www.undp.org.mx/desarrollohumano www.undp.org.mx/desarrollohumano Migration, Migration, Poverty and Poverty and Human Human Development Development Luis F. Lopez-Calva Luis F. Lopez-Calva UNDP, Latin America and the Caribbean UNDP, Latin America and the Caribbean
25
Embed
Www.undp.org.mx/desarrollohumano Migration, Poverty and Human Development Luis F. Lopez-Calva UNDP, Latin America and the Caribbean.
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
The migration decision reveals the evaluation of cost-benefit individuals make to several dimensions like economic welfare, cultural change, family welfare, social and community rights.
However, the migration decision involves imperfect information and idiosyncratic conditions that affect the final decision.
Practically all migrants crossing without documents need “help” from a coyote (pollero).
The average cost of a coyote in 2003 was US$1,600.
The relationship between the demand for coyotes and their cost is controversial though it has been found that elasticity is low. This suggests that coyote price could be a second order parameter.
This argument supports the hypothesis that policies of border tightening do not have the expected effect in the reduction of migratory flows
• Historically, migrants have, on average, higher levels of education than those non-migrants in their communities, though lower than in the receiving places in the United States
• The above is especially true for women, a population group where migrants have a schooling differential higher than in the case of men with respect to those non-migrants within their own communities
• Migration tends to reduce inequality in levels of education, at least in the short-run
• Remittances promote greater investment in primary and secondary education for the sons of migrant families, with a favorable bias for girls; and
• Migration discourages investment in middle-high and high levels of education (individuals of 16 to 18 years of age) in communities with a migrant tradition.
Income and Remittances The states receiving more income from remittances as a share of its GDP are Michoacan and Zacatecas, followed by Oaxaca and Guerrero