W.W. II 1940 - 1945 German Control 1939 The 1940 Election n Republican front runners are: –Robert Taft of Ohio (son of the ex-president). –Thomas E.

W.W. IIW.W. IIW.W. IIW.W. II1940 - 19451940 - 1945

German Control 1939German Control 1939German Control 1939German Control 1939

The 1940 ElectionThe 1940 ElectionThe 1940 ElectionThe 1940 Election Republican front Republican front

runners are:runners are:–Robert Taft of Robert Taft of

Ohio (son of the Ohio (son of the ex-president).ex-president).

–Thomas E. Dewey Thomas E. Dewey of NY.of NY.

The Nomination goes to:The Nomination goes to:The Nomination goes to:The Nomination goes to:

Ex-Democrat Ex-Democrat Wendell Wilkie Wendell Wilkie of Indiana.of Indiana.

Liberal Wilkie Liberal Wilkie was called the was called the “rich-man’s “rich-man’s Roosevelt”Roosevelt”

Roosevelt Shatters the Roosevelt Shatters the PrecedentPrecedent

Roosevelt Shatters the Roosevelt Shatters the PrecedentPrecedent

FDR declares that FDR declares that although he yearns although he yearns for retirement - the for retirement - the crisis in Europe crisis in Europe requires his service.requires his service.

Wilkie agrees with FDR’s Wilkie agrees with FDR’s policies and so is not a major policies and so is not a major alternative.alternative.

FDR’s pledge to the FDR’s pledge to the MothersMothers

FDR’s pledge to the FDR’s pledge to the MothersMothers

Roosevelt makes a speech in Roosevelt makes a speech in which he declares:which he declares:

““your boys are not going to be your boys are not going to be sent into any foreign wars.”sent into any foreign wars.”

He had also pledged to balance He had also pledged to balance the budget.the budget.

Roosevelt Wins Another Roosevelt Wins Another LandslideLandslide

Roosevelt Wins Another Roosevelt Wins Another LandslideLandslide

The Electoral count The Electoral count was 449 to 82was 449 to 82

Not as great as in Not as great as in ‘32 and ‘36, but ‘32 and ‘36, but Congress still Congress still remains Democratic.remains Democratic.

FDR’s real opponent was FDR’s real opponent was Adolf Hitler.Adolf Hitler.

FDR’s real opponent was FDR’s real opponent was Adolf Hitler.Adolf Hitler.

The Lend-Lease LawThe Lend-Lease LawThe Lend-Lease LawThe Lend-Lease LawFDR decided to Lend and FDR decided to Lend and

Lease American equipment to Lease American equipment to Britain.Britain.

He likened it to giving a He likened it to giving a neighbor your garden hose to neighbor your garden hose to put out a fire.put out a fire.

Isolationist Isolationist Robert Taft Robert Taft likened it to likened it to chewing gum - chewing gum -

you don’t want it you don’t want it back.back.

Congress agrees with FDR’s Congress agrees with FDR’s pledge to make America the pledge to make America the “Arsenal of Democracy.”“Arsenal of Democracy.”

America makes an economic America makes an economic declaration of war - declaration of war - eventually totaling eventually totaling

$50 billion.$50 billion.

America makes an economic America makes an economic declaration of war - declaration of war - eventually totaling eventually totaling

$50 billion.$50 billion.

Hitler gets the message:Hitler gets the message:Hitler gets the message:Hitler gets the message:

May 21, 1941 - a German May 21, 1941 - a German submarine torpedoes the submarine torpedoes the Robin Robin MoorMoor a US merchant ship. a US merchant ship.

Hitler breaks the Molotov-Hitler breaks the Molotov-Ribbentrop PactRibbentrop Pact

Hitler breaks the Molotov-Hitler breaks the Molotov-Ribbentrop PactRibbentrop Pact

Hitler’s need for oil and quest Hitler’s need for oil and quest for for lebensraumlebensraum leads to a full leads to a full scale invasion of the USSR. scale invasion of the USSR.

On June 22, 1941 Hitler On June 22, 1941 Hitler launches Operation Barbarossa launches Operation Barbarossa - the crushing of Russia.- the crushing of Russia.

