wt lab manual

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INDEX

Sl.No Experiment Page No1. Introduction To Html 42. Write A Html Program For Feedback Form Of An Website 83. Introduction To Ordered , Unordered , Definition Lists 114. Write A Html Program To Explain About Ordered Lists And

Unordered Lists13

5. Introduction To Cascading Style Sheets 156. Write A Html Program To Explian About Different Stylesheets In

Html16

7. Introduction To Frames 208. Write A Html Program To Explian About Frames In Html? 229. Develop static pages (using Only HTML) of an online Book

store.The pages should resemble:www.amazon.com.The website should consists the following pages.Home pageRegistrationUser LoginBooks catalog

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10. Introduction To Java Script 3211. Write A Javascript Program Performing Differnt Mathematical

Operations33

12. Write A Javascript Program To Check Whether A Chechbox Is Checked Or Not And Displaying Text In The Text Field Entered

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13. Write A Javascript Program To Create Documents On The Fly 3714. Validate the Registration, user login, user profile and payment

by credit card pages using JavaScript.39

15. Introduction To Xml , Dtd 5016. Develop A DTD And A Xml Document For Employees In An

Organisation And Check Whether The Document Is Valid Or Not ?

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17. Create and save anXML document at the server,which contains 10users Information.write a Program,which takes user Id as an input and returns th User details by taking the user information from the XML document.

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18. Write A Program To Display Information From An Xml Document

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19. Install TOMCAT web server. Convert the static webpages of assignments 2 into dynamic webpages using servlets and cookies. Hint: Users information (user id, password, credit card number) would be stored in web.xml. Each user should have a separate Shopping Cart.

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20. Introduction To Servlets 75

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21. Program To Explain LifeCycle Of Servlet 7622. Program To Get Request Data From The Client 7923. Program To Explain Cookies Concept In Servlets 8224. Introduction To Session Managament 8925. Program To Explain Session Tracking In Servlets 9126. Introduction To Java Server Pages 9627. Program To Explain Accessing Java Beans From Java Server P

ages103

28. Redo the previous task using JSP by converting the static web pages of assignments 2 into dynamic web pages. Create a database with user information and books information and books information. The books catalogue should be dynamically loaded from the database. Follow the MVC architecture while doing the website.

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29. Implement the "Hello World!" program using JSP Struts Framework

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30. Program to show how to use Resultset to get data From database table

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31. Program to show how to use PreparedStatement to insert data into database table

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32. Program to explain ResultSetMetaData 126

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INTRODUCTION TO HTML :

What is HTML?

HTML is a language for describing web pages.

HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language HTML is not a programming language, it is a markup language A markup language is a set of markup tags HTML uses markup tags to describe web pages

HTML Tags :

HTML markup tags are usually called HTML tags

HTML tags are keywords surrounded by angle brackets like <html> HTML tags normally come in pairs like <b> and </b> The first tag in a pair is the start tag, the second tag is the end tag Start and end tags are also called opening tags and closing tags

HTML Documents = Web Pages

HTML documents describe web pages HTML documents contain HTML tags and plain text HTML documents are also called web pages

The purpose of a web browser (like Internet Explorer or Firefox) is to read HTML documents and display them as web pages. The browser does not display the HTML tags, but uses the tags to interpret the content of the page.

Tag Description

<html> Defines an HTML document

<body> Defines the document's body

<h1> to <h6> Defines header 1 to header 6

<hr /> Defines a horizontal rule

</script></head><body bgcolor=lightblue><form name="myForm"><input type="text" name="myText" value="hai how r u"><input type="button" name="button1" value="Button 1"onClick="first()"><br><input type="checkbox" name="myCheckbox" CHECKED><input type="button" name="button2" value="Button 2"onClick="second()"></form><p><br><br><script language="JavaScript"> 

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</script></body></html>

Output:

Program 8:

write a javascript program to create documents on the fly

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Code:

<html><head><script language="JavaScript"> </script></head><body><form><input type=button value="On-the-fly" onClick="openWin3()"></form></body></html>

Output:

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Program 9:

Develop static pages (using only HTML) of an online Book store. The pages should resemble :www.amazon.com. The website should consist the following pages.

Home page Registration and user Login User profile page Books catalog Shopping cart Payment by credit cardtt Order Conformation

Validate the Registration, user login, user profile and payment by credit card pages using JavaScript.

