WTO or GATT also effect on pakistan trade

GROUP NO. 8USMAN JAVED 2007-ag-2038M.JUNAID 2007-ag-1992JAWAD SHAH 2007ag-1993M.IRFAN 2007-ag-1995M.FIAZ 2007-ag-2002REHMAN ALI 2007-ag-2007TASLEEM AKHTAR 2007-ag-2008KHURAM IHSAN 2007-ag-2039

PRESENTATION ON:WTO AND HORTICULTURE IN PAKISTAN

GROUP NO. 8USMAN JAVED 2007-ag-2038M.JUNAID 2007-ag-1992JAWAD SHAH 2007ag-1993M.IRFAN 2007-ag-1995M.FIAZ 2007-ag-2002REHMAN ALI 2007-ag-2007TASLEEM AKHTAR 2007-ag-2008KHURAM IHSAN 2007-ag-2039

PRESENTATION ON:WTO AND HORTICULTURE IN PAKISTAN

WTO or GATTThe basic objective of GATT is to create a liberal and open

trading system under which business enterprises from respective member countries can trade with one another in a

fair and undisclosed competitive system with an agenda toOBJECTIVES: a. Raising standards of living,

b. Ensuring full employment and a large and steadily growing volume of real income and effect demand, and,

c. Developing the full sense of the resources of the world and expanding the production and exchange of goods

BASIC RULES1.PROTECTION TO DOMESTIC INDUSTRY THROUGH TARIFFS.

2.BINDING OF TARIFFS

WTO or GATTThe basic objective of GATT is to create a liberal and open

trading system under which business enterprises from respective member countries can trade with one another in a

fair and undisclosed competitive system with an agenda toOBJECTIVES: a. Raising standards of living,

b. Ensuring full employment and a large and steadily growing volume of real income and effect demand, and,

c. Developing the full sense of the resources of the world and expanding the production and exchange of goods

BASIC RULES1.PROTECTION TO DOMESTIC INDUSTRY THROUGH TARIFFS.

2.BINDING OF TARIFFS

PAKISTAN & WTOPAKISTAN & WTO

Pakistan is one of founder members of WTO since 1995.Member of GATT in 1948.

In order to maintain current markets and gain new ones for our exportable goods and services we are dependent on WTO to get tariff and non-tariff barriers lowered on an MFN(most

favoured nation basis.

PAKISTAN & WTOPakistan is one of founder members of WTO since 1995.

Member of GATT in 1948.In order to maintain current markets and gain new ones for

our exportable goods and services we are dependent on WTO to get tariff and non-tariff barriers lowered on an MFN(most

favoured nation basis.

IMPACT OF WTO ON HORTICULTUREWith the rapid expansion of globalization under influence of

WTO,the world market for agricultural and horticultural produces has been increasing very rapidly and this along with the introduction of noble cultivars with accurate identity so

that the breeding efforts can be protected by UPOV(The International Union for the Protection of New Varieties).Such a rapid change does not likely take place due possibly to very

conservative attitude of Asian people.The WTO is multilateral organization whose objective is to

help trade flow smoothly,freely,fairly and predictably.It does this by acting as a forum for trade negotiations,settling trade disputes and developing countries in trade policy issues,

through technical and training programmes.

IMPACT OF WTO ON HORTICULTUREWith the rapid expansion of globalization under influence of

WTO,the world market for agricultural and horticultural produces has been increasing very rapidly and this along with the introduction of noble cultivars with accurate identity so

that the breeding efforts can be protected by UPOV(The International Union for the Protection of New Varieties).Such a rapid change does not likely take place due possibly to very

conservative attitude of Asian people.The WTO is multilateral organization whose objective is to

help trade flow smoothly,freely,fairly and predictably.It does this by acting as a forum for trade negotiations,settling trade disputes and developing countries in trade policy issues,

through technical and training programmes.

A favorable climate gives Pakistan a strong comparative advantage in horticulture.

e.g., peaches in Pakistan have lower production costs than in India, or California. But the perishability of horticultural

products requires efficient processing and marketing infrastructure that is largely deficient in Pakistan.

There is high demand for Pakistani fruits in international markets, especially mango, apples, dates and citrus.

Unfortunately, Pakistan has very poor grading, packaging and processing infrastructure that is not compatible with

international standards. With proper planning and selection of the right markets, Pakistan has a good opportunity to

increase the value of exports.

A favorable climate gives Pakistan a strong comparative advantage in horticulture.

e.g., peaches in Pakistan have lower production costs than in India, or California. But the perishability of horticultural

products requires efficient processing and marketing infrastructure that is largely deficient in Pakistan.

There is high demand for Pakistani fruits in international markets, especially mango, apples, dates and citrus.

Unfortunately, Pakistan has very poor grading, packaging and processing infrastructure that is not compatible with

international standards. With proper planning and selection of the right markets, Pakistan has a good opportunity to

increase the value of exports.

The share of horticulture in agriculture value added is about 12% but has further expansion potential. It is a good source of foreign exchange earnings. Despite negligence of these crops,

exports of fruit and vegetables are increasing steadily. Pakistan’s share in the world export of fruit and vegetables

increased from 0.12% in 1990 to 0.16% in 2004 in value terms. It showed a growth rate increase from 5.27% in 1991

to 12.17% in 2004 in value terms. Despite significant variation over the years the overall trend has been positive. During the

first five years of the previous decade the growth rate of Pakistani exports of fruits and vegetables was significantly

higher than that of the global trade and resulted in a rapidly increasing share of Pakistan in world trade. The trend in the

last five years has been more erratic, due in part to seasonality in domestic production, and in part to the inability

to meet SPS measures.

