WWII was fought on multiple fronts.. Multiple Front war A multiple front war divided the U.S. war efforts and fighting forces. The forces of the U.S.

WWII was fought on multiple WWII was fought on multiple fronts.fronts.

Multiple Front warMultiple Front war

A multiple front war divided the A multiple front war divided the U.S. war efforts and fighting U.S. war efforts and fighting forces. The forces of the U.S. forces. The forces of the U.S. were divided between confronting were divided between confronting Germany and Italy in North Africa Germany and Italy in North Africa and Europe and confronting and Europe and confronting Japan in the Pacific. Japan in the Pacific.

Multiple Front WarMultiple Front War

A multiple front war created a huge A multiple front war created a huge demand for wartime supplies and demand for wartime supplies and resources. The demand for men and resources. The demand for men and supplies on all fronts challenged the supplies on all fronts challenged the resources of the United States and made resources of the United States and made the U.S. the major supplier for all the Allied the U.S. the major supplier for all the Allied Powers. Powers.

Strategic ObjectiveStrategic Objective

                1. 1. Hitler first: Churchill & Hitler first: Churchill & FDR wanted to concentrate on FDR wanted to concentrate on defeating Germany before defeating Germany before giving Japan higher priority. giving Japan higher priority.

Axis Powers & LeadersAxis Powers & Leaders

Axis Powers Axis Powers - Germany, Italy, - Germany, Italy, Japan. Japan. Axis Leaders: Axis Leaders:

• • Adolf Hitler - Adolf Hitler - Fascist dictator of Fascist dictator of Germany. Germany.

• • Benito Mussolini Benito Mussolini - Fascist - Fascist dictator of Italy. dictator of Italy.

• • Hirohito Hirohito - Emperor of Japan. - Emperor of Japan.

Allied Powers & LeadersAllied Powers & Leaders

Allied Powers Allied Powers - Great Britain, France, the - Great Britain, France, the U.S.S.R, and the United States [after 1941]. U.S.S.R, and the United States [after 1941]. Allied Leaders: Allied Leaders:

• • Winston Churchill - Winston Churchill - Prime Minister of Great Prime Minister of Great Britain. Britain.

• • Josef Stalin - Communist dictator of the Josef Stalin - Communist dictator of the U.S.S.R. U.S.S.R.

• • Franklin D. Roosevelt - Franklin D. Roosevelt - President of the President of the United States, President Harry Truman after United States, President Harry Truman after Roosevelt’s death in 1945 Roosevelt’s death in 1945

Advantages to the Allied Advantages to the Allied Powers with the United States Powers with the United States

involved in the warinvolved in the war 1. The capacity for war production of the 1. The capacity for war production of the

United States provided a significant United States provided a significant advantage. advantage.

2. Fresh troops could be obtained from the 2. Fresh troops could be obtained from the United States. The Allied countries were United States. The Allied countries were tired because they had been fighting tired because they had been fighting somewhere in Europe since 1939. somewhere in Europe since 1939.

Allied Turning Points in the War Allied Turning Points in the War

Battle of Stalingrad Battle of Stalingrad (Sept. (Sept. 1942) 1942)

    First major German defeat on First major German defeat on land.land.

D-Day June 6, 1944D-Day June 6, 1944 D-DayD-Day (June 6, 1944): (June 6, 1944): Invasion ofInvasion of NormandyNormandy -- --

"Operation Overlord""Operation Overlord" a. a. Perhaps war’s most important battlePerhaps war’s most important battle

            b. Commanded by             b. Commanded by General Dwight D. General Dwight D. EisenhowerEisenhower             c. 120,000 troops left England and             c. 120,000 troops left England and stormed 5 beachheads at Normandy Coast. stormed 5 beachheads at Normandy Coast.                 i. 800,000 more men within 3 weeks;                 i. 800,000 more men within 3 weeks; 3 million total 3 million total

Signaled the beginning of the liberation of Signaled the beginning of the liberation of EuropeEurope

Liberation of EuropeLiberation of Europe

Invasion of GermanyInvasion of Germany             a. Pre-invasion bombing             a. Pre-invasion bombing                 i. Hamburg all but wiped out in                 i. Hamburg all but wiped out in summer 1943 summer 1943                 ii. Berlin and other major cities                 ii. Berlin and other major cities and targets hit repeatedly and targets hit repeatedly

especially factories and oil refineries. especially factories and oil refineries.

Europe surrenders May 8, 1945Europe surrenders May 8, 1945

The Pacific FrontThe Pacific Front

Battle of Midway Battle of Midway (June 4-7, 1942) – (June 4-7, 1942) – turning point in the Pacificturning point in the Pacific warwar         Japan never won another battle         Japan never won another battle in the Pacific after the defeat at in the Pacific after the defeat at Midway.Midway.

                      The US began Island Hopping The US began Island Hopping towards the Japanese mainlandtowards the Japanese mainland

Island HoppingIsland Hopping

Island HoppingIsland Hopping military military strategy began in 1943 and strategy began in 1943 and involved the US forces attacking involved the US forces attacking islands randomly as they made islands randomly as they made their way towards Japan. their way towards Japan. Allowed us to break through Allowed us to break through Japanese defenses and get Japanese defenses and get closer to Japancloser to Japan

Island HoppingIsland Hopping

The bombing of JapanThe bombing of Japan

. Bombing of Japan resulted in destruction . Bombing of Japan resulted in destruction of most major cities of most major cities             -- March 1945, 100,000 die in a             -- March 1945, 100,000 die in a single Tokyo raid; 60% of buildings single Tokyo raid; 60% of buildings destroyed. destroyed.

