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Mathematical Induction
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  • Mathematical Induction

  • Mathematical Induction

    nni

    12

    1

    3

    1

    2

    11 Prove e.g.

    222

  • Mathematical Induction

    nni

    12

    1

    3

    1

    2

    11 Prove e.g.

    222

    Test: n = 1

  • Mathematical Induction

    nni

    12

    1

    3

    1

    2

    11 Prove e.g.

    222

    Test: n = 1

    1

    1

    1..

    2

    SHL

  • Mathematical Induction

    nni

    12

    1

    3

    1

    2

    11 Prove e.g.

    222

    Test: n = 1

    1

    1

    1..

    2

    SHL

    1

    1

    12..

    SHR

  • Mathematical Induction

    nni

    12

    1

    3

    1

    2

    11 Prove e.g.

    222

    Test: n = 1

    1

    1

    1..

    2

    SHL

    1

    1

    12..

    SHR

    SHRSHL ....

  • Mathematical Induction

    nni

    12

    1

    3

    1

    2

    11 Prove e.g.

    222

    Test: n = 1

    1

    1

    1..

    2

    SHL

    1

    1

    12..

    SHR

    SHRSHL ....

    kk

    knA1

    21

    3

    1

    2

    11

    222

  • Mathematical Induction

    nni

    12

    1

    3

    1

    2

    11 Prove e.g.

    222

    Test: n = 1

    1

    1

    1..

    2

    SHL

    1

    1

    12..

    SHR

    SHRSHL ....

    kk

    knA1

    21

    3

    1

    2

    11

    222

    1

    12

    1

    1

    3

    1

    2

    11 1

    222

    kkknP

  • Proof:

    2222222 111

    3

    1

    2

    11

    1

    1

    3

    1

    2

    11

    kkk

  • Proof:

    2222222 111

    3

    1

    2

    11

    1

    1

    3

    1

    2

    11

    kkk

    2111

    2

    kk

  • Proof:

    2222222 111

    3

    1

    2

    11

    1

    1

    3

    1

    2

    11

    kkk

    2111

    2

    kk

    2

    2

    1

    12

    kk

    kk

  • Proof:

    2222222 111

    3

    1

    2

    11

    1

    1

    3

    1

    2

    11

    kkk

    2111

    2

    kk

    2

    2

    1

    12

    kk

    kk

    22

    1

    12

    kk

    kk

  • Proof:

    2222222 111

    3

    1

    2

    11

    1

    1

    3

    1

    2

    11

    kkk

    2111

    2

    kk

    2

    2

    1

    12

    kk

    kk

    22

    1

    12

    kk

    kk

    222

    1

    1

    12

    kkkk

    kk

  • Proof:

    2222222 111

    3

    1

    2

    11

    1

    1

    3

    1

    2

    11

    kkk

    2111

    2

    kk

    2

    2

    1

    12

    kk

    kk

    22

    1

    12

    kk

    kk

    222

    1

    1

    12

    kkkk

    kk

    21

    12

    kk

    kk

  • Proof:

    2222222 111

    3

    1

    2

    11

    1

    1

    3

    1

    2

    11

    kkk

    2111

    2

    kk

    2

    2

    1

    12

    kk

    kk

    22

    1

    12

    kk

    kk

    222

    1

    1

    12

    kkkk

    kk

    21

    12

    kk

    kk

    1

    12

    k

  • Proof:

    2222222 111

    3

    1

    2

    11

    1

    1

    3

    1

    2

    11

    kkk

    2111

    2

    kk

    2

    2

    1

    12

    kk

    kk

    22

    1

    12

    kk

    kk

    222

    1

    1

    12

    kkkk

    kk

    21

    12

    kk

    kk

    1

    12

    k

    11

    21

    1

    3

    1

    2

    11

    222

    kk

  • 1for 2 2 11 naaa nn

    (ii) A sequence is defined by;

    1for 2 that Show nan

  • 1for 2 2 11 naaa nn

    (ii) A sequence is defined by;

    1for 2 that Show nan

    Test: n = 1

  • 1for 2 2 11 naaa nn

    (ii) A sequence is defined by;

    1for 2 that Show nan

    Test: n = 1 221 a

  • 1for 2 2 11 naaa nn

    (ii) A sequence is defined by;

    1for 2 that Show nan

    Test: n = 1 221 a

    2 kaknA

  • 1for 2 2 11 naaa nn

    (ii) A sequence is defined by;

    1for 2 that Show nan

    Test: n = 1 221 a

    2 kaknA

    2 1 1 kaknP

  • 1for 2 2 11 naaa nn

    (ii) A sequence is defined by;

