www.hnei.hawaii.edu A Green Plastic Formed Directly A Green Plastic Formed Directly from Carbon Dioxide and Sunlight from Carbon Dioxide and Sunlight Jian Yu School of Ocean & Earth Science & Technology University of Hawaii at Manoa Hawaii, USA Presented at Biopolymers & Bioplastics 2015 San Francisco
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www.hnei.hawaii.edu
A Green Plastic Formed Directly from A Green Plastic Formed Directly from Carbon Dioxide and Sunlight Carbon Dioxide and Sunlight
Jian Yu
School of Ocean & Earth Science & Technology
University of Hawaii at Manoa
Hawaii, USA
Presented at Biopolymers & Bioplastics 2015
San Francisco
http://www.hnei.hawaii.edu
Conventional bioplastics from biomass Conventional bioplastics from biomass
• Land farming to produce renewable feedstock
• Producing bioplastics from starch, sugar and oil
• Low energy efficiency of plants (<1% solar radiation )
Photosynthetic COPhotosynthetic CO22 fixation in plant fixation in plant cell cell
http://www.hnei.hawaii.edu
Our conclusions:•Light capture and CO2 fixation should be decoupled•The light capture is replaced by artificial device for more efficient use of solar energy
CO2 + H2O + hv CH2O + O2
Artificial photosynthetic systemArtificial photosynthetic system
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CO2 + H2O + hv CH2O (biopolymers)
H2O
O2H2
+
-
e
eCO2
Electrolyzer Fermenter
PV assembly
hv
O2
H2
HH22 from Intermittent solar energy from Intermittent solar energy
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Anode: 2H2O (l) O2 (g) + 4H+(aq) + 4e
Cathode: 4H+(aq) + 4e 2H2 (g)
Overall: 2H2O(l) O2(g) + 2H2 (g)
COCO22 fixation by a chemautotrophic fixation by a chemautotrophic bacterium bacterium
*Based on percentage of peak areas in GCMS chromatograms
100% H3PO4230 oC
Gasoline-grade Biofuel from PHBGasoline-grade Biofuel from PHB
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Fuels Gasolinea Light-oil Heavy-oil Biodiesel b
BP (oC) 40-240 40-240 240-310 182-338
C (wt%) 80.40 81.37 79.38 76.96
H (wt%) 12.30 11.30 9.67 11.85
N (wt%) 0.15 0.14 0.23 -
O (wt%)c 6.35 7.19 10.72 9.41
HHV (MJ/kg) 41.8 41.4 38.4 39.7
a Commercial gasoline with ethanol, light-oil and heavy-oil analyzed by Hazen Research Inc b Properties of biodiesel from referencesc Roundup to 100 wt%
PHB (C4H6O2)240 oC, H+
CO2
Oil(C6-C16)
Light oil (77 wt%, 40-240 oC)
Heavy oil (23 wt%, 240-310 oC)
Closing remark: reducing the costClosing remark: reducing the cost