FDR sends aid to the FDR sends aid to the Soviets.Soviets.

FDR sends aid to the FDR sends aid to the Soviets.Soviets.

FDR sought to preserve Russia FDR sought to preserve Russia to fight Germany.to fight Germany.

We began a lend-lease We began a lend-lease program that would eventually program that would eventually top $11 billion.top $11 billion.

Hitler’s forces were Hitler’s forces were stopped at the gates stopped at the gates

of Moscow.of Moscow.

Hitler’s forces were Hitler’s forces were stopped at the gates stopped at the gates

of Moscow.of Moscow.

The Atlantic ConferenceThe Atlantic ConferenceThe Atlantic ConferenceThe Atlantic ConferenceFDR and Winston Churchill FDR and Winston Churchill

meet on a destroyer off meet on a destroyer off Placentia Bay, New Placentia Bay, New Foundland.Foundland.

They announce the eight-point They announce the eight-point Atlantic Charter.Atlantic Charter.

FDR and ChurchillFDR and ChurchillFDR and ChurchillFDR and Churchill

The Atlantic CharterThe Atlantic CharterThe Atlantic CharterThe Atlantic Charter

Called for Self-Determination, Called for Self-Determination, an end to Imperialisman end to Imperialism

Disarmament and the creation Disarmament and the creation of system of general security: of system of general security: (The United Nations)(The United Nations)

FDR decides to Convoy.FDR decides to Convoy.FDR decides to Convoy.FDR decides to Convoy.

The president used his The president used his powers as Commander-in-powers as Commander-in-Chief to order navy ships to Chief to order navy ships to convoy merchant ships as far convoy merchant ships as far a Iceland. a Iceland.

Hitler orders Hitler orders his ships to his ships to strike in “self-strike in “self-defense”defense”

The Shootin’ CommencesThe Shootin’ CommencesThe Shootin’ CommencesThe Shootin’ Commences

Sept. 1941 - The Sept. 1941 - The USS USS GreerGreer is fired is fired on - FDR orders to on - FDR orders to “shoot on sight”“shoot on sight”

Oct. 17, 1941 - The Oct. 17, 1941 - The Kearny Kearny lost 11 men.lost 11 men.

The Reuben JamesThe Reuben JamesThe Reuben JamesThe Reuben James

Oct 30, 1941 - Oct 30, 1941 - The The Reuben Reuben James - James - was was sunk - 100 sunk - 100 Americans Americans dead.dead.

The Sinking Of The Reuben JamesHave you heard of a ship called the good Reuben JamesManned by hard fighting men both of honor and fame?

She flew the Stars and Stripes of the land of the freeBut tonight she's in her grave at the bottom of the sea.

Tell me what were their names, tell me what were their names,Did you have a friend on the good Reuben James?

What were their names, tell me, what were their names?Did you have a friend on the good Reuben James

Congress votes to end the Congress votes to end the Neutrality Acts - merchants Neutrality Acts - merchants could arm and enter war zones.could arm and enter war zones.

The Bombing of Pearl The Bombing of Pearl HarborHarbor

The Bombing of Pearl The Bombing of Pearl HarborHarbor

1940 - US sets embargoes on 1940 - US sets embargoes on JapanJapan

1941 - Japanese assets in US 1941 - Japanese assets in US are frozen - all gasoline are frozen - all gasoline shipments end.shipments end.

Japan sets its sights on Japan sets its sights on Southeast Asian oil fields.Southeast Asian oil fields.

Nov - Dec 1941 -- US and Nov - Dec 1941 -- US and Japan negotiate a solution to Japan negotiate a solution to the pending crisis.the pending crisis.

The State Department insists The State Department insists that Japan quit China.that Japan quit China.

Pearl Harbor Bombed.Pearl Harbor Bombed.Pearl Harbor Bombed.Pearl Harbor Bombed.

US cracks Japanese secret code US cracks Japanese secret code and knows an attack is and knows an attack is imminent.imminent.

FDR believes the attack will be FDR believes the attack will be on the Philippines.on the Philippines.