Code:

Main.html:

<frameset rows=”25%, 75 %”> <frame src=”top.html” name=”top”> <frameset cols=”25%,75%”> <frame src=”left.html” name=”left”> <frame src=”right.html” name=”right”> </frameset> </frameset>Top.html: <html> <body bgcolor=”pink”> <br><br> <marquee><h1 align=”center”><b><u>ONLINE BOOK STORAGE</u></b></h1></marquee> </body> </html>Right.html: <html> <body bgcolor=”pink”> <br><br><br><br><br> <h2 align=”center”> <b><p> welcome to online book storage. Press login if you are having id otherwise press registration. </p></b></h2></body></html>Left.html: <html> <body bgcolor=”pink”> <h3> <ul>

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<li><a href=”login.html” target=”right”><font color=”black”> LOGIN</font></a></li><br><br> <li><a href=”reg.html” target=”right”><font color=”black”> REGISTRATION</font></a></li><br><br> <li><a href=”profile.html” target=”right”><fontcolor=”black”> USER PROFILE</font></a></li><br><br> <li><a href=”catalog.html” target=”right”><fontcolor=”black”> BOOKS CATALOG</font></a></li><br><br> <li><a href=”scart.html” target=”right”><font color=”black”> SHOPPINGCART</font></a></li><br><br> <li><a href=”payment.html” target=”right”><fontcolor=”black”> PAYMENT</font></a></li><br><br> <li><a href=”order.html” target=”right”><font color=”black”> ORDER CONFIRMATION</font></a></li><br><br> </ul> </body> </html>login.html: <html> <body bgcolor=”pink”><br><br><br> <script language=”javascript”> function validate() { var flag=1; if(document.myform.id.value==”“||document.myform.pwd. value==” “) { flag=0; } if(flag==1) { alert(“VALID INPUT”); } else { alert(“INVALID INPUT”); document.myform.focus(); } } </script> <form name=”myform”> <div align=”center”><pre>

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LOGIN ID:<input type=”text” name=”id”><br> PASSWORD:<input type=”password” name=”pwd”> </pre><br><br> </div> <br><br> <div align=”center”> <input type=”submit” value=”ok” onClick=”validate()”>     <input type=”reset” value=”clear”> </form> </body> </html>

reg.html: <html> <body bgcolor=”pink”><br><br> <script language=”javascript”> function validate() { var flag=1; if(document.myform.name.value==””|| document.myform.addr.value==””|| document.myform.phno.value==””|| document.myform.id.value==””|| document.myform.pwd.value==””) { flag=0; } var str=document.myform.phno.value; var x; for(var i=0;i<str.length;i++) { x=str.substr(i,1) if(!(x<=9)) { flag=0; break; } } if(flag==1) { alert("VALID INPUT"); }

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else { alert("INVALID INPUT"); document.myform.focus(); } } </script> <form name="myform"> <div align="center"><pre> NAME :<input type="text" name="name"><br> ADDRESS :<input type="type" name="addr"><br> CONTACT NUMBER:<iput type="text" name="phno"><br> LOGINID :<input type="text" name="id"><br> PASSWORD :<input type="password" name="pwd"></pre><br><br> </div><br><br><div align="center"><input type="submit" value="ok" onClick="validate()">   <input type="reset" value="clear"></form></body></html>

catalog.html:<html><body bgcolor="pink"><br><br><br><div align="center"><pre>BOOK TITLE :<input type="text" name="title"><br></pre><br><br></div><br><br><div align="center"><input type="submit" value="ok" name="button1">    <input type="reset" value="clear" name="button2"></body></html>

order.html:<html><body bgcolor="pink"><br><br><br><div align="center"><pre>LOGIN ID :<input type="text" name="id"><br>

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TITLE :<input type="text" name="title"><br>NO.OF BOOKS :<input type="text" name="no"><br>COST OF BOOK:<input type="text"name="cost"><br>DATE :<input tpe="text" name="date"><br></pre><br><br></div><br><br><div align="center"><input type="submit" value="ok" name="button1">     <input type="reset" value="clear" name="button2"></body></html>

payment.html:<html><body bgcolor="pink"><br><br><br><script language="javascript">function validate(){var flag=1;if(document.myform.id.value==""||document.myform.pwd.value==""||document.myform.amount.value==""||document.myform.num.value==""){ flag=0;}var str=document.myform.amount.value;var x;for(var i=0;i<str.length;i++){x=str.substr(i,1);if(!(x<=9)){flag=0;break;}} str=document.myform.num.value;for(var i=0;i<str.lenght;i++){x=str.substr(i,1);if(!(x<=9))

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{flag=0;break;}}if(flag==1){alert("VALID INPUT");}else{alert("INVALID INPUT");document.myform.focus();}}</script><form name="myform"><div align="center"><pre>LOGIN ID :<input type="text" name="id"><br>PASSWORD :<input type="password" name="pwd"><br>AMOUNT :<input type="text" name="amount"><br>CREDITCARDNUMBER:<input type="PASSWORD" name="num+"><br></pre><br><br></div><br><br><div align="center"><input type="submit" value="ok" onClick="validate()">    <input type="reset" value="clear" ></form></body></html>

profile.html:<html><body bgcolor="pink"><br><br><br><script language="javascript">

