WUTA08 Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati Frascati, 8-10 October 2008 Probing free metallic and carbon clusters with VUV photons. P. Piseri 1,2,3 ([email protected]), G. Bongiorno 1,2,3 , T. Mazza 1,2,3 , L. Ravagnan 1,2,3 , M. Amati 1,2,3 , M. Devetta 1,2 , C. Lenardi 2,3,4 , and P. Milani 1,2,3 , M. Coreno 5,6 , M. De Simone 6 , P. Rudolf 7 , F. Evangelista 7 1 Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano. 2 CIMAINA, Università degli Studi di Milano. 3 CNR-INFM 4 Dipartimento di Farmacologia, Università degli Studi di Milano. 5 CNR-IMIP, Area della ricerca di Roma 1 6 Laboratorio Nazionale TASC INFM-CNR 7 University of Gröningen, The Nederlands Laboratorio Getti Molecolari e Materiali Nanocristallini - LGM Director: P. Milani ([email protected])
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WUTA08 Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati Frascati, 8-10 October 2008 Probing free metallic and carbon clusters with VUV photons. P. Piseri 1,2,3 ([email protected]),
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WUTA08 Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati
Frascati, 8-10 October 2008
Probing free metallic and carbon clusters with VUV photons.
P. Piseri1,2,3 ([email protected]), G. Bongiorno1,2,3, T. Mazza1,2,3 , L. Ravagnan1,2,3, M. Amati1,2,3, M. Devetta1,2, C. Lenardi2,3,4, and P. Milani1,2,3, M. Coreno5,6, M. De Simone6, P. Rudolf 7, F. Evangelista7
1 Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano.2 CIMAINA, Università degli Studi di Milano.3 CNR-INFM4 Dipartimento di Farmacologia, Università degli Studi di Milano.5 CNR-IMIP, Area della ricerca di Roma 16 Laboratorio Nazionale TASC INFM-CNR7 University of Gröningen, The Nederlands
Laboratorio Getti Molecolari e Materiali Nanocristallini - LGMDirector: P. Milani ([email protected])
OutlineOutline
Core-level techniques became available for free-clusters with 3rd generation SR light sources
•The CESyRa experience
•Possibilities offered by the experimental setup
•Perspectives with next generation sources
ethane
ethylene acetylene
Simple hydrocarbons
Carbon
sp3
spsp2
Isolated carbon cluster with less than 30
atoms exist as purely sp carbon chains
(carbynes)
R.O. Jones, J. Chem. Phys. 110, 5189 (1999)
Diamond
Graphene
sp3
spsp2
Crystal structures
?
Carbon
a-C
ta-C• Hard• Semiconductor
• Soft• Conductive
Disordered phases:mixture of hybridizations
Chains and rings (sp)
N 32 atoms
E.A. Rohlfing et al. J. Chem. Phys. 81, 3322 (1984)
Pulsed Laser Vaporization source
Fullerenes and onions (sp2, sp3)
N > 32 atoms
Increasing the number of C atoms per cluster
N both even and odd N only even
High power density:annealing of the clusters up to their ground state
structure
Carbon clusters mass spectra
pulsed valve
insulating valve flange
anode
rotating cathode
thermalization cavity
graphite nozzle
ceramic body
Pulsed Microplasma Cluster Source (PMCS)developed at Laboratorio Getti Molecolari e Materiali Nanocristallini,
Department of Physics, University of Milano (Italy)
E. Barborini, P. Piseri, P.Milani, J. Phys. D, Appl. Phys. 32, L105 (1999)
1 mm
H. Vahedi-Tafreshi, et al. Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 6, 1140 (2006)
Cluster size (atoms)
Both odd and even clusters are detected
A-mode B-mode Residence time (s)
M. Bogana et al. NJP 7, 81 (2005)
The PMCS produces non-fullerenic clusters.
~40% of the whole mass distribution consists in odd clusters