WV Driver Education

T-5.1

Topic 1 Processing InformationTopic 1 Processing InformationTopic 2 Intersections, Curves, and Topic 2 Intersections, Curves, and

HillsHillsTopic 3 PassingTopic 3 Passing

Information Processing:Information Processing:Moderate Risk EnvironmentModerate Risk Environment

WV Driver Education

T-5.2

DRIVER REQUIREMENTSDRIVER REQUIREMENTS

VISIBILITY... SPACE... TIME... SPACE... TRACTIONVISIBILITY... SPACE... TIME... SPACE... TRACTION

VEHICLE REQUIREMENTSVEHICLE REQUIREMENTS

BASIC REQUIREMENTS FOR DRIVINGBASIC REQUIREMENTS FOR DRIVING

T-5.3

Space Management System Components Space Management System Components

• Search for objects or conditionsSearch for objects or conditions• Evaluate the path ahead for alternate paths of Evaluate the path ahead for alternate paths of

traveltravel• Prepare to make adjustments in speed and/or Prepare to make adjustments in speed and/or

positionposition• Searching includes:Searching includes:

– Where to searchWhere to search– When to searchWhen to search– How to searchHow to search– What to search forWhat to search for

T-5.4

Visual FieldsVisual Fields

T-5.5

Search PracticesSearch Practices

4-8 seconds4-8 seconds15-20 seconds15-20 seconds

T-5.6

CommunicatingCommunicating• SignalsSignals

– TurningTurning– BackingBacking– HazardHazard

• HeadlightsHeadlights• Brake LightsBrake Lights• HornHorn

• Hand SignalHand Signal

• Position of VehiclePosition of Vehicle

• Speed of VehicleSpeed of Vehicle

• Actions of DriverActions of Driver

– Using Cell PhoneUsing Cell Phone

– DistractedDistracted

T-5.7

Managing Visual SearchesManaging Visual Searches

• 20 to 30 Second Visual Search Area20 to 30 Second Visual Search Area– Search as far ahead as possible to identify potential Search as far ahead as possible to identify potential

conflictsconflicts • Objects in Path and Areas of Limited VisibilityObjects in Path and Areas of Limited Visibility• Limitations to Path of Travel and Line of SightLimitations to Path of Travel and Line of Sight

• 12 to 15 Second Visual Control Area12 to 15 Second Visual Control Area– Identify Objects or Conditions That Require a Response Identify Objects or Conditions That Require a Response

or Continuing Attentionor Continuing Attention– Look for Closed or Changing Path of TravelLook for Closed or Changing Path of Travel

T-5.8

Managing Visual SearchesManaging Visual Searches

• 8 to 12 Second Response Area8 to 12 Second Response Area– Identify an Alternate Path of Travel and Identify an Alternate Path of Travel and

Safe Stopping ZoneSafe Stopping Zone– Evaluate Open Zones to the Side and RearEvaluate Open Zones to the Side and Rear

• 4 to 8 Second Directed Response Area4 to 8 Second Directed Response Area– Other than Detecting Color or Movement, the Brain Other than Detecting Color or Movement, the Brain

Receives Definitive Information (Images) from the Receives Definitive Information (Images) from the Eyes Only When the Eyes Fixate Eyes Only When the Eyes Fixate

– The Eyes Fixate Only on That Which the Brain The Eyes Fixate Only on That Which the Brain (through practice and experience) Directs Them To (through practice and experience) Directs Them To FixateFixate

T-5.9

Determining Following IntervalsDetermining Following Intervals

A two to three second following interval is A two to three second following interval is intended to provide time to steer and is intended to provide time to steer and is acceptable only in heavy traffic flows. acceptable only in heavy traffic flows. It It provides time to brake to a stop only if you are provides time to brake to a stop only if you are monitoring the actions of drivers 8 to 12 monitoring the actions of drivers 8 to 12 seconds ahead in your path of travel.seconds ahead in your path of travel. In most In most instances, it necessitates steering to alternate instances, it necessitates steering to alternate escape path in an emergency.escape path in an emergency.