At this point it did not look like the At this point it did not look like the Japanese would surrender any time Japanese would surrender any time soonsoon

Death of FDRDeath of FDR

Election of 1944 and death of FDRElection of 1944 and death of FDR     A. FDR, with running-mate Harry S.     A. FDR, with running-mate Harry S. Truman, defeated Republican Thomas Truman, defeated Republican Thomas Dewey. Dewey.         --         -- FDR elected to an unprecedented FDR elected to an unprecedented fourth term in officefourth term in office. .     B. April 12, 1945 -- FDR died at Warm     B. April 12, 1945 -- FDR died at Warm Springs, GA Springs, GA     C. Vice President     C. Vice President Harry Truman Harry Truman become president become president

Truman becomes PresidentTruman becomes President

The Manhattan ProjectThe Manhattan Project

Super Super Secret Secret project to project to create the create the atomic atomic bombbomb

The Manhattan projectThe Manhattan project

The explosionThe explosion

The Atomic bombThe Atomic bomb

August 6, 1945 -- First atomic bomb August 6, 1945 -- First atomic bomb ("Little Boy") dropped on ("Little Boy") dropped on HiroshimaHiroshima         1. 80,000 killed immediately; 100,000         1. 80,000 killed immediately; 100,000 injured injured             -- Countless die later of radiation             -- Countless die later of radiation sickness or cancer sickness or cancer         2. Bomb dropped by the         2. Bomb dropped by the Enola GayEnola Gay         3. Japanese gov’t still did not         3. Japanese gov’t still did not surrender surrender

V-J DayV-J Day

August 9, 2nd bomb ("Fat Man") dropped August 9, 2nd bomb ("Fat Man") dropped on Nagasaki; 60,000 deadon Nagasaki; 60,000 dead

        F. August 14, Japan surrendered F. August 14, Japan surrendered         1. World War II is over.         1. World War II is over.         2. Sept 2, Japanese formally         2. Sept 2, Japanese formally surrendered aboard U.S.S. surrendered aboard U.S.S. MissouriMissouri in in

Tokyo Bay. Tokyo Bay.

Decision to drop the Atomic BombDecision to drop the Atomic Bomb

The decision to drop the atomic bomb The decision to drop the atomic bomb became controversial in later few decades. became controversial in later few decades.

        1.         1. Most compelling reason for Most compelling reason for dropping the bomb was that it saveddropping the bomb was that it saved

countless U.S. lives who would have had to countless U.S. lives who would have had to invade Japaninvade Japan. .

Hiroshima after the bombHiroshima after the bomb

The aftermath of the Atomic bombThe aftermath of the Atomic bomb

Japan surrendersJapan surrenders

Japan surrendersJapan surrenders

Important American Military Important American Military LeadersLeaders

Omar BradleyOmar Bradley Omar Omar Nelson Bradley, Nelson Bradley, (1893-1981), (1893-1981), American general, American general, who during World who during World War II commanded War II commanded the U. S. 12th Army the U. S. 12th Army Group in Europe. Group in Europe.

Took part in the Took part in the invasion of Normandy invasion of Normandy – D-Day– D-Day

Dwight D. EisenhowerDwight D. Eisenhower

Dwight D. Eisenhower 1890-1969 Dwight D. Eisenhower 1890-1969 American general and 34th American general and 34th

President of the United States was President of the United States was the principal architect of the the principal architect of the successful Allied invasion of successful Allied invasion of Europe during World War II and of Europe during World War II and of the subsequent defeat of Nazi the subsequent defeat of Nazi Germany. Germany.

He led the assault on the French He led the assault on the French coast at Normandy, on June 6, coast at Normandy, on June 6, 1944, and held together the Allied 1944, and held together the Allied units through the European units through the European campaign that followed.campaign that followed.

Douglas MacArthur Douglas MacArthur 1880 – 19641880 – 1964 During World War II, MacArthur During World War II, MacArthur

fought in Southeast Asia against fought in Southeast Asia against Japan. After the defeat of his forces Japan. After the defeat of his forces in the Philippines, he made his in the Philippines, he made his famous statement to the troops who famous statement to the troops who were left behind: “I shall return.” were left behind: “I shall return.”

He became Supreme Commander of He became Supreme Commander of the Allied Forces in the Southwest the Allied Forces in the Southwest Pacific and took command of Pacific and took command of Australian, American, Dutch, and Australian, American, Dutch, and other Allied forces defending other Allied forces defending Australia, fighting mainly in and Australia, fighting mainly in and around New Guinea. around New Guinea.

George Patton George Patton 1885-1945 1885-1945

During World War II he During World War II he served in North Africa and served in North Africa and Sicily before becoming the Sicily before becoming the commander of the Third commander of the Third Army. Army.

Patton distinguished himself Patton distinguished himself in various World War II in various World War II campaigns including the campaigns including the invasion of North Africa and invasion of North Africa and the capture of Sicily. the capture of Sicily.

Chester A. Nimitz Chester A. Nimitz 1885-19661885-1966

In December 1941, however, he was In December 1941, however, he was designated as Commander in Chief, designated as Commander in Chief, Pacific Fleet and Pacific Ocean Areas, Pacific Fleet and Pacific Ocean Areas, where he served throughout the war. where he served throughout the war.

On December 19, 1944, he was On December 19, 1944, he was advanced to the newly created rank of advanced to the newly created rank of Fleet Admiral. Fleet Admiral.

He commanded American forces during He commanded American forces during their long advance across the Pacific to their long advance across the Pacific to full victory in August 1945. full victory in August 1945.