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function validate(){var flag=1;if(document.myform.id.value==""||document.myform.pwd.value==""){flag=0;}if(flag==1){alert("VALID INPUT");}else{alert("INVALID INPUT");document.myform.focus();}}</script><form name="myform"><div align="center"><pre>LOGIN ID :<input type="text" name="id"><br>PASSWORD:<input type="password" name="pwd"></pre><br><br></div><br><br><div align="center"><input type="submit" value="ok" onClick="validate()">    <input type="reset" value="clear" ></form></body></html>

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INTRODUCTION TO XML,DTD :

XML:XML was designed to transport and store data.

HTML was designed to display data.

What is XML?

XML stands for EXtensible Markup Language XML is a markup language much like HTML XML was designed to carry data, not to display data XML tags are not predefined. You must define your own tags XML is designed to be self-descriptive XML is a W3C Recommendation

The Difference Between XML and HTML

XML is not a replacement for HTML.

XML and HTML were designed with different goals:

XML was designed to transport and store data, with focus on what data is.

HTML was designed to display data, with focus on how data looks.

HTML is about displaying information, while XML is about carrying information.

XML Does not DO Anything

Maybe it is a little hard to understand, but XML does not DO anything. XML was created to structure, store, and transport information.

The following example is a note to Tove from Jani, stored as XML:

<note><to>Tove</to><from>Jani</from><heading>Reminder</heading><body>Don't forget me this weekend!</body></note>

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The note above is quite self descriptive. It has sender and receiver information, it also has a heading and a message body.

But still, this XML document does not DO anything. It is just pure information wrapped in tags. Someone must write a piece of software to send, receive or display it.

XML is Just Plain Text

XML is nothing special. It is just plain text. Software that can handle plain text can also handle XML.

However, XML-aware applications can handle the XML tags specially. The functional meaning of the tags depends on the nature of the application.

With XML You Invent Your Own Tags

The tags in the example above (like <to> and <from>) are not defined in any XML standard. These tags are "invented" by the author of the XML document.

That is because the XML language has no predefined tags.

The tags used in HTML (and the structure of HTML) are predefined. HTML documents can only use tags defined in the HTML standard (like <p>, <h1>, etc.).

XML allows the author to define his own tags and his own document structure.

XML is Not a Replacement for HTML

XML is a complement to HTML.

It is important to understand that XML is not a replacement for HTML. In most web applications, XML is used to transport data, while HTML is used to format and display the data.

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XML is a software- and hardware-independent tool for carrying information.

XML is Everywhere

We have been participating in XML development since its creation. It has been amazing to see how quickly the XML standard has developed, and how quickly a large number of software vendors has adopted the standard.

XML is now as important for the Web as HTML was to the foundation of the Web.

XML is everywhere. It is the most common tool for data transmissions between all sorts of applications, and is becoming more and more popular in the area of storing and describing information.

XML Separates Data from HTML

If you need to display dynamic data in your HTML document, it will take a lot of work to edit the HTML each time the data changes.

With XML, data can be stored in separate XML files. This way you can concentrate on using HTML for layout and display, and be sure that changes in the underlying data will not require any changes to the HTML

XML Simplifies Data Sharing

In the real world, computer systems and databases contain data in incompatible formats.

XML data is stored in plain text format. This provides a software- and hardware-independent way of storing data.

This makes it much easier to create data that different applications can share.

XML Simplifies Data Transport

With XML, data can easily be exchanged between incompatible systems.

One of the most time-consuming challenges for developers is to exchange data between incompatible systems over the Internet.

Exchanging data as XML greatly reduces this complexity, since the data can be read by different incompatible applications.

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XML Simplifies Platform Changes

Upgrading to new systems (hardware or software platforms), is always very time consuming. Large amounts of data must be converted and incompatible data is often lost.

XML data is stored in text format. This makes it easier to expand or upgrade to new operating systems, new applications, or new browsers, without losing data.

XML Makes Your Data More Available

Since XML is independent of hardware, software and application, XML can make your data more available and useful.

Different applications can access your data, not only in HTML pages, but also from XML data sources.

With XML, your data can be available to all kinds of "reading machines" (Handheld computers, voice machines, news feeds, etc), and make it more available for blind people, or people with other disabilities.

XML is Used to Create New Internet Languages

A lot of new Internet languages are created with XML.

Here are some examples:

XHTML the latest version of HTML WSDL for describing available web services WAP and WML as markup languages for handheld devices RSS languages for news feeds RDF and OWL for describing resources and ontology SMIL for describing multimedia for the web

DTD :

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A Document Type Definition (DTD) defines the legal building blocks of an XML document. It defines the document structure with a list of legal elements and attributes.

