WWII in the Pacific. Vocab 1.Lend-Lease Act – US Congressional Act allowing FDR sell or lend war materials to “any country whose defense the President.

WWII in the Pacific

Vocab 1. Lend-Lease Act – US Congressional Act

allowing FDR sell or lend war materials to “any country whose defense the President deems vital to the defense of the United States” (March 1941)

2. Aircraft Carrier – navy ships that transport airplanes and are large enough to allow the take-off and landing of airplanes

3. Kamikazes – Japanese pilots who committed suicide by crashing their explosives filled airplanes into American warships.

Page 12 (title: WWII in the Pacific) – What creates the tensions between Japan

and the US? – Pearl Harbor notes

Page 13 (Title: Japan continues expansion) – Summarize how Japan expands

throughout the Pacific

The Rising Sun of the East: Japan In June of 1937, Japan sparks a war

with China.

– China puts its Civil War (Nationalists v. the Communists) on hold and turns to fight the invaders.• When Japan took China’s capital of

Nanking the Japanese soldiers went on a killing spree and raped thousands of women and girls.

Read “Rape of Nanking”

Before the invasion of China:

Allies

Tension between Friends: the US and Japan

Japan received the following from the US:– 66% of Oil– 100% of Aviation Fuel– 90% of scrap metal– 91% of copper.

The US worried that Japan would conquer all of China and was upset by reports of civilian deaths at Nanking. – The US has economic interests in

China that are being threatened by the Japanese invasions.

US stated that Japan must withdraw from China or risk war with the US.

Japan’s Gamble: Pearl Harbor

Japan was unwilling to give up land that it had conquered in the past 4 years, decides to level the negotiation table by attacking the US first.– Most US experts believed that the attack

would be centered at the Philippines (the US is NOT concerned).•Japan sent 60 ships, including 6

aircraft carriers, and 360 airplanes, 3,000 miles to attack Pearl Harbor, Hawaii.

“A day that will live in infamy” Early December 7th 1941

– surprise Japanese attack struck the US Pacific Fleet anchored in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii.

Two waves of Japanese planes– Sunk/damaged 18 ships (including 8 battleships)– 188 airplanes– killed 2,400 sailors– wounded over 1,100

Luckily the aircraft carriers were out on maneuvers and were not hit.– Roosevelt then asks Congress to

declare war on the Axis powers.

Japan conquers Asia and the Pacific

From the US they take:– Guam, Wake Island, Philippines Islands

From the British they take:– Hong Kong, Malaya, Singapore, Burma

From the Dutch they take:– The oil rich Indonesian Islands

By May (1942) Japan had conquered over 1 million square miles and had control of 150 million people.

Japan tired to tell those they conquered that they were making “Asia for the Asians.” – Few believed them with their harsh

treatment of fellow Asians. • This is what Hitler was telling the Germans

Internment Camps

February 1942– FDR signed an order that forced all Japanese-

American citizens to go to internment camps until the “threat” was gone

-Fear of Japanese

Americans in the US

OR

-Making fun of the lies the

government is telling the citizens?

Fill in the Pacific Map

Bombing of Pearl Harbor – Japanese launched surprise attack – US declared war on Japan

Doolittle’s Raid on Japan – US sent 16 B-25 bombers to bomb Japanese cities – Showed that Japan could be attack and raised US morale

Battle of Coral Sea – Japanese and US/foreign Naval Fleets fight to a tie– Introduced new kind of warfare using airplanes

Battle of Midway – US carrier planes defeated Japanese fleet poised to attack Midway

Island, a key American airfield – Reversed the tide of the war-Japanese started to lose

Battle of Iwo Jima– Key location in Island Hopping. Iwo Jima and Okinawa would be next

steps to get to Japan. Many casualties. – US was able to get closer to main part of Japan and hold on to their key

sites. Describe what happened at Hiroshima and Nagasaki

– US dropped 2 atomic bombs– Japanese surrendered

Vocab1. Bataan Death March – May 1942, Japanese soldiers

forced Filipino (and American) soldiers to march 65 miles. The march killed many of those forced to endure it.