December 7, 1941 - “a day December 7, 1941 - “a day that will live in infamy” - that will live in infamy” -

Japan attacks Pearl Harbor Japan attacks Pearl Harbor

December 7, 1941 - “a day December 7, 1941 - “a day that will live in infamy” - that will live in infamy” -

Japan attacks Pearl Harbor Japan attacks Pearl Harbor

Sunday morning 7:55 a.m. Sunday morning 7:55 a.m. Japanese bombers attack Pearl Japanese bombers attack Pearl HarborHarbor

19 US ships (6 battleships) and 19 US ships (6 battleships) and 150 planes are destroyed, 2403 150 planes are destroyed, 2403 US dead US dead

Pearl HarborPearl HarborPearl HarborPearl Harbor

Battleship RowBattleship RowBattleship RowBattleship Row

Japanese envoys are delayed Japanese envoys are delayed delivering message of war to delivering message of war to White House and come after White House and come after word has reached Washington word has reached Washington of the attack.of the attack.

12/8 - FDR appears before joint 12/8 - FDR appears before joint session of Congress, declares session of Congress, declares December 7 "a day that will live December 7 "a day that will live in infamy" - Congress votes to in infamy" - Congress votes to declare war on Japan. declare war on Japan.

WAR DECLAREDWAR DECLAREDWAR DECLAREDWAR DECLARED

The U.S. enters the WarThe U.S. enters the WarThe U.S. enters the WarThe U.S. enters the War

12/10 - Japanese forces invade 12/10 - Japanese forces invade the Philippines. the Philippines.

12/11 - Germany and Italy 12/11 - Germany and Italy declare war on US declare war on US

12/17 - Admiral Charles Nimitz 12/17 - Admiral Charles Nimitz given command of Pacific Fleet given command of Pacific Fleet - Admiral Husband Kimmel - Admiral Husband Kimmel (commander at Pearl Harbor) is (commander at Pearl Harbor) is relieved of duty. relieved of duty.

Sign ‘em up…………...Sign ‘em up…………...Sign ‘em up…………...Sign ‘em up…………...

FDR signs Draft ActFDR signs Draft Act

Japanese continue Japanese continue AggressionAggression

Japanese continue Japanese continue AggressionAggression

12/23 - Wake Island falls to 12/23 - Wake Island falls to Japanese Japanese

12/25 - Hong Kong falls to the 12/25 - Hong Kong falls to the JapaneseJapanese

19421942 19421942 In his State of the Union In his State of the Union

address FDR calls for address FDR calls for $52,000,000 for war.$52,000,000 for war.

Alien Alien registration registration begins - begins - focuses on focuses on Japanese - Japanese - plans begin for plans begin for internmentinternment

Home FrontHome FrontHome FrontHome Front

Office of Office of Civil Civil Defense Defense established established

Emergency Price Control Act Emergency Price Control Act goes into effect - Office of goes into effect - Office of Price Administration (OPA) to Price Administration (OPA) to set prices. set prices.

US clocks set ahead 1 hour for US clocks set ahead 1 hour for Daylight Savings Time - stay Daylight Savings Time - stay throughout the war.throughout the war.

Japanese relocation begins in Japanese relocation begins in western states - 100,000 Nisei western states - 100,000 Nisei lose property and forced into lose property and forced into camps. camps.

War Production Board stops all War Production Board stops all non-essential production.non-essential production.

War ProductionWar ProductionWar ProductionWar Production

WAACS created- Women's WAACS created- Women's Auxiliary Army Corps. Auxiliary Army Corps.

Rosie the RiveterRosie the RiveterRosie the RiveterRosie the Riveter

War Labor Board gives cost of War Labor Board gives cost of living increase to steel workers living increase to steel workers - called "Little Steel Formula" - called "Little Steel Formula"

US opens ALCAN highway US opens ALCAN highway to connect Alaska to to connect Alaska to contiguous states. contiguous states.

Gasoline rationing begins -- Gasoline rationing begins -- WPA closes; CCC is already WPA closes; CCC is already finished by war. finished by war.

Fighting in the PacificFighting in the Pacific..Fighting in the PacificFighting in the Pacific..