A DTD can be declared inline inside an XML document, or as an external reference.

Internal DTD Declaration

If the DTD is declared inside the XML file, it should be wrapped in a DOCTYPE definition with the following syntax:

<!DOCTYPE root-element [element-declarations]>

External DTD Declaration

If the DTD is declared in an external file, it should be wrapped in a DOCTYPE definition with the following syntax:

<!DOCTYPE root-element SYSTEM "filename">

Why Use a DTD?

With a DTD, each of your XML files can carry a description of its own format.

With a DTD, independent groups of people can agree to use a standard DTD for interchanging data.

Your application can use a standard DTD to verify that the data you receive from the outside world is valid.

You can also use a DTD to verify your own data.

Program 10:

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Develop a DTD and a xml document for employees in an organisation and check whether the document is valid or not ?

Code:

Emps.dtd:-

<!ENTITY % text "#PCDATA"><!ELEMENT emps (emp+,dept)><!ELEMENT emp (name,sal,desig)><!ELEMENT name (first-name,last-name)><!ELEMENT first-name (%text;)><!ELEMENT last-name (%text;)><!ELEMENT sal (%text;)><!ELEMENT desig (%text;)><!ELEMENT dept (dept-name,desc)><!ELEMENT dept-name (%text;)><!ELEMENT desc (%text;)><!ATTLIST emp empno ID #REQUIRED><!ATTLIST emp managerid IDREF #IMPLIED><!ATTLIST emp working (yes | no) 'yes'><!ATTLIST dept deptno ID #REQUIRED>

Emp.xml:-

<?xml version="1.0"?><!DOCTYPE emps SYSTEM "emps.dtd" ><emps> <emp empno="e201" working="yes"> <name> <first-name> raj </first-name> <last-name> kumar </last-name> </name> <sal>4400.0</sal> <desig> engineer </desig> </emp> <emp empno="e102" managerid="e201" working="yes"> <name> <first-name> durga </first-name> <last-name> rao </last-name> </name> <sal>16500.0</sal> <desig> manager </desig> </emp> <dept deptno="d101"> <dept-name> SCIENCE </dept-name>

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<desc> Developes science projects </desc> </dept></emps>

validateDocument.java:-

import java.io.*;import org.w3c.dom.*;import com.ibm.xml.parser.*;public class ValidateDocument{

public static void main(String s[])throws Exception{

FileInputStream fis=new FileInputStream(s[0]);Parser p=new Parser("errors");p.readStream(fis);System.out.println("document validated");

}}

Output:

Javac ValidateDocument.java

Java ValidateDocument

If there are no errors in xml document the you will get“ document validated “ messageOtherwise you will get the errors in your xml document

Program 11:

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Create and save anXML document at the server,which contains 10 users Information.write a

Program,which takes user Id as an input and returns the User details by taking the user

information from the XML document.

PROCEDURE:

Step 1:

Copy xmlbeans – current-src.zip to a directory(E:\tr)

Then extract the content of above jar file using the following command

E:\tr> jar XVF Xmlbeans-current-src.zip

Step 2:

Search for the ant tool for complining all the extracted java files and set that to path

Set Path=C:\j2sdkee1.4\bin;%Path%;

Step 3:

Move to the directory Xmlbeans-1.0.3 make sure that there is no folder with the name

build.

Then give the command

E:\tr\Xmlbeans-1.0.3>ant

As part of the Xmlbeans-1.0.3/bin we get the tool called scomp(schema compiler)

Step 4:

Create the Xml directory in E:\

Then given the command

E:\Xmlb>set path=E:\tr\Xmlbeans-1.0.3\bin;%path%

E:\Xmlb>scomp

No error means Xmlbeans is loaded correctly.

Create src,cls directories under Xmlb.

Step 5:

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Open the Xmlspy>file>new>xsdfile>ok

Schema design > schema setting>

Select notarget namespace

Give the root element name as user then right click and select add child/sequence then right click select add child/element and give the name as user id repeat this,and add the elements as

Userid User— name

Address --------- city

State

Save this as user.xsd in E:\xmlb directory

E:\xmlb>scomp--- srg –d cls user.xsd

Output:

1 XYZ

III I.T Rajahmundry

A.P

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Program 12:

write a program to display information from an xml document

Code:

import org.w3c.dom.*;import com.ibm.xml.parser.*;import java.io.*;public class GetEmpDetails{


Parser p=new Parser("myerrors");TXDocument td=p.readStream(new FileInputStream(s[0]));Element emps=td.getDocumentElement();NodeList emps_childs=emps.getChildNodes();int len=emps_childs.getLength();for(int i=0;i<len;i++){

