WW1 WW2

WWI: 1914-1918WWI: 1914-1918Causes of the WarCauses of the War

Redivision of the world coloniesRedivision of the world coloniesCentral Powers vs. AlliesCentral Powers vs. Allies

War begins with the assassination of an War begins with the assassination of an Austrian PrinceAustrian Prince

The US enters WWIThe US enters WWI US remains neutral until 1917US remains neutral until 1917 Enters the war because:Enters the war because:

1.1. German Submarines were to sink ships German Submarines were to sink ships going to Englandgoing to England

2.2. German plot to make an alliance with German plot to make an alliance with MexicoMexico

3.3. German spies in AmericaGerman spies in America4.4. Lengthy warLengthy war5.5. February Revolution (Russia)February Revolution (Russia)

Trench WarfareTrench Warfare: a type of armed combat : a type of armed combat in which the opposing troops fight from in which the opposing troops fight from trenches that face each other; "instead of trenches that face each other; "instead of the war ending quickly, it became bogged the war ending quickly, it became bogged down in trench warfare" down in trench warfare"

Peace NegotiationsPeace Negotiations Wilson’s Fourteen Points:Wilson’s Fourteen Points:

1.1. Open peace covenantsOpen peace covenants2.2. Freedom of navigation on the seasFreedom of navigation on the seas3.3. Elimination of tariffsElimination of tariffs4.4. Reduction of armsReduction of arms5.5. Self-determination of all peoplesSelf-determination of all peoples6.6. Evacuation from Russia by GermanyEvacuation from Russia by Germany7.7. Restoration of BelgiumRestoration of Belgium8.8. German evacuation of FranceGerman evacuation of France9.9. New frontier in Northern ItalyNew frontier in Northern Italy10.10. New national states in Central EuropeNew national states in Central Europe11.11. Freedom for SerbiaFreedom for Serbia12.12. Self-determination for the Turkish EmpireSelf-determination for the Turkish Empire13.13. A free PolandA free Poland14.14. Formation of the League of NationsFormation of the League of Nations

Treaty of VersaillesTreaty of Versailles and the and the Washington ConferenceWashington Conference

June 28, 1919-Treaty of VersaillesJune 28, 1919-Treaty of Versailles US refuses to ratify the treaty and join the US refuses to ratify the treaty and join the

league of nationsleague of nations an international organization formed in 1920 to an international organization formed in 1920 to

promote cooperation and peace among nations; promote cooperation and peace among nations; dissolved in 1946 after the United Nations was formed dissolved in 1946 after the United Nations was formed

November 1921-Washington Conference: November 1921-Washington Conference: Defined the Great Powers relations in the Far Defined the Great Powers relations in the Far East and the Pacific regionEast and the Pacific region 11stst disarmament in history disarmament in history

Causes of the Great DepressionCauses of the Great DepressionSpeculation in the 1920s and the Stock Speculation in the 1920s and the Stock

Market: Market: many people bought stocks with loaned many people bought stocks with loaned money, stock market boom was based on money, stock market boom was based on borrowed money and false optimismborrowed money and false optimism

Short signed economic policies-Short signed economic policies-government government focused on business not wisefocused on business not wise investinginvesting

Unstable economy-Unstable economy-unequalunequal distribution ofdistribution of wealthwealth

Stock Market crash of 1929Stock Market crash of 1929

Roosevelt’s New DealRoosevelt’s New Deal

TheThe New Deal New Deal proposed by President Franklin proposed by President Franklin Roosevelt was a plan intended to bring Roosevelt was a plan intended to bring economic reliefeconomic relief, , recovery and reformrecovery and reform to the to the country, which was suffering from the effects of country, which was suffering from the effects of the Great Depression. The emphasis was on the Great Depression. The emphasis was on making government more responsive to the making government more responsive to the needs of the common peopleneeds of the common people. Using activist . Using activist government, the New Deal launched new government, the New Deal launched new programs programs providing jobs and reviving the providing jobs and reviving the economyeconomy. .