2. Douglas MacArthur – Commander of the Allied Forces in the Pacific and creator of island-hopping

3. Island-Hopping – skipping heavily fortified Pacific islands held by the Japanese and attacking the weaker ones behind them which forced the Japanese to retreat. 1st bomb the surface of the island to smithereens, 2nd land marines on the island to take it by combat, 3rd build an airfield so planes can bomb the next target.

Bataan Death March

http://www.pbs.org/thewar/detail_5336.htm

Iwo Jima was used to support the bombing of Japanese cities, and as a staging area for hopping to the next island, Okinawa.

Okinawa was going to be the stepping stone into Japan…but the atomic bombings forced a surrender before the invasion began.

Invasion or the Bomb? May 8th, 1945 V-E Day (Victory in

Europe)

By mid-1945, most of the Japanese navy & air force destroyed.– BUT—Japanese still had 2 million

soldiers.• 1944—More Japanese men become

kamikaze or suicide pilots.

– The Japanese would fight to the death!

Iwo Jima & Okinawa – Critical bases– bombers could now reach

Japan

Concerns:– This could be a long

series of battles– The Japanese might never

surrender– Taking Japan would cost

200,000-1 million US lives and ½ million British lives

Option #1: Invasion

Option #2: Manhattan

Project

1939—Albert Einstein writes a letter to FDR warning him that Germany might create an atomic bomb.

US starts Manhattan Project– Headed by J. Robert

Oppenheimer

• In Los Alamos, NM

– First test bomb detonated July 1945 near Alamogordo, NM

• Shattered windows 125 miles away.

Decision to use the Atomic Bomb

President Harry S. Truman orders the use of the Atom Bomb to force Japan to surrender.

– He argues it will save the lives of American soldiers.

– He warns Japan to surrender or face “utter and complete destruction.”

• Japan ignores the Potsdam Declaration warning

Hiroshima August 6, 1945

– US dropped Little Boy over Hiroshima

– an enriched uranium bomb code-named “Little Boy”

Japan refused to surrender—they thought the US only had 1 bomb!

Nagasaki Three days later, “Fat Man”, a plutonium bomb,

was dropped on Nagasaki

Approximately 200,000-300,000 died from the blasts– Many more would die or suffer from radiation poisoning

More bombs were ready if needed– Japan finally surrendered on August 15th

The War is OVER!!! Japan officially, unconditionally

surrenders on September 2, 1945. WWII is over.

Japan after the War

2 million lives had been lost!

Many of the major cities were destroyed

Allies had taken all of Japan’s colonies

US occupation of Japan

Japan’s emperor has to step down and they have to create a democracy – They are forced to create a constitution that

looks like the US – Japan is only allowed to use a small military

(provided by the US)

After WWII

Read: “Making Peace after WWII”

Want some extra credit? Write down these directions!

1. Go to www. http://www.pbs.org/thewar/

2. Browse through the pics and videos

3. Choose 10-15 pics and videos to read about, watch, etc. Save each one by clicking “add to favorites”

4. Once you are done, click the “Share my favorites” button and follow the on-screen directions to e-mail the collection to a friend. 

5. Add a one paragraph description of what you learned from this site.

6. Email to Mrs. Thomsen at [email protected]. Email it to me by Friday, April 19th for up to 30 points of Extra Credit! – Don’t forget to include your full name and period!

Peace with Japan

1. Who/What occupied Japan after its surrender? When did this occupation end?2. List 3 ways the new constitution changed Japan.3. What happened to Japanese war leaders and government officials?

Peace with Germany

4. What leaders attended the Yalta Conference and what countries did they represent?5. What happened to Germany as a result of the decisions of the Yalta Conference?6. What kind of governments would be created in the defeated countries?

Peace with other countries

7) List 3 terms of peace treaties between the Allies and other defended Axis countries.8) In your opinion, do you think the post-war punishment of Axis countries was fair? Explain.