Node emps_child=emps_childs.item(i);if(emps_child.getNodeType()==Node.ELEMENT_NODE){

if(emps_child.getNodeName().equals("emp")){

Element emp=(Element)emps_child;NodeList

nl=emp.getElementsByTagName("name");

Element name=(Element)nl.item(0);

Node first_name=(name.getElementsByTagName("first-name")).item(0);

Node first_name_text=(first_name.getChildNodes()).item(0);

System.out.print(first_name_text.getNodeValue()+"\t");Node

last_name=(name.getElementsByTagName("last-name")).item(0);Node

last_name_text=(last_name.getChildNodes()).item(0);

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System.out.print(last_name_text.getNodeValue()+"\t");Node

sal=(emp.getElementsByTagName("sal")).item(0);Node

sal_text=(sal.getChildNodes()).item(0);System.out.print(sal_text.getNodeValue()

+"\t");

System.out.print(emp.getAttribute("empno"));}

}System.out.println("\n");

}}

}

Output:

javac GetEmpDetails.java

java GetEmpDetails

raj kumar 4400 e201

durga rao 16500 e102

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Program 13:

Install TOMCAT web server. Convert the static webpages of assignments 2 into dynamic webpages using servlets and cookies. Hint: Users information (user id, password, credit card number) would be stored in web.xml. Each user should have a separate Shopping Cart.

PROCEDURE:

First install the tomcat into the system.Then make a subdirectly(eg., tr) in the \tomcat\webapps.Under tr create WEB-INF directory and also place the html files in this tr directory only.Next under WEB-INF create two subclasses lib,classes and web.xmlNext place all the class files under the classes and jar files(servlet-api.jar,classes12.jar etc…) under lib subdirectories.After this start tomcat by giving the following command at the instll_dir>tomcat>binCatalina.bat runAt the I.E(web browser) give the url as http;//localhost:8080//tr/htmlfile or servlet url patternPortno 8080 is assigned for the tomcat.

Web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-1"?><!DOCTYPE web-appPUBLIC "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN""http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd"><web-app>

<display-name>Servlet 2.4 Examples</display-name><description>Servlet 2.4 Examples.</description><servlet>

<servlet-name>reg</servlet-name><servlet-class>reg</servlet-class>

</servlet><servlet>

<servlet-name>login</servlet-name><servlet-class>login</servlet-class>

</servlet><servlet>

<servlet-name>profile</servlet-name><servlet-class>profile</servlet-class>

</servlet><servlet>

<servlet-name>catalog</servlet-name><servlet-class>catalog</servlet-class>

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<servlet-mapping><servlet-name>order</servlet-name><url-p</servlet>

<servlet><servlet-name>order</servlet-name><servlet-class>order</servlet-class>

</servlet>attern>order</url-pattern></servlet-mapping><servlet-mapping>

<servlet-name>catalog</servlet-name><url-pattern>catalog</url-pattern>

</servlet-mapping><servlet-mapping>

<servlet-name>profile</servlet-name><url-pattern>profile</url-pattern>


<servlet-name>login</servlet-name><url-pattern>login</url-pattern>


<servlet-name>reg</servlet-name><url-pattern>reg</url-pattern>

</servlet-mapping></web-app>

Main.html

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><body bgcolor="pink"><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><h1 align="center"><U>ONLINE BOOK STORAGE</U></h1><br /><br /><br /><h2 align="center"><pre><b>Welcome to online book storage.Press LOGIN if you are having idotherwise press REGISTRATION</b></pre></h2><br /><br /><pre><div align="center"><a href="/tr/login.html">LOGIN</a> <a href="/tr/reg.html">REGISTRATION</a></div></pre></body></html>

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Login.html

<html><body bgcolor="pink"><br /><br /><br /><form name="myform" method="post" action="/tr/login"><div align="center"><pre>LOGIN ID :<input type="text" name="id" /><br />PASSWORD :<input type="password" name="pwd" /></pre><br /><br /></div><br /><br /><div align="center"><input type="submit" value="ok" onclick="validate()" />      <input type="reset" value="clear" /></div></form></body></html>

Reg.html

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><body bgcolor="pink"><br /><br /><form name="myform" method="post" action="/tr/reg"><div align="center"><pre>NAME :<input type="text" name="name" /><br />ADDRESS :<input type="text" name="addr" /><br />CONTACT NUMBER :<input type="text" name="phno" /><br />LOGINID :<input type="text" name="id" /><br />PASSWORD :<input type="password" name="pwd" /></pre><br /><br /></div><br /><br /><div align="center"><input type="submit" value="ok" onclick="validate()" />      <input type="reset" value="clear" /></div></form></body></html>