Battle of the Battle of the Java Sea - allied Java Sea - allied naval forces naval forces virtually wiped virtually wiped out. out.

General MacArthur forced to General MacArthur forced to flee Philippines - vows “I shall flee Philippines - vows “I shall return!” - assumes command of return!” - assumes command of Allies in Australia.Allies in Australia.

April - Bataan Death March - 75,000 April - Bataan Death March - 75,000 Filipino and Americans surrender in Filipino and Americans surrender in the Philippines -marched 100 miles the Philippines -marched 100 miles to concentration camp - thousands to concentration camp - thousands die. die.

Bataan Death MarchBataan Death MarchBataan Death MarchBataan Death March

April - 16 US bombers under April - 16 US bombers under Maj. General Doolittle bomb Maj. General Doolittle bomb Tokyo - survivors land in Tokyo - survivors land in China.China.

Coral SeaCoral SeaCoral SeaCoral Sea

May - Battle of the Coral Sea - May - Battle of the Coral Sea - first major carrier battle - US first major carrier battle - US inflict heavy losses on Japaninflict heavy losses on Japan

June - Battle of June - Battle of Midway - Pacific Midway - Pacific naval battle - naval battle - Japanese lose naval Japanese lose naval superiority - major superiority - major turning point. turning point.

Japanese take Kiska and Attu Japanese take Kiska and Attu islands in the Aleutians islands in the Aleutians

ISLAND HOPPINGISLAND HOPPINGISLAND HOPPINGISLAND HOPPING

US forces land US forces land on Guadalcanal - on Guadalcanal - first battle in first battle in grueling "island-grueling "island-hopping" plan to hopping" plan to reach Japanese reach Japanese Islands. Islands.

US Navy forces Japan to US Navy forces Japan to abandon plans to support its abandon plans to support its forces on Guadalcanal forces on Guadalcanal

Naval Battle of Guadalcanal - Naval Battle of Guadalcanal - US defeats major Japanese fleet US defeats major Japanese fleet

European StrategyEuropean StrategyEuropean StrategyEuropean Strategy

German U-Boats drop German German U-Boats drop German saboteurs on Atlantic coast - saboteurs on Atlantic coast - rounded up, they are executed. rounded up, they are executed.

Office of War Office of War Information Information is established is established - for - for propaganda propaganda

Office of Office of Strategic Strategic Services (OSS) Services (OSS) is created - is created - headed by headed by William “Wild William “Wild Bill” Donovan Bill” Donovan (becomes CIA (becomes CIA after war) after war)

Churchill Churchill meets FDR in meets FDR in Washington Washington to plan to plan invasion of invasion of North Africa North Africa

June - Eisenhower becomes June - Eisenhower becomes commander of allied forces commander of allied forces

July - allied bombing of July - allied bombing of Germany begins Germany begins

A. Averell Harriman represents A. Averell Harriman represents US in Moscow to negotiate US in Moscow to negotiate coordination with Stalin coordination with Stalin

August - US begins full-scale August - US begins full-scale bombing of German forces in bombing of German forces in France France

August - German assault of August - German assault of Stalingrad begins Stalingrad begins

U-Boat devastation reaches a U-Boat devastation reaches a peak in September peak in September

October - British forces under October - British forces under Montgomery defeat Germany's Montgomery defeat Germany's "Desert Fox," Marshal Irwin "Desert Fox," Marshal Irwin Rommel at El AlameinRommel at El Alamein

November - allied forces land November - allied forces land in Morocco and Algeria in Morocco and Algeria

Battle of Battle of Stalingrad Stalingrad ends with ends with major German major German defeat and defeat and surrender.surrender.

1943 1943 1943 1943

Home FrontHome FrontHome FrontHome Front

Shoe rationing begins - 3 pairs Shoe rationing begins - 3 pairs per person per yearper person per year

Point Rationing Point Rationing System begins System begins for food. for food.

April - FDR freezes wages and April - FDR freezes wages and prices to halt inflation prices to halt inflation

May - John L. Lewis calls for May - John L. Lewis calls for soft coal miners strike - FDR soft coal miners strike - FDR orders mines to be seized, orders mines to be seized, strike called off.strike called off.