    1for 2 that Show nan

    Test: n = 1 221 a

    2 kaknA

    2 1 1 kaknP

    Proof:

  • 1for 2 2 11 naaa nn

    (ii) A sequence is defined by;

    1for 2 that Show nan

    Test: n = 1 221 a

    2 kaknA

    2 1 1 kaknP

    Proof:

    kk aa 21

  • 1for 2 2 11 naaa nn

    (ii) A sequence is defined by;

    1for 2 that Show nan

    Test: n = 1 221 a

    2 kaknA

    2 1 1 kaknP

    Proof:

    kk aa 21

    22

  • 1for 2 2 11 naaa nn

    (ii) A sequence is defined by;

    1for 2 that Show nan

    Test: n = 1 221 a

    2 kaknA

    2 1 1 kaknP

    Proof:

    kk aa 21

    22

    2

    4

  • 1for 2 2 11 naaa nn

    (ii) A sequence is defined by;

    1for 2 that Show nan

    Test: n = 1 221 a

    2 kaknA

    2 1 1 kaknP

    Proof:

    kk aa 21

    22

    2

    4

    21 ka

  • nn

    nnn

    nnn

    yx

    yxy

    yxxyx

    2,

    2 2,5 1111

    1for 10 Prove nyx nn

    by; defined are and sequences The nn yxiii

  • nn

    nnn

    nnn

    yx

    yxy

    yxxyx

    2,

    2 2,5 1111

    1for 10 Prove nyx nn

    Test: n = 1

    by; defined are and sequences The nn yxiii

  • nn

    nnn

    nnn

    yx

    yxy

    yxxyx

    2,

    2 2,5 1111

    1for 10 Prove nyx nn

    Test: n = 1

    10

    2511

    yx

    by; defined are and sequences The nn yxiii

  • nn

    nnn

    nnn

    yx

    yxy

    yxxyx

    2,

    2 2,5 1111

    1for 10 Prove nyx nn

    Test: n = 1

    10

    2511

    yx

    10 kk yxknA

    by; defined are and sequences The nn yxiii

  • nn

    nnn

    nnn

    yx

    yxy

    yxxyx

    2,

    2 2,5 1111

    1for 10 Prove nyx nn

    Test: n = 1

    10

    2511

    yx

    10 kk yxknA

    10 1 11 kk yxknP

    by; defined are and sequences The nn yxiii

  • nn

    nnn

    nnn

    yx

    yxy

    yxxyx

    2,

    2 2,5 1111

    1for 10 Prove nyx nn

    Test: n = 1

    10

    2511

    yx

    10 kk yxknA

    10 1 11 kk yxknP

    Proof:

    by; defined are and sequences The nn yxiii

  • nn

    nnn

    nnn

    yx

    yxy

    yxxyx

    2,

    2 2,5 1111

    1for 10 Prove nyx nn

    Test: n = 1

    10

    2511

    yx

    10 kk yxknA

    10 1 11 kk yxknP

    Proof:

    kk

    kkkkkk

    yx

    yxyxyx

    2

    211

    by; defined are and sequences The nn yxiii

  • nn

    nnn

    nnn

    yx

    yxy

    yxxyx

    2,

    2 2,5 1111

    1for 10 Prove nyx nn

    Test: n = 1

    10

    2511

    yx

    10 kk yxknA

    10 1 11 kk yxknP

    Proof:

    kk

    kkkkkk

    yx

    yxyxyx

    2

    211

    10

    kk yx

    by; defined are and sequences The nn yxiii

  • nn

    nnn

    nnn

    yx

    yxy

    yxxyx

    2,

    2 2,5 1111

    1for 10 Prove nyx nn

    Test: n = 1

    10

    2511

    yx

    10 kk yxknA

    10 1 11 kk yxknP

    Proof:

    kk

    kkkkkk

    yx

    yxyxyx

    2

    211

    10

    kk yx

    1011 kk yx

    by; defined are and sequences The nn yxiii

  • 1for 1 1121 naaaaa nnn

    (iv) The Fibonacci sequence is defined by;

    1for 2

    51 that Prove

    na

    n

    n

  • 1for 1 1121 naaaaa nnn

    (iv) The Fibonacci sequence is defined by;

    1for 2

    51 that Prove

    na

    n

    n

    Test: n = 1 and n =2

  • 1for 1 1121 naaaaa nnn

    (iv) The Fibonacci sequence is defined by;

    1for 2

    51 that Prove

    na

    n

    n

    Test: n = 1 and n =2

    1

    .. 1

    aSHL

  • 1for 1 1121 naaaaa nnn

    (iv) The Fibonacci sequence is defined by;

    1for 2

    51 that Prove

    na

    n

    n

    Test: n = 1 and n =2

    1

    .. 1

    aSHL

    62.1

    2

    51..

