</lastname></person>

• There are no rules about when to use attributes and when to use elements.• Attributes are handy in HTML.

• Avoid them in XML and use elements instead.

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XML Validation

• XML with correct syntax is "Well Formed" XML.

• XML validated against a DTD is "Valid" XML.

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XML DTD

• DTD defines the structure of an XML document• Example DTD file

• <!DOCTYPE note[<!ELEMENT note (to,from,heading,body)><!ELEMENT to (#PCDATA)><!ELEMENT from (#PCDATA)><!ELEMENT heading (#PCDATA)><!ELEMENT body (#PCDATA)>]>

• How to reference an external DTD file• <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>

<!DOCTYPE note SYSTEM "Note.dtd"><note><to>Tove</to><from>Jani</from><heading>Reminder</heading><body>Don't forget me this weekend!</body></note>

• XML Assignment1 – Implement the above example and show that the validations functions as expected

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XML Schema

• XML-based alternative to DTD is called XML Schema• <xs:element name="note">

<xs:complexType> <xs:sequence> <xs:element name="to" type="xs:string"/> <xs:element name="from" type="xs:string"/> <xs:element name="heading" type="xs:string"/> <xs:element name="body" type="xs:string"/> </xs:sequence></xs:complexType>

</xs:element>

• XML Assignment2 – Implement the previous example using XML Schema and demonstrate the validation

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Linking XML file to CSS file

• XML file- <CATALOG>- <CD> <TITLE>Empire Burlesque</TITLE> <ARTIST>Bob Dylan</ARTIST> <COUNTRY>USA</COUNTRY> <COMPANY>Columbia</COMPANY> <PRICE>10.90</PRICE> <YEAR>1985</YEAR> </CD>- <CD>

• CSS fileCATALOG { background-color: #ffffff; width: 100%; } CD { display: block; margin-bottom: 30pt; margin-left: 0; } TITLE { color: #FF0000; font-size: 20pt; } ARTIST { color: #0000FF; font-size: 20pt; } COUNTRY,PRICE,YEAR,COMPANY { display: block; color: #000000; margin-left: 20pt; }

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Linking XML file to CSS file contd.

• How to combine the two• <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>

<?xml-stylesheet type="text/css" href="cd_catalog.css"?><CATALOG> <CD> <TITLE>Empire Burlesque</TITLE> <ARTIST>Bob Dylan</ARTIST> <COUNTRY>USA</COUNTRY> <COMPANY>Columbia</COMPANY> <PRICE>10.90</PRICE> <YEAR>1985</YEAR> </CD>

• Output will be as shown

• XML Assignment3 - Implement the above example

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Displaying XML with XSLT

• XSLT is the recommended style sheet language of XML.

• XSLT (eXtensible Stylesheet Language Transformations)

• XSLT can be used to transform XML into HTML

• XML Assignment4 - Implement the previous example using XSLT

Web Services Presented by Kushan Athukorala

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Agenda

• Overview

• WS Platform and Platform Elements

• Types

• SOAP

• WSDL

• UDDI

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Web Services

• Web Services can convert your application into a Web-application, which can publish its function or message to the rest of the world

• What are Web Services?• Web services are application components

• Web services communicate using open protocols

• Web services are self-contained and self-describing

• Web services can be discovered using UDDI

• Web services can be used by other applications

• XML is the basis for Web services

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Web Services Platform and Platform Elements

• Web Services platform is XML + HTTP

• Web services platform elements:• SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol)

• UDDI (Universal Description, Discovery and Integration)

• WSDL (Web Services Description Language)

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Web Services have Two Types of Uses

• Reusable application-components.• Web services can offer application-components like: currency

conversion, weather reports, or even language translation as services.

• These components are reusable

• Connect existing software.• Web services can help to solve the interoperability problem

by giving different applications a way to link their data.

• With Web services you can exchange data between different applications and different platforms.

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What is SOAP?

• SOAP is an XML-based protocol to let applications exchange information over HTTP. SOAP is a protocol for accessing a Web Service.• SOAP stands for Simple Object Access Protocol

• SOAP is a communication protocol

• SOAP is a format for sending messages

• SOAP is designed to communicate via Internet

• SOAP is platform independent

• SOAP is language independent

• SOAP is based on XML

• SOAP is simple and extensible

• SOAP allows you to get around firewalls

• SOAP is a W3C standard

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What is WSDL?

• WSDL is an XML-based language for locating and describing Web services.• WSDL stands for Web Services Description Language

• WSDL is based on XML

• WSDL is used to describe Web services

• WSDL is used to locate Web services

• WSDL is a W3C standard

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What is UDDI?

• UDDI is a directory service where companies can register and search for Web services.• UDDI stands for Universal Description, Discovery and

Integration

• UDDI is a directory for storing information about web services

• UDDI is a directory of web service interfaces described by WSDL

• UDDI communicates via SOAP

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Thank You

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XML Presented by Kushan Athukorala. 2 Agenda XML Overview Entity References Elements vs. Atributes XML Validation DTD XML Schema Linking XML and CSS XSLT.

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