Office of War Mobilization is Office of War Mobilization is created to coordinate war created to coordinate war efforts efforts

June - Withholding of income June - Withholding of income for taxes beginsfor taxes begins

Arsenal of DemocracyArsenal of DemocracyArsenal of DemocracyArsenal of Democracy

Anti-Black labor riots in Anti-Black labor riots in Detroit - put down by federal Detroit - put down by federal troopstroops

Smith-Conally Labor Dispute Smith-Conally Labor Dispute Act - require unions to give 30 Act - require unions to give 30 day notice before strike in war day notice before strike in war plants and outlaws strikes in plants and outlaws strikes in government-operated plants government-operated plants

Federal Government seizes the Federal Government seizes the railroads when strikes are railroads when strikes are threatened. threatened.

European Theater European Theater European Theater European Theater

US forces defeated by US forces defeated by Rommel's Afrika Korps at Rommel's Afrika Korps at Kasserine Pass. Kasserine Pass.

General George Patton takes General George Patton takes command.command.

German forces in N. Africa German forces in N. Africa defeated in Tunisia- 250,000 defeated in Tunisia- 250,000 surrender surrender

Uprising in Warsaw Jewish Uprising in Warsaw Jewish Ghetto ends - Jews are sent to Ghetto ends - Jews are sent to concentration camps - ghetto is concentration camps - ghetto is leveled leveled

July - German forces begin last July - German forces begin last ditch offensive in Russia - ditch offensive in Russia - called the Kursk Salient - it called the Kursk Salient - it fails as the last initiative in the fails as the last initiative in the east. east.

Allies begin invasion of Sicily Allies begin invasion of Sicily - General George Patton leads - General George Patton leads US troops.US troops.

Leaflets dropped over Italy Leaflets dropped over Italy asking Italians to surrender asking Italians to surrender

US bombers selectively bomb US bombers selectively bomb Rome - Mussolini is forced to Rome - Mussolini is forced to abdicate abdicate

Allies take Messina, SicilyAllies take Messina, Sicily

September - Italy agrees to September - Italy agrees to surrender, German calls Italy a surrender, German calls Italy a traitor begins to treat it as an traitor begins to treat it as an enemy enemy

Invasion of the Peninsula Invasion of the Peninsula begins. begins.

Germans forced to abandon Germans forced to abandon Salerno - battle continues by Salerno - battle continues by inches up the peninsula inches up the peninsula

October - Naples is captured October - Naples is captured by US General Mark Clark - by US General Mark Clark - Germans destroy the city as Germans destroy the city as they retreat. they retreat.

December - Eisenhower December - Eisenhower becomes supreme commander becomes supreme commander of Allied Forces of Allied Forces

Pacific TheaterPacific TheaterPacific TheaterPacific Theater

February - Marines take February - Marines take Guadalcanal - major step in the war.Guadalcanal - major step in the war.

Island HoppingIsland HoppingIsland HoppingIsland Hopping

March - Battle of the Bismarck March - Battle of the Bismarck Sea off New Guinea - US Sea off New Guinea - US defeats Japan - major blow defeats Japan - major blow against Japan holding New against Japan holding New Guinea. Guinea.

In bloody fighting the US In bloody fighting the US Marines take Tarawa and Marines take Tarawa and Makin Islands in the Gilberts Makin Islands in the Gilberts

Hell on TarawaHell on TarawaHell on TarawaHell on Tarawa

DiplomacyDiplomacyDiplomacyDiplomacy

Casablanca Conference - Casablanca Conference - Roosevelt meets with Roosevelt meets with Churchill - calls for Churchill - calls for unconditional surrender of unconditional surrender of GermanyGermany

US, USSR, Britain and China US, USSR, Britain and China meet in Moscow to discuss meet in Moscow to discuss treatment of Axis Powers after treatment of Axis Powers after the war. the war.