T-5.10

Visual Search CategoriesVisual Search Categories

• HighwayHighway

• Traffic ControlsTraffic Controls

• Motor VehiclesMotor Vehicles

• Non-Motorized UsersNon-Motorized Users

T-5.11

Highway ConditionsHighway Conditions

Highway

RoadwayStructure

WIDTHWIDTHCURBINGCURBINGCURVESCURVESSLOPESSLOPES

SENSORY INPUT TO

BRAIN

RoadwaySurfaces Atmosphere

Intersections

ILLUMINATIONILLUMINATIONGLAREGLARE

PRECIPITATIONPRECIPITATIONWIND/NOISEWIND/NOISE

RoadwayFeatures

KINDKINDROUGHNESSROUGHNESSSLICKSLICKLEAVESLEAVESSANDSANDETC.ETC.

SHOULDERSSHOULDERSAFFIXED OBJECTSAFFIXED OBJECTSADJACENT BUILDINGADJACENT BUILDING

T-5.12

Traffic ControlsTraffic Controls

T-5.13

Motor VehiclesMotor Vehicles

MOTORVEHICLES

SUBCOMPACT, SUBCOMPACT, COMPACT, COMPACT,

INTERMEDIATE, INTERMEDIATE, FULL-SIZE, FULL-SIZE, SPECIALTYSPECIALTY

SENSORY INPUT TO

BRAIN

Type

Road-HandlingCharacteristics

VAN, PICK-UPS, VAN, PICK-UPS, TRACTOR TRAILER, TRACTOR TRAILER, DOUBLE, TRIPLE DOUBLE, TRIPLE TRAILERS, SCHOOL TRAILERS, SCHOOL BUSES, SUVBUSES, SUV

CAMPER, PICK-UP, CAMPER, PICK-UP, MOTOR HOMES, MOTOR HOMES, MOTORCYCLES, FARM MOTORCYCLES, FARM MACHINES, OFF-ROAD, MACHINES, OFF-ROAD, SNOWMOBILESSNOWMOBILES

SUSPENSION, TIRES, SUSPENSION, TIRES, BRAKING, BRAKING, ACCELERATION, ACCELERATION, LOAD, LOAD LOAD, LOAD DISTRIBUTION, DISTRIBUTION, SPEED, TRACKINGSPEED, TRACKING

T-5.14

Non Motorized UsersNon Motorized Users

NON-MOTORIZEDNON-MOTORIZEDUSERSUSERS

Pedestrians

SENSORY INPUT TO

BRAINBicycles

NUMBERS, AGE, SEX, NUMBERS, AGE, SEX, ABILITY, ALCOHOL, ABILITY, ALCOHOL, OTHER DRUGS, OTHER DRUGS, FATIGUE, EMOTIONS, FATIGUE, EMOTIONS, FITNESS, ACTIVITYFITNESS, ACTIVITY

KIND AND SIZEKIND AND SIZE

NUMBERSNUMBERS

AGE OF RIDERAGE OF RIDER

ACTIVITYACTIVITY

RIDER ABILITYRIDER ABILITY

Animals

KIND AND SIZEKIND AND SIZEDOMESTICDOMESTICWILDWILDHORSEDRAWNHORSEDRAWNVEHICLES VEHICLES

In-Line Skates, Skateboards

T-5.15

Controlling Space to the FrontControlling Space to the Front

• Timing Your ArrivalTiming Your Arrival

• Forward PlacementForward Placement

• Following IntervalFollowing Interval

T-5.16

Make Space with Lane PositionMake Space with Lane Position

5533

Straddle Lane PositionsStraddle Lane Positions

Within Lane PositionsWithin Lane Positions

4422

11

T-5.17

Staggered StopsStaggered StopsStop behind the:Stop behind the:

Stop BarStop BarCrosswalkCrosswalkRoad EdgeRoad Edge

Position Vehicle Toward Position Vehicle Toward Right Side of LaneRight Side of Lane

T-5.18

Intersection Search PatternsIntersection Search Patterns

CLOSEDCLOSEDOPENOPEN

Intersection ApproachIntersection ApproachCheck open areas, then closed areas to frontCheck open areas, then closed areas to frontCheck to the rearCheck to the rearCommunicate as necessaryCommunicate as necessaryCheck areas adjacent to path of travelCheck areas adjacent to path of travelCheck sight lines left and rightCheck sight lines left and rightAdjust speed and/or position as appropriateAdjust speed and/or position as appropriate OPENOPEN

OPENOPEN

T-5.19

Lane MarkingsLane MarkingsShared Left Turn LaneShared Left Turn Lane

XX

Reversible LanesReversible Lanes

T-5.20

Line of Sight Through CurveLine of Sight Through Curve• Establish Line of Sight and Projected Path of Establish Line of Sight and Projected Path of