    1

    SHR

  • 1for 1 1121 naaaaa nnn

    (iv) The Fibonacci sequence is defined by;

    1for 2

    51 that Prove

    na

    n

    n

    Test: n = 1 and n =2

    1

    .. 1

    aSHL

    62.1

    2

    51..

    1

    SHR

    SHRSHL ....

  • 1for 1 1121 naaaaa nnn

    (iv) The Fibonacci sequence is defined by;

    1for 2

    51 that Prove

    na

    n

    n

    Test: n = 1 and n =2

    1

    .. 1

    aSHL

    62.1

    2

    51..

    1

    SHR

    SHRSHL ....

    1

    .. 2

    aSHL

  • 1for 1 1121 naaaaa nnn

    (iv) The Fibonacci sequence is defined by;

    1for 2

    51 that Prove

    na

    n

    n

    Test: n = 1 and n =2

    1

    .. 1

    aSHL

    62.1

    2

    51..

    1

    SHR

    SHRSHL ....

    1

    .. 2

    aSHL

    62.2

    2

    51..

    2

    SHR

  • 1for 1 1121 naaaaa nnn

    (iv) The Fibonacci sequence is defined by;

    1for 2

    51 that Prove

    na

    n

    n

    Test: n = 1 and n =2

    1

    .. 1

    aSHL

    62.1

    2

    51..

    1

    SHR

    SHRSHL ....

    1

    .. 2

    aSHL

    62.2

    2

    51..

    2

    SHR

    SHRSHL ....

  • 1for 1 1121 naaaaa nnn

    (iv) The Fibonacci sequence is defined by;

    1for 2

    51 that Prove

    na

    n

    n

    Test: n = 1 and n =2

    k

    k

    k

    k aaknknA

    2

    51 &

    2

    51 &1

    1

    1

    1

    .. 1

    aSHL

    62.1

    2

    51..

    1

    SHR

    SHRSHL ....

    1

    .. 2

    aSHL

    62.2

    2

    51..

    2

    SHR

    SHRSHL ....

  • 1for 1 1121 naaaaa nnn

    (iv) The Fibonacci sequence is defined by;

    1for 2

    51 that Prove

    na

    n

    n

    Test: n = 1 and n =2

    k

    k

    k

    k aaknknA

    2

    51 &

    2

    51 &1

    1

    1

    1

    12

    51 1

    k

    kaknP

    1

    .. 1

    aSHL

    62.1

    2

    51..

    1

    SHR

    SHRSHL ....

    1

    .. 2

    aSHL

    62.2

    2

    51..

    2

    SHR

    SHRSHL ....

  • Proof: 11 kkk aaa

  • Proof: 11 kkk aaa1

    2

    51

    2

    51

    kk

  • Proof: 11 kkk aaa1

    2

    51

    2

    51

    kk

    211

    2

    51

    2

    51

    2

    51k

  • Proof: 11 kkk aaa1

    2

    51

    2

    51

    kk

    211

    2

    51

    2

    51

    2

    51k

    2

    1

    51

    4

    51

    2

    2

    51k

  • Proof: 11 kkk aaa1

    2

    51

    2

    51

    kk

    211

    2

    51

    2

    51

    2

    51k

    2

    1

    51

    4

    51

    2

    2

    51k

    2

    1

    2

    1

    51

    526

    2

    51

    51

    4522

    2

    51

    k

    k

  • Proof: 11 kkk aaa1

    2

    51

    2

    51

    kk

    211

    2

    51

    2

    51

    2

    51k

    2

    1

    51

    4

    51

    2

    2

    51k

    2

    1

    2

    1

    51

    526

    2

    51

    51

    4522

    2

    51

    k

    k

    1

    2

    51

    k

  • Proof: 11 kkk aaa1

    2

    51

    2

    51

    kk

    211

    2

    51

    2

    51

    2

    51k

    2

    1

    51

    4

    51

    2

    2

    51k

    2

    1

    2

    1

    51

    526

    2

    51

    51

    4522

    2

    51

    k

    k

    1

    2

    51

    k

    1

    12

    51

    k

    ka

  • Proof: 11 kkk aaa1

    2

    51

    2

    51

    kk

    211

    2

    51

    2

    51

    2

    51k

    2

    1

    51

    4

    51

    2

    2

    51k

    2

    1

    2

    1

    51

    526

    2

    51

    51

    4522

    2

    51

    k

    k

    1

    2

    51

    k

    1

    12

    51

    k

    ka

    Sheets

    +

    Exercise 10E*