X-DF the gas engine for merchant marine ships LNG is starting the transition to carbon-free fuel
X-DF the gas engine for merchant marine ships
LNG is starting the transition to carbon-free fuel
IMO environmental Regulation Quality of air and climate change
IMSF Athens 2019
IMO GHG strategy A dual problem: more energy is requested with less carbon
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• Seaborn trade is doubling by 2050 compared to 2008
• Increased vessel and propulsion efficiency incl. speed reduction will alone not be enough to meet the set target by 2050
• Alternative fuels need to be used
• LNG is one of them
• Non fossil Methane or non fossil Diesel need to become available for shipping to achieve 50% GHG emission cut in 2050
A long heritage in diesel and gas engine design
IMSF Athens 2019
WinGD has its headquarter in
Winterthur Switzerland, one of the
earliest exponents
of the Diesel engine technology.
It started with the development of
internal combustion engine in
1898 under the “Sulzer” name
and continues to develop power
solutions
1898
2015
1997
X-DF engines reference list
IMSF Athens 2019
X62DF
X72DF
115K dwt Crude Oil Tankers
180K cu.m. LNGC/twin screw
174K cu.m. LNGC/twin screw
23 engines
174k cu.m. LNGC/twin screw
180K dwt Bulk Carriers130 engines
RT-flex50DF15K dwt Product Tankers
1-2K TEU Feeder CVs
14-20K cu.m. LNG Carriers 17 engines
OrdersVessel typeX-DF engine type
TOTAL 185 DF engines (ca. 3.3 GW)
6 enginesX52DF 125K dwt Shuttle Tanker
7’000 vehicles Car Carrier
X92DF 22K TEU Post-Panamax CVs 9 engines
X engines (Diesel) reference list
IMSF Athens 2019
X62
X72
X92
56–108K dwt Bulk Carriers
60K dwt Chemical Tankers
115K dwt Crude/Product Tankers
2-3K TEU Feeder CVs
80K cu.m. LPGC
79 engines
150-210K dwt Bulk Carriers
158K dwt Crude Oil Tankers
3-8K TEU Intermediate CVs 74 engines
X82
250-400K dwt Bulk Carriers
280-310K dwt Crude Oil Tankers
8-12K TEU Neo-Panamax CVs
12-15K TEU Neo-Panamax CVs
98 engines
X35
X40
8K Multi-Purpose Vessels
10-44K dwt Bulk Carriers
11-22K dwt Chemical Tankers
23K dwt Shuttle Tankers
1-2K TEU Feeder CVs
2K cars Car Carriers
82 engines
10 engines
8-12K TEU Neo-Panamax CVs
12-15K TEU Neo-Panamax CVs
15K+ TEU Post-Panamax CVs50 engines
OrdersVessel typeX engine type
TOTAL 427 X engines (ca. 10.3 GW)
X52 38-70K dwt Bulk Carrier
50K dwt Product Tankers34 engines
The order that will change the future……
WinGD is the preferred choice for 9 x 22 000 TEU C/V
IMSF Athens 2019
Main engine 12X92DF
Power 63 840 kW / 80 rpm
Bore 920 mm
Stroke 3 468 mm
Length 23 000 mm
Weight 2 140 tons
Gensets
Wärtsilä 6 x L34DF
Fuel Gas Supply System
Wärtsilä
Fuel gas tank
GTT 18 600 m3
Press Release of Nov. 7, 2017
http://www.cma-cgm.com/news/1811/world-innovation-cma-cgm-is-the-first-shipping-company-to-choose-liquefied-natural-gas-for-its-biggest-ships
Announced during COP 23 (UN Climate Change Conference) in Bonn, Nov 6 - 17, 2017
41 LNG-fuelled vessels with X-DF
IMSF Athens 2019
• The propulsion of choice!