TravelTravel• Check to the RearCheck to the Rear• Adjust Position for Maximum View of Adjust Position for Maximum View of

Oncoming TrafficOncoming Traffic– Curve to RightCurve to Right– Curve to LeftCurve to Left

• Establish Target Area for Path of TravelEstablish Target Area for Path of Travel• Adjust Speed and Position to ConditionsAdjust Speed and Position to Conditions

T-5.21

Line of Sight Through CurvesLine of Sight Through Curves

T-5.22

Line of Sight Through CurveLine of Sight Through Curve

T-5.23

Line of Sight Over HillLine of Sight Over Hill• Sightline Limitations Similar to CurveSightline Limitations Similar to Curve• Adjustments are Speed Reduction and Adjustments are Speed Reduction and

Position to the Right or Outside of LanePosition to the Right or Outside of Lane• Restriction to Sightline is Up or DownRestriction to Sightline is Up or Down

T-5.24

Determining Passing Time/Space NeedsDetermining Passing Time/Space Needs

40 mph = 60 feet1-2 second return to lane1-2 second return to lane

74 ft/sec @ 50 mph74 ft/sec @ 50 mph3 lengths of car per sec

may take 8 to 10 secto pass another car

2-3 seconds start pass2-3 seconds start pass40 mph = 120 ft

T-5.25

Passing Needs

Constant: 1 mph = 1.4667 or 1.5 Constant: 1 mph = 1.4667 or 1.5 feet per second (fps) feet per second (fps)

Time to pass = distance traveled Time to pass = distance traveled to complete pass, divided by to complete pass, divided by difference in distance traveled difference in distance traveled per second by each vehicle, per second by each vehicle,

30 mph = 45 fps30 mph = 45 fps40 mph = 60 fps40 mph = 60 fps60 ft-45 ft = 15 ft60 ft-45 ft = 15 ft

2 sec. Following Distance = 120 ft.2 sec. Following Distance = 120 ft.1 car length1 car length = 15 ft.= 15 ft.1 sec. Lead1 sec. Lead = 60 ft.= 60 ft.Total additional distance Total additional distance traveled traveled = 195 ft.= 195 ft.Time needed to pass: Time needed to pass: 195/15 195/15 = 13 sec.= 13 sec.Total distance traveled:Total distance traveled:13 sec. X 60 fps. 13 sec. X 60 fps. = 780 ft= 780 ft

T-5.26

Passing ConsiderationsPassing Considerations

• Larger VehiclesLarger Vehicles– 24 seconds to pass tractor trailer rig (90 feet) traveling 24 seconds to pass tractor trailer rig (90 feet) traveling

@ 50 mph, when passing @ 60 mph@ 50 mph, when passing @ 60 mph– 2160 feet needed to complete 24 second pass2160 feet needed to complete 24 second pass

• Oncoming VehiclesOncoming Vehicles– Approaching vehicle travels 2160 feet @ 60 mphApproaching vehicle travels 2160 feet @ 60 mph– Total clear distance needed to pass becomes 4320 feet Total clear distance needed to pass becomes 4320 feet

when approaching vehicles existwhen approaching vehicles exist

• Daylight Headlight Use CriticalDaylight Headlight Use Critical

T-5.27

Passing ProceduresPassing Procedures

Prepare to passPrepare to pass– Position yourself two to three seconds Position yourself two to three seconds

behind the vehicle you want to passbehind the vehicle you want to pass– Check mirrors and oncoming trafficCheck mirrors and oncoming traffic– Check ahead for safe passing distanceCheck ahead for safe passing distance– Signal your intentionSignal your intention

T-5.28

Passing ProceduresPassing Procedures

• Overtake the ongoing carOvertake the ongoing car– Signal your intention and accelerate into passing laneSignal your intention and accelerate into passing lane– Accelerate quickly to an appropriate speedAccelerate quickly to an appropriate speed– Concentrate on the path aheadConcentrate on the path ahead– Check your mirror for following carsCheck your mirror for following cars

• Return to laneReturn to lane– Check your rear-view mirror for the front of the car you are Check your rear-view mirror for the front of the car you are

passingpassing– Signal your intentionSignal your intention– Change lanes and maintain speedChange lanes and maintain speed– Cancel turn signalCancel turn signal

T-5.29

WV Driver EducationWV Driver Education

Driver Education ClassroomDriver Education Classroomand In-car Laband In-car Lab

Information Processing:Information Processing:Moderate Risk Moderate Risk

EnvironmentEnvironment