Www.juniorscience.ie Genetics. 1B5 Genetics inheritable and non-inheritable characteristics, chromosomes and genes.

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Genetics


1B5 Genetics

inheritable and non-inheritable characteristics,chromosomes

and genes


1B5 Genetics

OB35understand that humans have inheritable and non-inheritable characteristics, and that inheritable characteristics are controlled by genesOB36recall that genes are located on chromosomes and that in a human there are 23 pairs of chromosomes, which are located in the nucleusOB37recall that chromosomes are made of DNAand protein


OB35understand that humans have inheritable and non-inheritable characteristics

some characteristics are passed on from parents to children – these are called inheritable…

other characteristics are independent of parentage – these are called non-inheritable…

these characteristics may in turn be passed on to the following generation(s)…

these characteristics will not be passed on to the following generation(s)…



Inheritable characteristics are received from parents…

father mother



Check out some of your own inheritable characteristics…

Arm fold preference “Hitchhiker’s thumb” Pinkie finger alignment Ear lobe attachment



Check out your own…Arm fold preference: fold your

arms - ?Do you fold right-over-left or left-over-right?



Check out your own“Hitchhiker’s thumb”: extend your thumb –

? Is it straight or curved?



Check out your own … Pinkie fingers: place them side by side –

? Are they straight or curved away from each other?



Check out own … Ear lobes: look at your ear in a mirror –

? Is it directly attached or separated ?



Other inheritable characteristics include:

If you are connected to the internet, some of the images will link you to a source of information

eye colour freckles

blood type

haemophilia

cystic fibrosis

http://www.ibts.ie/

http://www.haemophilia-society.ie/

http://www.cfireland.ie/



Some non-inheritable characteristics: Athletic ability Artistic ability Accent


For each inheritable characteristic, a human has two genes – one passed on by the father’s sperm cell, the other by the mother’s egg cell

OB35understand that inheritable characteristics are controlled by genes

one gene for eye colour

one gene for eye colour

two genes for

eye colour


OB36recall that genes are located on chromosomes which are located in the nucleus


OB36recall that genes are located on chromosomes which are located in the nucleus

image from http://regentsprep.org/Regents/biology/units/heredity/dna.cfm

http://regentsprep.org/Regents/biology/units/heredity/dna.cfm


OB36recall that in a human there are 23 pairs of chromosomes, which are located in the nucleus

©news.bbc.co.uk


OB37recall that chromosomes are made of DNA and protein

• DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid• it is a molecule built in a particular code• the code contains instructions for every

structure and function the body will ever need

• the DNA code for each separate structure or function is called a gene

• this makes it a very very long molecule…so how does it fit into a very tiny nucleus?


© 2005 Chugoku Rosai Hospital


• the long DNA molecule is so twisted and coiled so that it takes up tiny little space…

• each twisted coil of DNA, containing many genes, makes one chromosome…

• small molecules of protein help keep the chromosome in shape



• the code in DNA is different in every human being…(except for ?????)

• Each individual’s unique code is called their DNA fingerprint

• because of this, DNA is used in• crime scene investigation• parental disputes



• the code in DNA is different in every human being…except for ?????

IDENTICAL TWINScan you explain why


How small is DNA?If you are connected to the internet, click on the image below to get an idea


http://www.schoolscience.co.uk/flash/dna.htm


Genetics

OB35understand that humans have inheritable and non-inheritable characteristics, and that inheritable characteristics are controlled by genesOB36recall that genes are located on chromosomes and that in a human there are 23 pairs of chromosomes, which are located in the nucleusOB37recall that chromosomes are made of DNAand protein

Www.juniorscience.ie Genetics. 1B5 Genetics inheritable and non-inheritable characteristics, chromosomes and genes.

Documents

1b5 genetics inheritable

nucleus slide

protein slide

eye colour slide

genes ob36

1b5 genetics ob35

parents father mother

mothers egg cell ob35