RT-flex50DF (5,7 cyl)
• 4 x 15k dwt Chemical Tanker, Sweden
• 6 x 1400 TEU Container Vessel, Finland
• 4 x 15k dwt Asphalt Carrier, Canada
X52DF (7,8 cyl)• 2 x 125k dwt twin-screw Shuttle Tanker, Singapore / Norway• 1 x 7000 unit PCTC
X62DF (6,7 cyl)• 13 x 114k dwt Aframax Tanker, Russia / Singapore
X72DF (6 cyl)• 2 x 180 k dwt Bulker, Korea
X92DF (12 cyl)• 9 x 22’000 TEU Container Vessels, France
70 LNG Carriers with X-DF
IMSF Athens 2019
• 5RT-flex50DF
1 x 14k m3 Coastal LNGC
• 5X52DF
1 x 30k m3 LNGC
• 6X62DF
5 x 180k m3 LNGC
• 5X72DF
57 x 174k/180k m3 LNGC
• 6X72DF
6 x 180k m3 LNGC
Shipbuilders: SHI, HHI, DSME, Hudong
138 engines on order
hereof 39 delivered, hereof 19 in operation
TOTAL 181 engines + options (Feb 2019)
X-DF the only low speed low pressure engine in the market
IMSF Athens 2019
Low pressure X-DF technologyMaximum simplicity
The Principle• Engine operating according to Otto process
• Pre-mixed ‘Lean-burn’ combustion technology
• Low-pressure gas admission at ’mid-stroke’ location
• Ignition by pilot-fuel into pre-chambers
IMSF Athens 2019
The main merits • Simple, safe and reliable gas supply system• Simple gas sealing• Wide selection of proven compressors / cryogenic
pumps
Lean burn OTTO combustion• IMO Tier III compliant:
• Without additional equipment (EGR/SCR)
• Without additional fuel consumption
• Without compromised component reliability
Combustion principle
IMSF Athens 2019
The main merits
• Low gas pressure < 13 bar
• Simple and reliable gas supply system
• Simple gas sealing
• Wide selection of proven compressors / pumps
• Lean Burn‘Otto’ combustion means IMO Tier III
compliance:
• Without additional equipment (EGR/SCR)
• Without additional fuel consumption
• Without compromised component reliability
• Gas mode: Pre-mixed lean-burn ‘Otto’ combustion
• Diesel mode: Diesel process
Scavenging Compression/
gas admission
Ignition →
expansion
Combustion: comparison Diesel & Otto cycle
IMSF Athens 2019
Otto cycle – lean combustionDiesel cycle - rich combustion
Fuel
Air
local
hotspotsequal
temperature
distribution
high NOX
emission
low NOX
emission
X-DF emission overviewCH4 contribution converted to CO2 equivalent emissions
IMSF Athens 2019
• Particle Matters (PM) very low due to ‘lean-burn’ Otto combustion with pre-chamber ignition
• Close to zero SOx due to clean natural gas
• NOx level far below Tier lll due to ‘lean-burn’ Otto combustion
• CH4 emissions (Unburned Hydrocarbons) = ‘Methane slip’ is reducing the CO2 reduction with a conversion factor of 28 *) of -15% to -20% CO2 equivalent compared to the diesel engine.
• X-DF contributes positively to reduce the total emissions compared to any engine operating in the Diesel process
*): IPCC report ‘Climate Change 2014’, GWP factor 28
X-DFME-GI
Diesel / HFO
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
CO2
NOx
SOx
PM
Em
iss
ion
va
lue
s [
%]
Low speed engines are the most efficient machine
Why WinGD low-speed two-stroke engines?
X-DF has the engine efficiency up to 52%:
• Lower fuel and gas consumption than medium speed engine and gas turbine
• Best possible fuel efficiency at partial load
• Double or multi points engine tuning for high plant flexibility
IMSF Athens 2019
Some consideration about C02
IMSF Athens 2019
IMO GHG strategy A dual problem: more energy is requested with less carbon
IMSF Athens 2019
• Seaborn trade is doubling by 2050 compared to 2008
• Increased vessel and propulsion efficiency incl. speed reduction will alone not be enough to meet the set target by 2050
• Alternative fuels need to be used
• LNG is one of them
• Non fossil Methane or non fossil Diesel need to become available for shipping to achieve 50% GHG emission cut in 2050
90% of the goods are transported by seaSeaborne trade→ shipping is responsible of 3% of CO2 emission
WinGD company presentation Feb 2019
Global energy growing scenarions
IMSF Athens 2019
Source BP energy outlook 2019
Global Energy mix By Sector, region and fuel
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Power sector is where the CO2 reduction is possible
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Speed penetration of a new fuel
LNGC-Market / Technology / Exerience / V.Galke
LNG as marine fuel
IMSF Athens 2019
X-DF emission overviewCH4 contribution converted to CO2 equivalent emissions
IMSF Athens 2019
• Particle Matters (PM) very low due to ‘lean-burn’ Otto combustion with pre-chamber ignition
• Close to zero SOx due to clean natural gas
• NOx level far below Tier lll due to ‘lean-burn’ Otto combustion
• CH4 emissions (Unburned Hydrocarbons) = ‘Methane slip’ is reducing the CO2 reduction with a conversion factor of 28 *) of -15% to -20% CO2 equivalent compared to the diesel engine.
• X-DF contributes positively to reduce the total emissions compared to any engine operating in the Diesel process
*): IPCC report ‘Climate Change 2014’, GWP factor 28
X-DFME-GI
Diesel / HFO
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
CO2
NOx
SOx
PM
Em
iss
ion
va
lue
s [
%]
LNG is starting the transition to carbon-free fuel
IMSF Athens 2019
LNG fuelled ship
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Forecast of LNG fleet development
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LNG bunkering ports is growing
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Conclusions
• CO2 reduction is the next challenge for the shipping industry (and for the world!)
