X_- -/ C -DISPOSITION FORM A pW...*.@EtsWS sem. ... ,R oo s .t A AD-A201 060 In WINKWCa 01% OpFict ztueOe SUNJOCT SGRD.UE - 'HR Request for Clearance ot I ecnlcei raper tUwen ur-ml to Commwander, USARIEM FWC, Heat Rsch Div 17 Oct 88 CMT I LEAf x4873 1. Reference USARIEM Memo 360-1. request clearance of attached fjmanuscrlpt. Cabstract, Q-presentation, W ehnkcal report. [C review article. Report Documnentation Page. DD Form 1473 (ls)(ilffM) attached. Title Desynchronization of biological rhythms in athletes: jet lag Author(s) Lawrence E. Armstrong, Ph.D. Intended for publication In NSCA Journal Intended for presntation before n/a ___________________Location n/a Date n/a 2. BudWtProject No. 3E162787A879 Cost Code 8430083302129 3. Attached contains no classified material. It meets accepted standards for scientific accuracy and propriety. It contains no potentially sensitive or conrp I Items7 IC DTY ~ ROGER W. HUBBARD, Ph.D. LEC e t R Chief, Heat Research Division Endl NOV 29I SG RD-UEZ ) - ~I A THRU Chief, Admin Svcd Br FROM Commander DATE 3/6e-dgCMT 2 To dk W 1T) . R Clearance Is granted. CrClearance Is not granted. A This document must be forwarded to USAMRDC for clearance. F RI M U R M N A T M E N T A K E Ene Androved f o pubpe t rolecse4 DA D Locationin/a Datetn/ nc Bud--roe-tNo.--1678-879Colonel, MS 840830B. Comma~nding CLEARANCE NO. h7-89 J.,FI[DEC 1 ef, ea8 Researh 28 93 -ATICK FL 453 DA 081802496 aRW 2W"W AUE uWs. .0"Wmt MU.,SWs 0"60 e. ss-4004
12
Embed
X - -DISPOSITION FORM A oo AD-A201 060 - DTIC · X_- -/ C-DISPOSITION FORM A pW...*.@EtsWS sem. ...oo s ,R .t A AD-A201 060 In WINKWCa 01% OpFict ztueOe SUNJOCT SGRD.UE -'HR Request
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
X_- -/ C-DISPOSITION FORM A
pW...*.@EtsWS sem. ... ,R oo s .t A AD-A201 060 InWINKWCa 01% OpFict ztueOe SUNJOCTSGRD.UE - 'HR Request for Clearance ot I ecnlcei raper tUwen ur-ml
to Commwander, USARIEM FWC, Heat Rsch Div 17 Oct 88 CMT I
3. Attached contains no classified material. It meets accepted standards for scientific accuracy and propriety. Itcontains no potentially sensitive or conrp I Items7
IC
DTY ~ ROGER W. HUBBARD, Ph.D.LEC e t R Chief, Heat Research Division
Endl NOV 29I
SG RD-UEZ )
- ~I A
THRU Chief, Admin Svcd Br FROM Commander DATE 3/6e-dgCMT 2
To dk W 1T).R Clearance Is granted.
CrClearance Is not granted. A
This document must be forwarded to USAMRDC for clearance.
F RI M U R M N A T M E N T A K EEne Androved f o pubpe t rolecse4 DA D
Locationin/a Datetn/
nc Bud--roe-tNo.--1678-879Colonel, MS 840830B.Comma~nding
CLEARANCE NO. h7-89
J.,FI[DEC 1 ef, ea8 Researh 28 93-ATICK FL 453
DA 081802496 aRW 2W"W AUE uWs. .0"Wmt MU.,SWs 0"60 e. ss-4004
REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE A N07 18
to. REPORT SECURITY CLASSIFICATION lb. RESTRICTIVE MARKINGSUNCLASSIFIED
2a. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION AUTHORITY 3. DISTRIBUTION i AVAILABIUITY OF REPORT
2b. DECLASSIFICATION I DOWNGRADING SCH4EDULE
4. PERFORMI1NG ORG-ANIZATION REPORT NUMBER(S) S. MONITORING ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBER(S)
USARIEM, Natick, HASo. NAME OF PERFORMING ORGANIZATION 6b. OFFICE SYMBOL 7a. NAME OF MONITORING ORGANIZATION
(if apoikabl)USARIEN, Nat ick MA SGRD-UE-HR
1c. 1=1RES lay, state, owd zip COXe) 7b. ADDRESS (City, State, and ZIP Code)
Natick, MA 01760-5007
So. NAME OF FUNDING /SPONSORING iSb. OFFICE SYMBOL 9. PROCUREMENT INSTRUMENT IDENTIFICATION NUMBERORGANIZATION (N 811appcaba.
8c. ADDRESS (City, Stte, and ZIPCode) 10. SOURCEOF FUNDING NUMBERSPROGRAM IPROJECT TASK I WORK UNITELEMENT NO. NO. INO. IACCESSIOk No.62787A 13E162787A8 BA IDA311251
11. TITLE &kd4 deftCboffjstou)
(U) Desynchronization of biological rhythms in athletes: jet lag12. PERSONAL AUITHOR(S)
L.E. Armstrong, Ph.D.
