CA Sandesh Mundra, [email protected]
Sep 14, 2014
CA Sandesh Mundra, [email protected]
CA Sandesh Mundra, [email protected]
CA Sandesh Mundra, [email protected]
CA Sandesh Mundra, [email protected]
Lets Watch…
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• What you understand from this Video ????
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• Now see this Video…..
CA Sandesh Mundra, [email protected]
CA Sandesh Mundra, [email protected]
Can we understand
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Before XBRL
Financial Report -1
Financial Report -2
Financial Report -3
Financial Report -4
Financial Report -5
Regulators (Eg. ROC, SEBI, Stock
Exchanges)
Management
Bank & Fin. Institute
Foreign Regulators
Other Stakeholders
Different reporting format for different users
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After XBRL
Financial Reporting
XBRL
Regulators (Eg. ROC, SEBI, Stock
Exchanges)
Management
Bank & Fin. Institute
Foreign Regulators
Other Stakeholders
Only single reporting format for all users
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XBRL Smart Intro
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XBRL History
1998 • April - Charles Hoffman, a CPA investigates how XML could be used for
electronic reporting of financial information.
• July - AICPA is Alerted Charlie Hoffman informs the AICPA High Tech Task Force about the potential of using XML in financial reporting.
• September - Product Description Crafted
• October - The AICPA decides to fund a project to create a prototype set of financial statements in XML.
• December - Prototype Completed The prototype is completed by Charlie Hoffman and Mark Jewett (Erutech). Jeffery Ricker (XML Solutions) contributes to the initial prototype.
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What an Idea Sir Ji….
In 1997, XBRL began with the idea of a single individual - Charlie Hoffman, from a small CPA firm in Tacoma, Washington …
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XBRL International•XBRL International is a not-for-profit consortium of approximately 650 companies and agencies worldwide working together to build the XBRL language and promote and support its adoption.
• 25 established Jurisdictions including India
• 4 Provisional Jurisdiction.
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XBRL India Jurisdiction
• On Jan-2011 XBRL International admitted India as full member.
• XBRL India is a Company registered under Section 25 of Companies Act, 1956, incorporated for – managing the affairs of Indian Jurisdiction of
XBRL International.
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XBRL India Jurisdiction Member– The Institute of Chartered Accountants in India – Associated Chambers of Commerce and Industry of India – Bombay Stock Exchange Ltd – Comptroller and Auditor General of India – Confereration of Indian Industries – i-flex Solutions Ltd – ICICI Bank Ltd – Infosys Technologies Ltd – Insurance Regulatory and Development Board (India) – Ministry for Corporate Affairs (India) – Ministry of Communication and Information Technology (India) – National Stock Exchange of India – Reserve Bank of India – Securities and Exchange Board of India – Tata Consulting Services – Vatas Infotech Pvt Ltd – Wipro Ltd
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ICAI Initiatives on XBRL
XBRL Group
Regulators – SEBI, RBI, IRDA etc.
ICAI Council Members
Software Companies
Industry Associations
Relevant Ministries
Stock Exchanges
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XBRL is….
• eXtensible Business Reporting Language• Open technology standard for reporting and
analyzing business and financial information.
• Computer readable language.• royalty free to use
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XBRL is not…..
• standard chart of accounts• way of reporting of specific information• only for financial reporting• require us to report more information• too complicated to use or to understand• GAAP translator
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The User View
• XBRL is similar to use of bar codes• Similar to bar code, XBRL data can
automatically identify each data information, such as Value, type, currency, date, sources, etc.
• Instead of treating financial information as a static text…
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The User View Cntd……
• XBRL tags are defined and maintained in taxonomies.
• Taxonomies are basis for tagging financial information in XBRL.
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How User can use XBRL
• Requirements :– XBRL-enabled software and – XBRL-coded or "tagged” documents.
• A tag is a string of computer code that represents one concept
• Eg. All Companies having same terminology to identify “Total Assets”, Revenue, Cost of Goods, etc..
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How User can use XBRL
• A collection of tags is called taxonomy.• Similar to a dictionary, it specifies the tags
(words) to be used, their meaning, their definitions (types of data, structure, and relation to each other) and the relevant rules and formula sets.
• data can be collect from many documents in different locations and reassembled into a document.
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Technology View
• Above said simple process is made possible only by incorporation of various elements on a technology platform.
• Before understand any more in XBRL, You mush aware about:– XBRL Taxonomy– XBRL Tools
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Benefit of XBRL
• Better Accuracy– As data need not be re-entered, the possibility of
error is reduced.
