XML Basics II

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XML Basics IIXML Basics II



XML Basics : Review XML Basics : Review

� Extensible Markup Language

� Tag-based syntax, very much like HTML

�

You get to make up your own tags (or you can usean existing tag set to solve a particular problem)

� XML does not replace HTML

� XML is used to structure and describe information

� XML can be used as a way to interchange data

between disparate systems



Related XML TechnologiesRelated XML Technologies

� XPath ² eX tensible Path Language

± Used to extract data from inside an XML file

± Uses a path-like syntax, similar to directory or folder paths like´drive:/folder/folder/fileµ

� XSLT ² eX tensible Stylesheet Language Transformation

± Styling language that takes an XML file and ´transformsµ it intosomething else like, HTML, PDF, ASCII or even another XML file

� XQuery ² used to perform query functions on XML data,

similar to SQL for databases� XPointer and XLink ² used for creating hyperlinks to XML

documents and arbitrary points within XML documents



Tools for Working with XML Tools for Working with XML

� Simple Text Editor ² Notedpad, Textpad, Bbedit ± Simple to use, no frill editing

� A dobe Dreamweaver

± Good XML editing features: color coding, tag completion

± Can check XML file for well-formedness and validate it against a givenDocument Type Definition or Schema

� A ltova XMLSpy

± Advanced XML tool, intended for professional use

± XSLT debugging and XPath expression testing

� Microsoft Visual Web Developer Express

± Free, and has great XML editing features: tag completion, color coding,real time validation



Describing Information : Business CardDescribing Information : Business Card

Typical information found on a Business Card

Juan Dela Cruz

(02) 567-2345(02) 567-7644

(02) 567-1234

[email protected]

(home)

(work)

(fax)



Describing Information with XMLDescribing Information with XML

Same business card data, expressed in XML

<BusinessCard>

<Name> Juan Dela Cruz</Name>

<Phone type=³home´>(02) 567-2345</Phone>

<Phone type=³work´>(02) 567-7644</Phone>

<Phone type=fax´>(02) 567-1234</Phone>

<Email>[email protected]</Email>

</BusinessCard>



Advantages of XML Advantages of XML

� Content is separate from any notion of

presentation

�

Information can be easily read and understood� XML is an open format that can be processed

by any XML-aware application, like a browser,

word processor, spreadsheet, etc.

� XML data can be exchanged between systemsthat were never designed to do so



Potential Drawbacks of XMLPotential Drawbacks of XML

� XML is not especially good at handling very largeamounts of data

� XML can quickly become difficult to read if a lot of

information is included in one file

� Certain types of data (images, other binary data) are notrepresented well in XML

�

XML·s simplicity makes it easy to get in over your headpretty quickly



What have we done so far? What have we done so far?

� Started XML basic structure

� Identify the Character References

�Use the CDATA

� Incorporate a CSS document

� Tree Structure of XML Vocabularies

± Hierarchical relationships between elements: ParentElement, Child Element and Sibling Element



Working with XMLN

amespaces Working with XMLN

amespaces



XML NamespacesXML Namespaces

� Have the form <html<html xmlnsxmlns=³http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml´>=³http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml´>

� What are namespaces?

± It provide a way to prevent tags with same names but different meanings

from colliding with each other

<table>

<tr>

<td>Product</td>

<td>Price</td>

</tr>

<tr>

<td>Coffee Table</td>

<td>199.99</td>

</tr>

</table>

<table sku=³1429815132´>

<type>Coffee Table</type>

<price>199.99</price>

<instock>yes</instock>

<material>maple</material>

</table>



XML NamespacesXML Namespaces�

Namespaces solve this problem<table

xmlns:´http://www.w3.org/tr/xhtml´

xmlns:furn=³http://www.furniture.org/tables´>

<tr>

<td>Product</td>

<td>Price</td></tr>

<tr><td>

<furn:table sku=³1429815132´>

<furn:type>Coffee Table</furn:type>

</furn:table>

</td><td>

<furn:table sku=³1429815132´> <furn:price>199.99 </furn:price>

</furn:table>

</td></tr>

</table>



XML NamespacesXML Namespaces

� Namespace is a defined collection of element

and attribute names.