The share of horticulture in agriculture value added is about 12% but has further expansion potential. It is a good source of foreign exchange earnings. Despite negligence of these crops,

exports of fruit and vegetables are increasing steadily. Pakistan’s share in the world export of fruit and vegetables

increased from 0.12% in 1990 to 0.16% in 2004 in value terms. It showed a growth rate increase from 5.27% in 1991

to 12.17% in 2004 in value terms. Despite significant variation over the years the overall trend has been positive. During the

first five years of the previous decade the growth rate of Pakistani exports of fruits and vegetables was significantly

higher than that of the global trade and resulted in a rapidly increasing share of Pakistan in world trade. The trend in the

last five years has been more erratic, due in part to seasonality in domestic production, and in part to the inability

to meet SPS measures.

PROBLEMS FACING PAKISTANPakistan is experiencing difficulties in meeting the SPS(Sanitary and Phytosanitary) requirements of developed countries and concerns are expressed

about the way in which the SPS Agreement has been implemented to-date.

EXAMPLE:Mangoes:Pakistan is among topmost producer of Mangoes but export is limited due to Quarantine issues of a pest known as fruit Fly from developed countries and Mangoes shelf life have also been responsible to limit its export mostly to middle east countries.

PROBLEMS FACING PAKISTANPakistan is experiencing difficulties in meeting the SPS(Sanitary and Phytosanitary) requirements of developed countries and concerns are expressed

about the way in which the SPS Agreement has been implemented to-date.

EXAMPLE:Mangoes:Pakistan is among topmost producer of Mangoes but export is limited due to Quarantine issues of a pest known as fruit Fly from developed countries and Mangoes shelf life have also been responsible to limit its export mostly to middle east countries.

DatesDates are the third largest fruit exported from Pakistan.

Pakistan is the sixth largest producer of dates in the world and therefore, holds a good share also in world exports

Dry dates are attacked by moth and beetle. With the use of methyl bromide being banned, irradiation has emerged as an attractive alternative for control of insect infestation in dates.

Strawberries Strawberries also appear to have a short shelf life due to

spoilage.

DatesDates are the third largest fruit exported from Pakistan.

Pakistan is the sixth largest producer of dates in the world and therefore, holds a good share also in world exports

Dry dates are attacked by moth and beetle. With the use of methyl bromide being banned, irradiation has emerged as an attractive alternative for control of insect infestation in dates.

Strawberries Strawberries also appear to have a short shelf life due to

spoilage.

HOW OVERCOME THESE PROBLEMS?1.PHDEB, with technical support from the University of

Agriculture, Faisalabad, has developed technology for `sap` management. Immersion of fruit soon after harvest in one

percent lime solution.2.Mango irradiation experiment was carried out to see the effect on shelf life and fruit-fly infestation and research in

collaboration with UAE to improve post-harvest practices to increase shelf life of mangoes. Mango trial shipment by sea to

Europe was undertaken to see the condition of mangoes under present conditions and hydro-cooling unit was

provided to mango growers for field heat removal in order to increase shelf life

HOW OVERCOME THESE PROBLEMS?1.PHDEB, with technical support from the University of

Agriculture, Faisalabad, has developed technology for `sap` management. Immersion of fruit soon after harvest in one

percent lime solution.2.Mango irradiation experiment was carried out to see the effect on shelf life and fruit-fly infestation and research in

collaboration with UAE to improve post-harvest practices to increase shelf life of mangoes. Mango trial shipment by sea to

Europe was undertaken to see the condition of mangoes under present conditions and hydro-cooling unit was

provided to mango growers for field heat removal in order to increase shelf life

3.FOOD IRRADIATION TECHNIQUEFood Irradiation is relatively new preservation technique

whereby the food products are treated with ionizing radiation for getting some specific benefits including increase in shelf

life, improved food safety and fulfilling quarantine requirements of different countries for importing agricultural

products.Food irradiation has the ability to destroy pathogenic (disease causing) organisms on different fruits & vegetables. Just like heat pasteurization of liquid foods like milk and juices, which

effectively eliminates spoilage and pathogenic bacteria, inactivates spoilage enzymes, eliminates pests & insect infestation and extends shelf-life by delaying ripening of

different fruits and vegetables.

3.FOOD IRRADIATION TECHNIQUEFood Irradiation is relatively new preservation technique

whereby the food products are treated with ionizing radiation for getting some specific benefits including increase in shelf

life, improved food safety and fulfilling quarantine requirements of different countries for importing agricultural

products.Food irradiation has the ability to destroy pathogenic (disease causing) organisms on different fruits & vegetables. Just like heat pasteurization of liquid foods like milk and juices, which

effectively eliminates spoilage and pathogenic bacteria, inactivates spoilage enzymes, eliminates pests & insect infestation and extends shelf-life by delaying ripening of

different fruits and vegetables.

1.Improvement in the production methods

2. Improvement in the transportation and storage methods, transportation time, artisanal technique and sanitation of storage facilities.3. Access to compliance resources, assistance by technical experts, information resources and laboratory and quarantine stations.4.Access to international negotiations, establishment of inquiry points and contact points in WTO to promote participation of Pakistan in multilateral negotiations.5. Balanced development of centralized quality control system and competitive market system for export.

1.Improvement in the production methods

2. Improvement in the transportation and storage methods, transportation time, artisanal technique and sanitation of storage facilities.3. Access to compliance resources, assistance by technical experts, information resources and laboratory and quarantine stations.4.Access to international negotiations, establishment of inquiry points and contact points in WTO to promote participation of Pakistan in multilateral negotiations.5. Balanced development of centralized quality control system and competitive market system for export.