• LNG as fuel allows a CO2 reduction of more than 20%
• Not enough alone for reaching the IMO target, but in combination with other energy saving strategy, LNG can allow today to operate a ship close to the average IMO target 2050
• Alternative fuels need to be used
• Non fossil Methane or non fossil Diesel need to become available for shipping to achieve 50% GHG emission cut in 2050
IMSF Athens 2019
Thanks
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CONFIDENTIAL
IMSF Athens 2019
Methane emissionsWhy methane emissions of X-DF are not a climate relevant concern
• Overall Methane is 15 to 18% of global GHG emissions only.
• 50% of that is related to agriculture activities with livestock /meat production the predominate source.
• All existing LNG fuelled ships in the world (based on X-DF engines) would emit, during the year 2022, as much Methane emissions as all livestock in New Zealand in 1 day !
IMSF Athens 2019
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Human development is
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Seaborne trade: long term scenario
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Emissions of X-DF engines
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Different effect of different GHGCalculating GHG efficiency of different technologies needs detailed analysis
• GHG emissions have a different effect on global warming
• Methane is 28x stronger than CO2 but is disappearing over time
• Nitrous Oxide are the strongest GHG
• CO2 stays forever ….
IMSF Athens 2019
Methane emissionsWhy methane emissions of X-DF are not a climate relevant concern
• Overall Methane is 15 to 18% of global GHG emissions only.
• 50% of that is related to agriculture activities with livestock /meat production the predominate source.
• All existing LNG fuelled ships in the world (based on X-DF engines) would emit, during the year 2022, as much Methane emissions as all livestock in New Zealand in 1 day !
IMSF Athens 2019
LNG carrier application comparisonPre-conditions & assumptions for typical 174’000cbm designed LNGCFollowing two machinery concepts are compared for laden and ballast operation at sea:
• WinGD:Main engines 2 x 5X72DF (per engine: CMCR 11.350kW) and 4s DF aux. engines for electric power generation (1 aux engine in operation with load 70%)
• MAN ES:Main engines 2 x 5G70ME-C-GI (per engine: CMCR 11.350kW) and 4s DF aux. engines for electric power generation (2 aux. engines in operation with load 50%)
Electric power demand* in relation to the machinery solution:
• Ship (WinGD or MAN): Hotel load 2 000 kWe
• WinGD: Low pressure gas compressor 800 kWe
• MAN: High pressure gas compressor 1500 kWe
• TIER III (MAN): Exhaust Gas Recirculation (blower and water treatment system) 150 kWe per ship
IMSF Athens 2019
*assumed constant during load range
5X72DF 5G70ME-C-GI 4s DF
Aux. engines
Lload
[%]
CH4
[g/kWh]
CH4
[g/kWh]
CH4
[g/kWh]
100 1.61 0.35 3.6
75 1.68 0.35 4.5
50 2.08 0.41 7.1
25 2.32 0.5 15.1
Unburned methane emission for machinery equipment:
LNGC machinery GHG emissions
Calculations of GHG emissions for following conditions:• TIER III operation • ISO conditions• BSFC and BSGC are without tolerances• Main fuel (LNG) and pilot fuel (MDO)• Global Warming Potential according to the IPCC report ‘Climate Change 2014: GWP100=28
IMSF Athens 2019
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
70
120
170
220
270
320
25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100
V s
hip
[k
n]
GH
G e
mis
sio
n [
t/d
ay]
Engine load [%]
Concept 2 x 5X72DF engine Concept 2 x 5G70ME-C-GI engine Approx. vessel speed
What about non-GHG emissions?Toxic emission components with different engine technologies
NOX and Particulate Matter (PM) are a serious hazard
to human health and can be most effectively reduced
with X-DF propulsion!
Extract from the latest WHO report, 02.05.2018:
“In 2016, 91% of the world population was living in places
where the WHO air quality guidelines levels were not met.
Ambient (outdoor air pollution) in both cities and rural areas
was estimated to cause 4.2 million premature deaths
worldwide in 2016.”
http://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-
sheets/detail/ambient-(outdoor)-air-quality-and-health
IMSF Athens 2019
Summary: Emissions of X-DF enginesX-DF provides the lowest overall emission footprint
• Third IMO GHG study 2014:
• Shipping contribution to global emissions:
• 2.8% of GHG emissions
• 15% of NOx emissions
• 13% of SOx emissions
• X-DF engines significantly reduce emissions with toxic effect on human health (NOX, SOX, PM) to lowest level in the industry
• GHG emissions are reduced compared to conventional diesel engines
• Methane emissions of the X-DF have insignificant impact on the global GHG emissions
IMSF Athens 2019
• X-DF engines provide the most environmentally sustainable total emission footprint currently available