November - Congress passes November - Congress passes the Conally Resolution calling the Conally Resolution calling for a international peace for a international peace organizationorganization

Cairo Conference - Roosevelt, Cairo Conference - Roosevelt, Churchill and Chiang Kaishek Churchill and Chiang Kaishek meet - call for unconditional meet - call for unconditional surrender by Japan - Japan must surrender by Japan - Japan must give up all gained territories. give up all gained territories.

Teheran Conference - FDR, Teheran Conference - FDR, Churchill and Stalin meet - Churchill and Stalin meet - agree to timing of coordinated agree to timing of coordinated invasions invasions

Congress repeals the Chinese Congress repeals the Chinese Exclusion Act Exclusion Act

Teheran ConferenceTeheran ConferenceTeheran ConferenceTeheran Conference

1944 1944 1944 1944

European TheaterEuropean TheaterEuropean TheaterEuropean TheaterEisenhower arrives in London Eisenhower arrives in London

to take command and begins to take command and begins planning invasion of "Festung planning invasion of "Festung Europa " Europa "

Allies land at Anzio, Italy Allies land at Anzio, Italy meet stiff and bloody German meet stiff and bloody German resistance - invasion bogs resistance - invasion bogs down down

February - German forces in February - German forces in Italy create a defensive line, Italy create a defensive line, “The Gustav Line” at Monte “The Gustav Line” at Monte Cassino - hold it with full force Cassino - hold it with full force -allies reluctant to destroy -allies reluctant to destroy medieval monestary medieval monestary

'Big Week" bombing raids 'Big Week" bombing raids over Germanyover Germany

March - US bombers begin March - US bombers begin bombing raids over Berlin - bombing raids over Berlin - 10% loss of planes10% loss of planes

May - Monte Cassino falls May - Monte Cassino falls after bombing reduces it to after bombing reduces it to rubble - Gustav Line collapses. rubble - Gustav Line collapses.

Allied forces break out of Allied forces break out of Anzio beachhead begin to Anzio beachhead begin to move on Rome.move on Rome.

June - June - Allies Allies enter enter Rome Rome

June 6, 1944 - D-Day - June 6, 1944 - D-Day - Operation Overlord begins with Operation Overlord begins with invasion of Normandy - 4600 invasion of Normandy - 4600 ships, 10,000 planes and ships, 10,000 planes and 176,000 troops in largest 176,000 troops in largest invasion in history. invasion in history.

D DAYD DAYD DAYD DAY

Storming the Beach…..Storming the Beach…..Storming the Beach…..Storming the Beach…..

Breaking of German codes and Breaking of German codes and use of misinformation leads to use of misinformation leads to lack of German coordination in lack of German coordination in defense.defense.

June 10th - Allied beaches link June 10th - Allied beaches link up and forces begin march on up and forces begin march on Berlin. Berlin.

Germany launches first V- 1 Germany launches first V- 1 rocket on Londonrocket on London

The Blitz ContinuesThe Blitz ContinuesThe Blitz ContinuesThe Blitz Continues

Allies capture French port of Allies capture French port of

Cherbourg, Germans destroy Cherbourg, Germans destroy port facilities port facilities

July - General Patton leads July - General Patton leads "break out" thrust against "break out" thrust against GermansGermans

Plot to assassinate Hitler by Plot to assassinate Hitler by bomb fails - military plotters are bomb fails - military plotters are executed - Hitler over the edge. executed - Hitler over the edge.

Invasion of Southern France Invasion of Southern France beginsbegins

Paris falls after German Paris falls after German general refuses Hitler's orders general refuses Hitler's orders to resist at all costs. to resist at all costs.

September - first V-2 rockets September - first V-2 rockets fall on London fall on London

The Yanks are backThe Yanks are backThe Yanks are backThe Yanks are back

US forces US forces enter enter GermanyGermany

December - December - Germany launches a Germany launches a counter-offensive in counter-offensive in the Ardennes Forest the Ardennes Forest in Belgium, called in Belgium, called the "Battle of the the "Battle of the Bulge" after the Bulge" after the bulge created when bulge created when center of allied center of allied advance retreats. advance retreats.