�

Applying a namespace to an XML documentinvolves two steps:

± Declaring the namespace

± Identifying the elements and attributes within thedocument that belong to that namespace.



Adding a Namespace to a Style Sheet Adding a Namespace to a Style Sheet

� To declare a namespace in a style sheet, add the following rule tothe stylesheet file:

± Syntax: @namespace prefix url(uri);

± Example:

@namespace furn url(http://furniture.org/table);

� Applying a Namespace to a Selector

± Syntax: prefix\:selector {attribute:value «}

± Example: furn\:type {width: 150px} or

furn\:* {font-size: 12pt}



In Combining XML and HTMLIn Combining XML and HTML

� Don·t forget this:<html xlmns=³http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml´

xlmns:furn=³http://furniture.org/table´>

<head>

<title> Jazz Furniture </title>

<link rel=³stylesheet´ href=³report.css´ type=³text/css´/>

<link rel=³stylesheet´ href=³table.css´ type=³text/css´ />

</head>



Working with Data Islands Working with Data Islands



Data IslandsData Islands

�� Data IslandsData Islands are a feature of Internet Explorer

� Embed XML information directly into a web

page and then connect (or ´bindµ) it to layoutelements

� Uses the <XML><XML> tag to enclose the data

�

The datasrcdatasrc and dataflddatafld attributes are used todefine a binding to the XML data



HTML TemplateHTML Template<html>

<head>

<title>XML Data Binding</title>

<link href="style.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />

</head>

<body>

<table border=³1´>

<tr>

<th>Photo</th>

<th>Description</th>

<th>Type</th>

</tr>

<tr>

<td> <img /> </td><td> </td>

<td> </td>

</tr>

</table>

</body>

</html>

Photo Description Type



Data Island within HTML DocData Island within HTML Doc<items>

<item id=³item1´>

<name>Mocha</name>

<type>Coffee</type>

<photo>photos/mocha.jpg</photo>

</item>

<item id=³item2´>

<name>Frappucino</name>

<type>Coffee</type>

<photo>photos/frap.jpg</photo>

</item>

<item id=³item3´>

<name>Earl Grey</name>

<type>Tea</type><photo>photos/earl.jpg</photo>

</item>

</items>

Insert this into the HTML Doc(copy and paste is you have

already the xml file)

. . .

<body>

<items>

<item id=³item1´>

<name>Mocha</name>

<type>Coffee</type>

<photo>photos/mocha.jpg</photo>

</item>

. . .

. . .



Add the Add the <XML><XML>

<body>

<xml id=³<xml id=³myXmlDataSourcemyXmlDataSource´>´>

<items>

<item>

<name> Mocha </name>

«

«

</xml></xml>

«

«



Use theUse the datasrcdatasrc

<table datasrcdatasrc=³#=³#myXmlDataSourcemyXmlDataSource ´border=³1´>

<tr>

<th>Photo</th>

<th>Description</th>

<th>Type</th>

</tr>

«

«



Use theUse the dataflddatafld

«

<tr>

<td><img datasrc= ³#myXmlDataSource´datasrc= ³#myXmlDataSource´

datafld=³photodatafld=³photo´ /> </td><td><span datasrc= ³#myXmlDataSource´datasrc= ³#myXmlDataSource´

datafld=³name´datafld=³name´> </td>

<td><span datasrc= ³#myXmlDataSource´datasrc= ³#myXmlDataSource´

datafld=³type´datafld=³type´></td></tr>

</table>

«



Data Island outside HTML Doc

<xml id=³ExternalSource´ src=³items.xml´src=³items.xml´>

. . .

<table datasrc=³#ExternalSource´datasrc=³#ExternalSource´>

. . .<td><span datasrc= ³#ExternalSource´datasrc= ³#ExternalSource´

datafld=³name´datafld=³name´></td>

<td><img datasrc= ³#ExternalSource´datasrc= ³#ExternalSource´

datafld=³photo´datafld=³photo´></td>

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