• Better Data management• Time Saving• Reusing Data• Data Validation• Easier document reading• Transparency
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ICAI on XBRL
• ICAI launched XBRL India website on July 3-5, 2009 at International Conference , Agra
• ICAI has developed taxonomy based on Indian GAAP for:– Commercial and Industrial (C&I) taxonomy– Banking taxonomy– Taxonomy for Non-Banking Financial
Companies
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Technical Terms in XBRL
• Taxonomy• Tag• Elements• Label • Instance Documents• Metadata• XBRL GL• Validation
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Taxonomy• Collection of Tags• A type of dictionary for financial reporting.• These taxonomies define the specific tags for
individual line items of financial statement.• The taxonomy schema files together with the
relationships files define the concepts (elements) and relationships that form the basis of the taxonomy.
• Different core taxonomy exist for IN-GAAP, IFRS, US-GAAP, RBI, etc
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Taxonomy document consists
• Schema file containing the definition of concepts used in the business report (.xsd file)
• XML file containing relationship between concepts (.xml file)– Definition– Presentation– Calculation– Labels– Resources
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Tag
• Identifying information that describes a unit of data in an instance document and encloses it in angle brackets (<> and ). All facts in an instance document are enclosed by tags that identify the element of the fact.
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Elements
• A human-readable description of a reporting concept.
• User point of view the definition is an unchangeable attribute of the element
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Label
• Human-readable name for an element; each element has a standard label that corresponds to the element name, and is unique across the taxonomy.
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Instance document
• XML file that contains business reporting information and represents a collection of financial facts and report-specific information using tags from one or more XBRL taxonomies.
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Validation
• Process of checking that instance documents and taxonomies correctly meet the rules of the XBRL specification.
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DEVELOPMENT OF XBRL TAXONOMIES
• General Purpose Financial Reporting XBRL taxonomy for Commercial and Industrial Companies C&I taxonomy
To begin, the XBRL India jurisdiction has developed the general purpose taxonomy
The draft general purpose taxonomy which was exposed for public comment, has been finalised on the basis of comments expected to be sent shortly to XBRL International for accreditation will be released for use in India.
CA Sandesh Mundra, [email protected]
DEVELOPMENT OF XBRL TAXONOMIES
• General Purpose Financial Reporting XBRL taxonomy for Commercial and Industrial Companies C&I taxonomy
To begin, the XBRL India jurisdiction has developed the general purpose taxonomy
The draft general purpose taxonomy which was exposed for public comment, has been finalised on the basis of comments expected to be sent shortly to XBRL International for accreditation will be released for use in India.
CA Sandesh Mundra, [email protected]
CA Sandesh Mundra, [email protected]
CA Sandesh Mundra, [email protected]
DEVELOPMENT OF XBRL TAXONOMIES (contd…)
Scope of C&I taxonomy
Financial statements-Balance Sheet, Statement of Profit and Loss & Cash Flow Statement Related non-financial information, e.g., disclosures required in notes to accounts, additional disclosures required under company law
Features of C&I taxonomy
Based on Indian Accounting Standards Conforms with requirements of Indian Company Law and SEBI Regulations Adopts architectural features of the IFRS general purpose taxonomy
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Based on XML
• XML– XML is a standard language which is maintained by the World
Wide Web Consortium (W3C). – XML does not replace HTML– It enables rich, structured data to be delivered in a standard,
consistent way. – XML provides a framework for defining tags (i.e. taxonomy) and
the relationship between them (i.e. schema).
• XBRL– XBRL builds upon XML, – XBRL is also extensible in that users are able to create their own
XBRL taxonomies that define and describe tags unique to a given environment.
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• How different is HTML –
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• The motto of HTML is: "I know how it looks", whereas the motto of XML is: "I know what it means, and you tell me how it should look.”
CA Sandesh Mundra, [email protected]
CA Sandesh Mundra, [email protected]
Advantages of XML• XML is not a limited set of tags defined by proprietary vendors.
• Rather than waiting for standards bodies to adopt tag set enhancements (a process which can take quite some time), or for browser companies to adopt each other's standards (yeah right!), with XML, you can create your own set of tags at your own pace.
• Of course, not only are you free to develop at your own pace, but you are free to develop tools that meet your needs exactly.
• XML allows each specific industry to develop its own tag sets to meet its unique needs without forcing everyone's browser to incorporate the functionality of zillions of tag sets, and without forcing the developers to settle for a generic tag set that is too generic to be useful.
• Machine-readable context information
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XBRL and Financial Reporting
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• To make this data interactive, the registrant will use software to affix an XBRL tag to each number on the balance sheet.
• For example, the tag affixed to the $100 “Cash” amount will have a descriptive name, such as “Cash.” Once the tag is affixed, any software capable of reading XBRL will be able to determine that the $100 amount represents cash, which is a current asset, and that the $100 amount rolls up into the “Total Current Assets” and “Total Assets” subtotals. The tag also provides a definition, the currency in which the amount is being reported (e.g., the U.S. dollar or the euro), and the related period for which the amount is being reported (e.g., as of December 31, 2008).