US 101st Airborne Division is surrounded US 101st Airborne Division is surrounded by German forces at Bastogne – by German forces at Bastogne –

when told to surrender, US General when told to surrender, US General Anthony McAuliffe replies "Nuts!“Anthony McAuliffe replies "Nuts!“

Siege is relieved by Patton's 3rd Army.Siege is relieved by Patton's 3rd Army.

Pacific TheaterPacific TheaterPacific TheaterPacific Theater

US forces take the Marshall US forces take the Marshall Islands in the Pacific. Islands in the Pacific.

US forces capture Saipan US forces capture Saipan Island - bombing of Japan Island - bombing of Japan beginsbegins

Battle of Philippine Sea - Battle of Philippine Sea - Japan defeated at heavy costs Japan defeated at heavy costs to US naval forces to US naval forces

August - Island of Guam August - Island of Guam retaken in heavy fightingretaken in heavy fighting

October - MacArthur lands in October - MacArthur lands in Philippines - fulfilling his Philippines - fulfilling his promise promise

Battle of the Leyte Gulf Battle of the Leyte Gulf - Japanese risk major - Japanese risk major naval force to halt US naval force to halt US invasion of Philippines - invasion of Philippines - suffer a major defeat - suffer a major defeat - Japanese reduced to Japanese reduced to suicidal "kamikaze" suicidal "kamikaze" attacks on US ships.attacks on US ships.

Home FrontHome FrontHome FrontHome Front

FDR signs GI FDR signs GI Bill of Rights Bill of Rights

Republicans nominate Thomas Republicans nominate Thomas Dewey, governor of New York Dewey, governor of New York for president for president

Democrats nominate FDR for Democrats nominate FDR for fourth term, running mate is fourth term, running mate is Harry Truman of Missouri Harry Truman of Missouri

November - FDR wins fourth November - FDR wins fourth term as president - term as president - campaigning has left him weak campaigning has left him weak and ill.and ill.

DiplomacyDiplomacyDiplomacyDiplomacyUS refuses to recognize US refuses to recognize

government of Argentina - it government of Argentina - it has not declared war on has not declared war on Germany Germany

US passes United Nations US passes United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation ActRelief and Rehabilitation Act

Conference at Bretton Woods Conference at Bretton Woods creates the International creates the International Monetary Fund and the World Monetary Fund and the World Bank Bank

General de Gaulle comes to General de Gaulle comes to Washington to discuss Free Washington to discuss Free French resistance and post war French resistance and post war France.France.

Conference at Dumbarton Conference at Dumbarton Oaks - USA, GB, USSR and Oaks - USA, GB, USSR and China meet to discuss China meet to discuss formation of international formation of international organization for peace.organization for peace.

Second Quebec Conference Second Quebec Conference (Octagon Conference) - FDR (Octagon Conference) - FDR and Churchill meet to discuss and Churchill meet to discuss fate of Japan and Germany fate of Japan and Germany after war.after war.

1945194519451945

European TheaterEuropean TheaterEuropean TheaterEuropean Theater1000 US planes begin bombing 1000 US planes begin bombing

of Berlinof BerlinMarch - US forces capture last March - US forces capture last

remaining bridge on the Rhine at remaining bridge on the Rhine at Remagen and begin full scale Remagen and begin full scale invasion of Germany invasion of Germany

US and Russian troops begin US and Russian troops begin liberating Nazi concentration liberating Nazi concentration camps - discover remains of camps - discover remains of Nazi's "Final Solution" = Nazi's "Final Solution" = genocide of 6,000,000 Jews.genocide of 6,000,000 Jews.

BuchenvaldBuchenvaldBuchenvaldBuchenvald

April 30 - April 30 - Hitler Hitler commits commits suicide in his suicide in his private private bunker.bunker.

May 7 - May 7 - Germany Germany Surrenders - Surrenders - VE Day is VE Day is declared. declared.

Pacific TheaterPacific TheaterPacific TheaterPacific Theater

In the Philippines - MacArthur In the Philippines - MacArthur lands on the island of Luzon - lands on the island of Luzon - sets out for Manila sets out for Manila

Mac is BackMac is BackMac is BackMac is Back

US Marines capture the island US Marines capture the island of Iwo Jima - raise US flag on of Iwo Jima - raise US flag on Mt. Suribachi - 4000 US dead. Mt. Suribachi - 4000 US dead.