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Profile.html

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><body bgcolor="pink"><br /><br /><br /><form name="myform" method="post" action="/tr/profile"><div align="center"><pre>LOGIN ID :<input type="text" name="id" /><br /></pre><br /><br /></div><br /><br /><div align="center"><input type="submit" value="ok" onclick="validate()" />      <input type="reset" value="clear" /></div></form></body></html>

Catalog.html

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><body bgcolor="pink"><br /><br /><br /><form method="post" action="/tr/catalog"><div align="center"><pre>BOOK TITLE :<input type="text" name="title" /><br /></pre><br /><br /></div><br /><br /><div align="center"><input type="submit" value="ok" name="button1"/>      <input type="reset" value="clear" name="button2"/></div></form></body></html>

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Order.html

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

<body bgcolor="pink"><br /><br /><form method="post" action="/tr/reg"><div align="center"><pre>NAME :<input type="text" name="name" /><br />PASSWORD :<input type="password" name="pwd" />TITLE :<input type="text" name="title" /><br />NO. OF BOOKS :<input type="text" name="no" /><br />DATE :<input type="text" name="date" /><br />CREDIT CARD NUMBER:<input type="password" name="cno" /><br /></pre><br /><br /></div><br /><br /><div align="center"><input type="submit" value="ok" name="button1"/>      <input type="reset" value="clear" name="button2"/></div></form></body></html>

Login.java

import java.sql.*;import java.io.*;import java.util.*;import javax.servlet.*;import javax.servlet.http.*;public class login extends HttpServlet{

public void service(HttpServletRequest req,HttpServletResponse resp)throws ServletException,IOException{

PrintWriter pw=resp.getWriter();pw.println("<html><body bgcolor=\"pink\");String id=req.getParamenter("id");String pwd=req.getParameter("pwd");try{

Driver d=new oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver();

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DriverManager.registerDriver(d);Connection

con=DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:orcl","scott","tiger");Statement stmt=con.createStatement();String sqlstmt="select id,password from login";ResultSet rs=stmt.executeQuery(sqlstmt);int flag=0;while(rs.next()){

if(id.equal(rs.getString(1))&&pwd.equals(rs.getString(2))){

flag=1;}

}if(flag==0){

pw.println("SORRY INVALID ID TRY AGAIN ID<br><br>");pw.println("<a href=\"/tr/login.html\">press LOGIN to RETRY</a>");

}else{

pw.println("VALID LOGIN ID<br><br>");pw.println("<h3><ul>");pw.println("<li><ahref=\"profile.html\"><fontcolor=\"black\">USER PROFILE</font> </a></li><br><br>");

pw.println("<li><ahref=\"catalog.html\"><fontcolor=\"black\">BOOKS CATALOG</font></a></li><br><br>");pw.println("<li><ahref=\"order.html\"><fontcolor=\"black\">ORDER CONFIRMATION</font> </a></li><br><br>");}pw.println("</body></html>");

}catch(Exception e){

resp.sendError(500,e.toString());}

}}

Reg.java

66



PrintWriter pw=resp.getWriter();pw.println("<html><body bgcolor=\"pink\");String name=req.getParamenter("name");String addr=req.getParameter("addr");String phno=req.getParameter("phno");String id=req.getParamenter("id");String pwd=req.getParameter("pwd");int no=Integer.parseInt(phno);try{

Driver d=new oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver();DriverManager.registerDriver(d);Connection con=DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:orcl","scott","tiger");Statement stmt=con.createStatement();String sqlstmt="select id,password from login";ResultSet rs=stmt.executeQuery(sqlstmt);int flag=0;while(rs.next()){

if(id.equal(rs.getString(1))&&pwd.equals(rs.getString(2))){

flag=1;}

}if(flag==1){pw.println("SORRY INVALID ID ALREADY EXITS TRY AGAIN WITH NEW ID<br><br>");

pw.println("<a href=\"/tr/reg.html\">press REGISTER to RETRY</a>");}else{

67

Statement stmt1=con.createStatement();stmt1.executeUpdate("insertintologin values("+names","+addr+","+no+","+id+","+pwd+")");pw.println("YOUR DETAILS ARE ENTERED<br><br>");pw.println("<a href=\"/tr/login.html\">press LOGIN to login</a>");

}pw.println("</body></html>");



}}

Catlog.java



PrintWriter pw=resp.getWriter();pw.println("<html><body bgcolor=\"pink\");String title=req.getParameter("title");try{

Driver d=new oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver();DriverManager.registerDriver(d);Connection con=DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:orcl","scott","tiger");Statement stmt=con.createStatement();String sqlstmt="select id,password from login";ResultSet rs=stmt.executeQuery(sqlstmt);int flag=0;while(rs.next()){

pw.println(",div align=\"center\">");

