X-Ray Astronomy. X-Rays Light at high energies Takes lots of energy to produce them Atmosphere absorbs X-Rays Most of the matter that we “see” is known to us from its X-Ray emission. X-Ray Astronomy. Solar Studies in late 40’s Discovery of first extra solar source in 1962 - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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X-Ray Astronomy
• X-Rays – Light at high energies– Takes lots of energy to produce them
• Atmosphere absorbs X-Rays
• Most of the matter that we “see” is known to us from its X-Ray emission
X-Ray Astronomy
• Solar Studies in late 40’s
• Discovery of first extra solar source in 1962– Also discovery of faint glow (the “diffuse
background)
Project History
• Began in 1976
• Launch in 1999
Chandra –Line Drawing
The Optics
Mirror Polishing
Optical Bench
InstrumentsAdvanced Ccd Imaging Spectrometer
InstrumentsHigh Resolution Camera
X-Ray Calibration Facility
Preparing For Thermal Vacuum Test
The Crew
Chandra/IUS in Cargo Bay
Launch (7-19-99) Almost
Launch at Last!7-23-1999
Chandra Deployed
The Orbit
From above, with radiation belts & Moon Side view, showing radiation belts
First Light
First Light
Planets
• Jupiter– Hot spots at high latitudes
• Big surprise
– Pulsates (45 minute period)
Venus
Supernova Schematic
Monitoring Sn1987a
Crab Nebula
Crab Pulsar Always on!
Vela Pulsar
Globular Cluster M15
• Chandra resolved 2 sources in center
• Explained contradictory observations
Galactic Center
•First high-resolution X-ray panorama of the Galactic center
•Detection of about 1,000 discrete X-ray sources
•Detection of large amounts of hot gas
Sgr A*
Sgr A*
Normal Galaxies – M81
Active Galaxies - NGC 1068
Multi-wavelength Jets: M87
X-Ray-Bright Highest-Redshift Quasars
Clusters of Galaxies - Hydra
Clusters of Galaxies – Dark Matter
The Deep Surveys
• 1Million seconds on Chandra Deep Field-South and 2 Million on CDF-N– Probe is 80 times deeper at low energies– 800 times deeper at hard energies– All data publicly available
• CDF-N detects about 500 discrete sources and 6 extended sources
Summary
• Operations are running smoothly
• Mission success – Design of the Observatory – Excellent and committed staff– Team effort involving all the players– Exciting and fundamental scientific results– Papers at a rate of ~10 per week
Education and & Outreach
Public Web Site http://chandra.harvard.edu
– Access to Chandra images & information
Products – posters, coloring books, – lithographs & other