Iwo JimaIwo JimaIwo JimaIwo Jima

April 1 - June 21 - Battle for April 1 - June 21 - Battle for Okinawa - US marines lose Okinawa - US marines lose 80,000 (12,000 dead) men in 80,000 (12,000 dead) men in capturing the island - Japanese capturing the island - Japanese suicide charges and cave suicide charges and cave retreats led to 160,000 retreats led to 160,000 Japanese dead. Japanese dead.

DiplomacyDiplomacyDiplomacyDiplomacy January 1945 --Yalta January 1945 --Yalta

Conference - FDR, Churchill Conference - FDR, Churchill and Stalin - discuss plans for and Stalin - discuss plans for post-war world and agree to post-war world and agree to United Nations meeting in San United Nations meeting in San Francisco Feb 19 - Mar 16 Francisco Feb 19 - Mar 16

Yalta ConferenceYalta ConferenceYalta ConferenceYalta Conference

The End of the The End of the WarWar

The End of the The End of the WarWar

April 12 - FDR dies in Warm April 12 - FDR dies in Warm Springs, Georgia of a massive Springs, Georgia of a massive cerebral hemorrhage - Truman cerebral hemorrhage - Truman takes office - promise to takes office - promise to maintain FDR's program for the maintain FDR's program for the war.war.

The Champ is GoneThe Champ is GoneThe Champ is GoneThe Champ is Gone

Harry Who?

April 25 - United Nations April 25 - United Nations meets in San Francisco meets in San Francisco

US and Soviet Troops link up US and Soviet Troops link up in Germany at Elbe River in Germany at Elbe River

Shaking Hands at the ElbaShaking Hands at the ElbaShaking Hands at the ElbaShaking Hands at the Elba

July 5 - Philippines are July 5 - Philippines are recaptured recaptured

Berlin is divided among Big Berlin is divided among Big Four (US, USSR, GB and Four (US, USSR, GB and France)France)

July 16 - the Manhattan July 16 - the Manhattan Project (top secret program to Project (top secret program to develop an A-bomb) is develop an A-bomb) is successful as atomic bomb is successful as atomic bomb is detonated at Alamogordo, detonated at Alamogordo, New Mexico. Los Alamos New Mexico. Los Alamos research plant in NM has two research plant in NM has two bombs. bombs.

July 17 - Truman meets with July 17 - Truman meets with Churchill and Stalin at Churchill and Stalin at Potsdam, Germany - tries to Potsdam, Germany - tries to establish ground rules for post-establish ground rules for post-war world -Truman warns war world -Truman warns Stalin we have the bomb - Cold Stalin we have the bomb - Cold War begins? War begins?

Potsdam declaration with Potsdam declaration with China - calls for unconditional China - calls for unconditional surrender of Japan surrender of Japan

“We think we have found the way to cause a disintegration of the atom. An experiment in the New Mexican desert was startling - to put it mildly. … This weapon is to be used against Japan between now and August 10. I have told the secretary of war, Mr. Stimson, to use it so that military objectives and soldiers and sailors are the target and not women and children. “

- Harry S Truman July 25, 1945

August 6, 1945 August 6, 1945 - US drops - US drops Atomic Bomb Atomic Bomb on Hiroshima, on Hiroshima, Japan - 180,000 Japan - 180,000 dead- 70,000 dead- 70,000 missing missing

HiroshimaHiroshimaHiroshimaHiroshima

Russia enters war against Russia enters war against Japan Japan

August 9 - A-bomb dropped on August 9 - A-bomb dropped on NagasakiNagasaki

August 14 - Armistice in Asia August 14 - Armistice in Asia August 17 - US and USSR August 17 - US and USSR

divide Korea at 38th parallel divide Korea at 38th parallel

`̀̀̀

September 2, 1945 - Japanese September 2, 1945 - Japanese surrender aboard the USS surrender aboard the USS Missouri in Tokyo Bay.Missouri in Tokyo Bay.

V-J DAYV-J DAYV-J DAYV-J DAY