Www.ccohs.ca Management and Evaluation of Health and Safety in Workplaces.

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Management and Evaluation of Health and

Safety in Workplaces

Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety www.ccohs.ca

Overview

What are the characteristics of an effective health and safety system?

We are gradually answering this question by various types of research:• Studies of excellent enterprises• Studies of safety initiatives by governments• Intervention research in workplaces• Policy research


Overview (continued)

The AnswerThe best safety results are obtained from programs that are:• Applied systematically and consistently• Planned and documented • Comprehensive – all required components.

– Enterprise level – inspection, evaluation, hazard control, prevention, training, etc

• Managed and resourced


Overview (continued)

Components of effective health and safety programs are codified in:• International instruments• National legislation• Standards (national and international)• Codes of practice (national and international)

These components can also be used to develop audit tools to evaluate health and safety programs


Objectives

Describe standards used in Canada and internationally for the management of health and safety in workplacesShow how these standards may be useful to help evaluate and document health and safety programs in the demonstration sites in ChongqingDiscuss the relationship of good health and safety to good management


Health and Safety Programs

A program is a systematic approach to manage health and safety activities in a workplaceThe importance of a program:• Compliance – meet legal requirements• Demonstrate due diligence• Avoid accidents, losses and delays• Improve quality• Meet customer expectations• Support workplace health and wellness


Health and Safety Programs

A health and safety program succeeds by being integrated into the overall management functions of the enterprise.

Good health and safety is good management.


The Elements of Health and Safety Programs

Recommended components of health and safety programs are provided by international and national instruments:• ILO standards• ISO standards• National programs


Health and Safety Management Standards

ILO-OHS 2001OHSAS 18001:1999 and 2007 (BSI) CSA Z1000 ANSI-AIHA Z10and others…


Accreditation/Recognition Programs

Accreditation for Ontario WorkplacesA standard for health and safety programs in Ontario

Certificate of Recognition (COR)A standard used in several Canadian provinces

• Companies are audited to see if their programs meet the standards

• If meet standard, companies receive various incentives and rebates


The Elements of a Good Health and Safety Program

Examine the specific OHS program elements in the context of standards such as the Canadian standard CSA Z1000…


Employer Leadership and Commitment

Much research shows that employer leadership and commitment are necessary prerequisites for a successful plan.The employer must:•Demonstrate commitment to good

health and safety results•Show personal leadership• Invest adequate resources and time•Make health and safety part of

management goals•Plan for continual improvement


Plan, Do, Check, Act Plan

Identify legislative requirementsIdentify applicable industry standards Identify health and safety priorities Identify deficiencies and opportunities for improvement in the OHSMSDevelop health and safety policies Establish objectives and targets that are appropriate to the organization


Plan, Do Check, Act

Do

Implementation and documentationDevelop an implementation plan that includes:• Resources• Responsibilities• Targets and timeframes for completion• Measurement of progress


Plan, Do, Check, Act Do

Include:Hazard identification and evaluationPrevention and protection prioritiesEmergency plansTrainingCommunicationProcurement ContractingDocumentation


Plan, Do, Check, Act Check

Evaluate the effectiveness of the program:Are the goals and objectives of the program being achieved? Have control measures been implemented and been effective? Have losses and occurrences been addressed, including accidents, incidents, illnesses and near misses?


Plan, Do, Check, Act

Check

Evaluate the effectiveness of the program

Are training programs for employees effective? Are communication programs effective? Is information for the continual improvement of the program being produced, reviewed and used?


Plan, Do, Check, Act Act

Regular management review: Progress to achieve policy goals Effectiveness in preventing workplace injuries, illness and incidents Any deficiencies identified in inspections and audits Effectiveness and completion of action items from previous reviews


OSH Program Elements

The following pages show the main elements found to be required in an effective health and safety program.



Policy Statement

Statement of management commitmentGeneral objectives and philosophyGeneral responsibilities



Individual Responsibilities

Assign responsibilities for OHS• Employer is accountable• Managers and supervisors must know

responsibilities • Workers have responsibilities

Document individual responsibilities



Health and Safety Committee

Establish committees in work areasEncourage worker participationIdentify objectives, responsibilities, proceduresTrain members of committee• For example, “Certified Members” in Ontario

Document recommendations and actions



Correct Work Procedures

Specific rules for each task and process in the workplaceBased on job safety analysis of each task and processIncorporate preventive measures specific to health and safety concernsMaintain a process to identify and assess hazards and risks on an ongoing basis, set objectives and targets



New Employee Orientation

A high priority for OHS regulators in Canada• Proven ability to reduce injuries in new

workersProgram should train new workers on health and safety rights and responsibilities, specific hazards, procedures, etc.



Training

Training required at the time of:• Commencement of employment • Reassignment or transfer to a new job • Introduction of new equipment, processes, or

procedures • Accident• Inadequate performance



Workplace Inspections

Identify existing or new hazards and recommend appropriate corrective actionLegislation may require• Certain frequency of inspections• Annual reports to labour agency


OSH Program Elements Report and Investigate Accidents

Report serious accidents to authorities• May be official investigation and charges• Link to compensation to injured worker

Accidents are investigated to uncover causes and prevent similar incidents in future (reactive)Establish and maintain procedures for reporting and investigationReview effectiveness of the preventive and corrective actions and modify if necessary



Emergency Procedures

Develop plans to deal with emergencies such as fires, explosions, chemical releases, floods, and earthquakesDevelop procedures and responsibilities• Good communication is essential

Provide trainingPerform tests of proceduresDo detailed review after any incident



Medical Aid and First Aid Program

Medical and first aid facilities required in legislationTraining and qualifications of attendantsProcedures for transporting injured employees to outside medical facilitiesRecord keeping• Etc.



Workplace Specific Hazards

Identification and Assessment of Hazards Safety• Falls from heights• Slips and trips• Injuries from machinery, tools, lifts, cranes, etc• Motor vehicle injuries• Electricity• Etc

Chemicals – fire, explosion, toxicityErgonomics – musculoskeletal disordersPhysical agents – noise, vibration, electromagnetic radiation, heat, coldBiological agents




Prevention Programs Safety• Lock-out procedures• Confined space procedures• Excavation safety• Procedures for work at heights• Safe work with lifts and cranes• Vehicle safety• Preventive maintenance• Engineering and purchasing standards• Etc




Prevention Programs (Continued) Chemicals• Ventilation • Shields and enclosures• Personal protection equipment (PPE)• Purchasing procedures – substitution, modification• Fire prevention• Preventive maintenance• Procedures for spills and leaks




Prevention Programs (Continued) Ergonomics• Control pace of work• Reduce forceful motions• Material handling procedures• Training and adjustments

Physical agents• Shields and barriers• Work scheduling

Biological agents• Isolation procedures• Protective equipment


Conclusion

Key elements of effective health and safety programs are found in international instrumentsManagement commitment is essential• Visible leadership and monitoring

Good management processes are also essentialFocus on practical resultsKnowledge is the most important resource

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Www.ccohs.ca Management and Evaluation of Health and Safety in Workplaces.

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safety programs

occupational health

management of health

components of health

safety activities

safety system

evaluation of health

elements of health