CA Sandesh Mundra, [email protected]
CA Sandesh Mundra, [email protected]
1st Step – Download taxonomy & Tagging Software
• Download taxonomy• Download XBRL Tagging Software
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2nd Step – Tagging/Mapping • Open Excel file you wish to tag.
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Mapping…..
• Mapping means:– Put XBRL taxonomies against Financial
Statements line items.
• Here is the Snap Shot of Mapped Financial Statement in Excel.
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Financial Statements’ Line ItemsTaxonomies
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3rd Step - Validation
• Process of checking that instance documents and taxonomies correctly meet the rules of the XBRL specification.
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Steps to prepare XBRL based report1. Generating financial statement is what we are doing till
now.2. Mapping line items of financial statements with taxonomies.
3. After mapping, certain line items may remain unmapped.
4. For unmapped line items, new line items need to be added to the base taxonomy.
5. If new line items are calculated accounts, corresponding calculation logic needs to be added to the extended taxonomy .
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Extended Taxonomy• Public taxonomies cannot always meet the precise needs of
every individual financial report.• For this reason, XBRL is designed to be extensible, allowing
preparers to create an extension taxonomy that adds to the public taxonomy.
CA Sandesh Mundra, [email protected]
Methods to create Extended Taxonomy
• Creating an extension taxonomy is done differently in different software products– Name of extension files should conform to standardfile name
conventions. – Contain the date of the end of the latest reporting period in the
filing.– The extension taxonomy has a unique namespace, which looks like
a web address although it is not. Eg. http://xbrl.ABC.com/2012‖.– Every element has a Universal Resource Identifier (URI) that
identifies the organization that maintains the element definitions, with an indication of what the term covers. In the XBRL US GAAP Taxonomy, namespaces start with http://xbrl.us/us-gaap/. A namespace prefix is not the namespace.
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• Tags can be applied not only to amounts but also to nonmonetary financial concepts.
• The collection of XBRL tags forming the US GAAP Taxonomies has been modeled to accommodate all amounts and disclosures that must be reported under U.S. GAAP (i.e., if presentation of a financial number or disclosure is required under U.S. GAAP, a corresponding tag for that item most likely will exist in the taxonomies).
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Tagging of notes
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RBI on XBRL
• RBI adopted XBRL for Online filing of return to standardize business reporting, especially financial reporting.
• At present OFRS is implemented for host return such as Section 42(2) Form – A , daily return Gap, Position and Balances (GPB) and . RCA
• RBI launched XBRL standard for Basel – II reporting system using XBRL through the existing Online Return Filing System (ORFS) on October 6, 2008.
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SEBI on XBRL
• The SEBI has introduced Clause 52 in the equity listing agreement, requiring listed companies to file information with the exchange only through Corporate Filing and Dissemination System (CFDS). CFDS is the portal put in place jointly by BSE and NSE and offers a XBRL-enabled common platform for listed companies to file such information, statements and reports as may be specified by BSE and NSE
CA Sandesh Mundra, [email protected]
CA Sandesh Mundra, [email protected]
MCA on XBRL• MCA issued Circular no. 09/2011, dated 31-
3-2011:– Following companies are required to file their
balance sheet and profit and loss accounts in XBRL mode on or before 30-9-2011.• All companies listed in India and their subsidiaries
including overseas subsidiaries.• All companies having paid up capital of Rs. 5 Crore
and more or turnover of Rs. 100 Crore and more.
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Current Situation in India
• Rules pending to be notified• No details of platform are available• Whether full balance sheet or only first page• Notes to accounts ?• Comments on draft !!!
– Options available
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Singapore – http://www.bizfile.gov.sg/
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• XML like Income Tax India• Manual tagging in Excel Sheet
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XBRL - Mantra
Better Faster Cheper
Accuracy No rekeying Automated
Acceessibility Instant user access Software independent
Analysis More frequent updates Less effort to use
• XBRL mantra – “better, faster, cheaper”
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Auditors’ roles in XBRL environment• Auditors’ role dose not change whether
financial statements in manual or electronic form.
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Scopes for the professionals• The gradual adoption of XBRL as a medium of financial
reporting has received considerable support from regulatory authorities, internationally.
• As regulatory requirements take further shape in India, each Company will be faced with the following challenges.– To assess the XBRL reporting requirements – To identify XBRL tools best suited to its processes and environment– To identify appropriate XBRL taxonomies and explore the need for
extensions
• Developments for new taxonomies
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Question
CA Sandesh MundraEmail: [email protected]: www.smaca.in