68

pw.println("TITLE :"+rs.getString(1)+"<br>");pw.println("AUTHOR :"+rs.getString(2)+"<br>");pw.println("VERSION :"+rs.getString(3)+"<br>");pw.println("PUBLISHER :"+rs.getString(4)+"<br>");pw.println("COST :"+rs.getString(5)+"<br>");pw.println("</div");flag=1;

}if(flag==0){

pw.println("SORRY INVALID TITLE TRY AGAIN <br><br>");pw.println("<a href=\"/tr/catalog.html\">press HERE to RETRY</a>");




}}

Profile.java



PrintWriter pw=resp.getWriter();pw.println("<html><body bgcolor=\"pink\");String id=req.getParamenter("id");try{

Driver d=new oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver();DriverManager.registerDriver(d);Connection con=DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:oracle:thin:

@localhost:1521:orcl","scott","tiger");Statement stmt=con.createStatement();

69

String sqlstmt="select * from login where id="+id+"";ResultSet rs=stmt.executeQuery(sqlstmt);int flag=0;pw.println("<br><br><br>");while(rs.next()){

pw.println("<div align=\"center\">");pw.println("NAME :"+rs.getString(1)+"<br>");pw.println("ADDRESS :"+rs.getString(2)+"<br>");pw.println("PHONE NO :"+rs.getString(3)+"<br>");pw.println("</div>");flag=1;

}if(flag==0){

pw.println("SORRY INVALID ID TRY AGAIN ID<br><br>");pw.println("<a href=\"/tr/profile.html\">press HERE to RETRY</a>");




}}

Order.java



PrintWriter pw=resp.getWriter();pw.println("<html><body bgcolor=\"pink\");String id=req.getParamenter("id");String pwd=req.getParameter("pwd");String title=req.getParameter("title");

70

String count1=req.getParameter("no");String date=req.getParameter("date");String cno=req.getParameter("cno");int count=Integer.parseInt(count1);try{

Driver d=new oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver();DriverManager.registerDriver(d);Connection con=DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:orcl","scott","tiger");Statement stmt=con.createStatement();String sqlstmt="select id,password from login";ResultSet rs=stmt.executeQuery(sqlstmt);int flag=0,amount,x;while(rs.next()){

if(id.equals(rs.getString(1))&&pwd.equals(rs.getString(2))){

flag=1;}

}if(flag==0){

pw.println("SORRY INVALID ID TRY AGAIN ID<br><br>");pw.println("<a href=\\"/tr/order.html\\">press HERE to RETRY</a>");

}else{

Statement stmt2=con.createStatement();String s="select cost from book where title="+title+"";ResultSet rs1=stmt2.executeQuery(s);int flag1=0;while(rs1.next()){

flag1=1;x=Integer.parseInt(rs1.getString(1));amount=count*x;pw.println("AMOUNT :"+amount+"<br><br><br><br>");Statement stmt1=con.createStatement();stmt1.executeUpdate("insertintodetails values('"+id+",'"+title+"'+amount+'","'+cno+'")"');pw.println("YOUR ORDER has taken<br>");

71

}if(flag1==0){

pw.println("SORRY INVALID ID TRY AGAIN ID<br><br>");pw.println("<a href=\\"/tr/order.html\\">press HERE to RETRY</a>");

}}pw.println("</body></html>");con.close();



}

Output:

72

73

74

INTRODUCTION TO SERVLETS:

What Is a Servlet?

A servlet is a Java programming language class that is used to extend the capabilities of servers that host applications access via a request-response programming model. Although servlets can respond to any type of request, they are commonly used to extend the applications hosted by web servers. For such applications, Java Servlet technology defines HTTP-specific servlet classes.

The javax.servlet and javax.servlet.http packages provide interfaces and classes for writing servlets. All servlets must implement the Servlet interface, which defines life-cycle methods. When implementing a generic service, you can use or extend the GenericServlet class provided with the Java Servle API. The HttpServlet class provides methods, such as doGet and doPost, for handling HTTP-specific services.

Servlet Life Cycle

The life cycle of a servlet is controlled by the container in which the servlet has been deployed. When a request is mapped to a servlet, the container performs the following steps.

1. If an instance of the servlet does not exist, the web containera. Loads the servlet class.b. Creates an instance of the servlet class.c. Initializes the servlet instance by calling the init method. Initialization is

covered in Initializing a Servlet.2. Invokes the service method, passing request and response objects..

If the container needs to remove the servlet, it finalizes the servlet by calling the servlet's destroy method.