Causes of WWIICauses of WWII

Adolf Hitler and the NazisAdolf Hitler and the NazisArian RaceArian Race: : The Nazis, primarily applied The Nazis, primarily applied

the term to people of Northern European the term to people of Northern European racial background. Their aim was to avoid racial background. Their aim was to avoid what they considered the "worst of the what they considered the "worst of the German race" and to preserve the purity of German race" and to preserve the purity of European bloodEuropean blood. .

Band of BrothersBand of Brothers

Blitzkrieg: German for 'lightning war'. A Blitzkrieg: German for 'lightning war'. A military strategy used by the Germans at military strategy used by the Germans at the beginning of World War II to achieve the beginning of World War II to achieve victory through a series of quick victory through a series of quick offensivesoffensives, especially in Belgium, Holland , especially in Belgium, Holland and France. After an initial bombardment, and France. After an initial bombardment, armor and motorized infantry were armor and motorized infantry were mobilized rapidly to break the weakest mobilized rapidly to break the weakest parts of the enemy line. parts of the enemy line.

World War II began on Sept. 1, 1939, World War II began on Sept. 1, 1939, when Germany, without a declaration of when Germany, without a declaration of war, invaded Poland. war, invaded Poland.

December 7, 1941-Pearl Harbor December 7, 1941-Pearl Harbor Pearl Pearl HarborHarborUS enter WWIIUS enter WWII

HolocaustHolocaust the Nazis' systematic extermination of the Nazis' systematic extermination of

various groups they deemed undesirable various groups they deemed undesirable during World War II: primarily Jews, but during World War II: primarily Jews, but also Slavs, gypsies, mentally and also Slavs, gypsies, mentally and physically disabledphysically disabledApproximately 11 million were killedApproximately 11 million were killed

6 million Jews and 5 million non-Jews6 million Jews and 5 million non-JewsSchindler's listSchindler's list

Axis Powers: Germany, Italy, JapanAxis Powers: Germany, Italy, Japan Allies: Britain, the Soviet Union, the United States, France, China, Allies: Britain, the Soviet Union, the United States, France, China,

Canada and Australia Canada and Australia

European and Pacific ArenaEuropean and Pacific Arena

Battle of Stalingrad-1943: turning point of WWII(Soviets win) Battle of Stalingrad-1943: turning point of WWII(Soviets win) Enemy Enemy at the Gatesat the Gates

Battle of Midway-1942: the main force of the Japanese United Fleet Battle of Midway-1942: the main force of the Japanese United Fleet destroyed destroyed Letters from Letters from Iwo Jima/Flags of Our FathersIwo Jima/Flags of Our Fathers

May 8May 8thth, 1944-Germany surrenders, end of war in the European , 1944-Germany surrenders, end of war in the European ArenaArena

August 6 and 9, 1945-US bomb Hiroshima and NagasakiAugust 6 and 9, 1945-US bomb Hiroshima and Nagasaki August 14August 14thth, 1945- Japan surrenders, end of WWII, 1945- Japan surrenders, end of WWII

Consequences of the WarConsequences of the War

New balance of power between Russia New balance of power between Russia and the USand the US Cold War Cold War

Germany dividedGermany divided36 million killed36 million killedThe holocaustThe holocaustAtomic bombAtomic bomb

United Nations: established in 1945 at the United Nations: established in 1945 at the end of World War II by 51 countries end of World War II by 51 countries committed to preserving peace through committed to preserving peace through international cooperation and collective international cooperation and collective security. security.

WWI: 1914-1918WWI: 1914-1918 Trench WarfareTrench Warfare 1921-Washington Conference1921-Washington Conference 1919-Treaty of Versailles1919-Treaty of Versailles The Great Depression1929-1933The Great Depression1929-1933 Roosevelt’s “New Deal”Roosevelt’s “New Deal” WWII: 1939-1945WWII: 1939-1945 Aryan RaceAryan Race BlitzkriegBlitzkrieg Pearl HarborPearl Harbor Axis vs. AlliesAxis vs. Allies United NationsUnited Nations