13a. TYPE OF REPORT 13b. TIME COVERED 14. DATE OF REPORT (YwrMolth.Day) 15. PAGE COUNTmanuscript FROM Oct88 ToOct88 17 Oct 88 10
16. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTATION
17. COSATI CODES 1S. SUBJECT TERMS (Continue on reverse If necesswy and ldntWl by block number)
FED GROUP 1U-R~k- biological rhythms, desynchronization, rsnhoiainjet lag. (.IQuj
19. ABSTRACT (C aiu n reverse If nftvnay anW Identify by block number)
This article reviews the human biolo'gical rhythms which alter performance, and theways tahuan biological ryhms are desynchronized--focusing on transmeridian airtravel (jet lag). Recommendations for resynchroiaizing biological/circadian rhythmsare presented, based on the work of several author*-., Because of the journal involved,athletic populations are highlighted. tL*'4
20. DISTRIBUTION /AVAILABILITY OF ABSTRACT 2t1&RC EUIYCASFCTOMlUNCLASSIFIEDIUNUIMITED 03 SAME As RPT. 13DTic USERStCSEUIYLAIFATO
22s. NAME OF RESPONSIBLE INDIVIDUAL 22b. TF' EPONbc Area Co*) I 2c. OFFICE SYMBOLLawrence E. Armstrong, Ph.D. 508-6514735 SR-UE-HR
00 Pom 1473, JUN N Prevwous e06ou reoboe. SECURITY CLASSIFIAONF ISPE
UNCLAS
Series Title: ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS #4
DESYNCHRONIZATION OF BIOLOGICAL RHYTHMS IN ATHLETES: JET LAG
Lawrence E. Armstrong, Ph.D.
Heat Research Division
U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine
Natick, MA 01760-5007
(508) 651-4873
(In small print:)The views, opinions, and/or fmdings contained in this report are those of
the authors and should not be construed as official Department of the Armyposition, policy or decision, unless so designated by other official documentation.Citations of commercial organizations and trade names in this report do notconstitute an official Department of the Army endorsement or approval of theproducts or services of these organizations.
'.Accesioi ForNTIS CRA&DTIC TAB ]QUnannourne 0
d: * By _--.. ..
Di-;.-A. .
J i l i il JJ . ... m i l l I A I y " -dJ
Regular biological rhythms have been observed in animals and plants, from
unicellular organisms to complex vertebrates (5). These biological rhythms are
expressed as oscillations in physiological systems which last from minutes to
months. Circadian rhythms are one category of biological rhythms which last
approximately 24 hours; they derive their name from the Latin phrase circa dies
("about a day"), meaning that they change in concert with the rotation of the
earth.
In humans, the following processes exhibit circadian rhythms: breathing
rate, heart rate, body temperature, oxygen consumption, blood plasma volume
and protein concentration, sweat rate, flexibility of major joints, grip strength,
muscular endurance, physical work capacity, neuromuscular coordination, reaction
time, as well as psychological factors such as short-term memory, logical
reasoning, mood state, vigor and altertness (5,8,10). Circadian rhythms should
not be confused with the discredited (6,9,10) "biorhythm" theory of a 23-day
physical cycle, a 28-day emotional cycle, and a 33-day intellectual cycle, which
has resulted in books, charts and calculators to predict "favorable" and
"unfavorable" days in one's life. This discredited theory states that
"biorhythms" are established at birth, do not change, and are identical for all
persons with the same birthdate (8). In fact, biological rhythms may be altered
by a variety of factors (5,6,9,10) and vary greatly between individuals (5,9,10).
The biological rhythms of organs and systems are probably controlled by
reverberating nerve circuits in the midbrain (6). Because the rhythms of body
parts may be altered independently, it is advantageous to have these rhythms
synchronized. This allows for rapid, efficient interaction of organs, in response
to a stimulus. Synchronization of circadian rhythms is enhanced by external
cues (6,9). In most species, the level of light is the dominant external cue (6).
In humans, factors such as meal timing (2), dietary nutrients (1), shift work
(5,9), group living (9), and stressful situations (10) also may alter the duration
of biological rhythms.
A variety of research studies have focused on the optimal time of day to
perform work and exercise. These studies (6,9,10) have shown that the majority
of performance-critical circadian rhythms are optimal in the afternoon (Table 1).
7 Ue The reader should note that Table 1 describes an average time of day for each
factor and that differences in circadian rhythms can be expected between athletes
(i.e. "lark? are different from "owls" in epinephrine secretion, psychological
mood, and activity patterns; see ref. 10). The unique requirements of each
competitive event will dictate how each factor in Table 1 alters performance; for
example, some events require small muscle coordination and visual acuity more
than others. Detailed records of previous performances may be useful indetermining the optimal time of day for each athlete. Also, any reasonably
intelligent athlete can determine his/her own circadian peaks, valleys and
patterns. This involves taking relatively simple measurements of physical and