75

Program 14:

Program To Explain LifeCycle Of Servlet

Code:

hello.html:-

<html><body>

<center><u><h3>Program to demonstrate lifecycle of servlet</h3></u></center>

<form method="get" action="sayhello"><input type="submit" value="HELLO"/>

</form></body>

</html>

/WEB-INF/web.xml:-

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN" "http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd"><web-app>  <servlet> <servlet-name>HS</servlet-name> <servlet-class>com.nit.hello.HelloServlet</servlet-class> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>HS</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/sayhello</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> </web-app>

/WEB-INF/classes/HelloServlet.java:-

76

package com.nit.hello;import javax.servlet.*;import java.io.*;public class HelloServlet implements Servlet{

ServletConfig sc;public void init(ServletConfig sc)throws ServletException{

System.out.println("in init method ");this.sc=sc;

}public void service(ServletRequest req,ServletResponse res)throws

ServletException,IOException{

System.out.println("in service method");PrintWriter out=res.getWriter();out.println("<b> Hello from first servlet </b> ");

}public void destroy(){

System.out.println("in destroy method");}public ServletConfig getServletConfig(){

return sc;}public String getServletInfo(){

return "helloservlet";}

}

Output:

77

ServletRequest :-

78

Servlet container takes the request related data from the protocol adapter and sets them into the ServletRequest object

ServletRequest object represents the request related data(i.e., usong this object we can interact with container and get request related information )

Methods of ServletRequest object for retrieving request related information:-

String getParameter(String) Enumeration getPrameterNames() String[] getParameterValues(String)

Program 15:

Program To Get Request Data From The Client

Code:

form.html:-

<html><body>

<center><u><h3>Program to get the request data from the client</h3></u></center>

<form method="get" action="s1">First-Name:   <input type="text"

name="firstname"/><br/><br/>Last-Name:    <input type="text"

name="lastname"/><br/><br/>Father-Name: <input type="text"

name="fathername"/><br/><br/><input type="submit" value="submit"/>

</form></body>

</html>

/WEB-INF/web.xml:-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>

79

<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN" "http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd"><web-app>  <servlet> <servlet-name>HS</servlet-name> <servlet-class>com.nit.reqdata.RequestData</servlet-class> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>HS</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/s1</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> </web-app>

/WEB-INF/classes/RequestData.java:-package com.nit.reqdata;import java.io.*;import javax.servlet.*;public class RequestData extends GenericServlet{ public void service(ServletRequest req,ServletResponse res)throws ServletException,IOException

{ String fn=req.getParameter("firstname");String ln=req.getParameter("lastname");String fathername=req.getParameter("fathername");res.setContentType("text/html");PrintWriter pw=res.getWriter();pw.println("<html><body>");pw.println("<center><u><h3>Program to get the request data from the

client</h3></u></center>");pw.println("<center><u><h3>The Given Information are</h3></u></center>");pw.println("FirstName:  "+fn+"<br/>");pw.println("LastName:  "+ln+"<br/>");pw.println("FatherName:  "+fathername+"<br/>");pw.println("</html></body>");

}}Output:

80

Cookies:-

81

Cookie is a small data unit which can be saved into client machine .cookies are supported by HTTP protocol i.e., the client side http adapter can take the instructions from the server(in the response message) and save the data given by the server.

Each and every cookie consist of following information:-

name of the cookie

value of the cookie

maximum age(or time) a cookie can be alive on client machine

path

domain name

To present this cookie information to the servlet , servlet container uses javax.servlet.http.Cookie abstract class

In HttpServletRequest class the following method is used to get the cookies associated with current request :-

Cookie[] getCookies()

In HttpServletResponse class the following method is used to add a cookie to the response:-

addCookie(cookie)

some of the methods Cookie class are :-

String getName() - returns the name of the cookie

String getValue() - returns the value of the cookie

setMaxage(int) - sets the maximum time for which the cookie is alive on the client

int getMaxage() – gets maxium age of a cookie

Program 16:

82

Program to explain cookies concept in servlets

Code:

Firstform.html:-

<html><body>

<center><u><h3>Program to demonstrate use of Cookies</h3></u></center>

<form method="get" action="ser1"><center><h3> <u>Enter cookie name and values

</u></h3></center> Cookie1-name:<input type="text"

name="cookieonename"/>   Cookie1-value:<input type="text"

name="cookieonevalue"/><br/>Cookie2-name:<input type="text"

name="cookietwoname"/>   Cookie2-value:<input type="text"

name="cookietwovalue"/><br/><br/><input type="submit" value="submit"/>

</form></body></html>

secondform.html:-

<html><body>

<center><u><h3>Program to demonstrate use of Cookies</h3></u></center>

<form method="get" action="ser2"><br/><br/><br/>

<center><h3> <u><a href="ser2">Click here to view the added cookies</a> </u></h3></center>

</form>

</body></html>

/WEB-INF/web.xml:-

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><!DOCTYPE web-app

83

PUBLIC "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN" "http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd"><web-app>  <servlet> <servlet-name>servlet1</servlet-name> <servlet-class>FirstServlet</servlet-class> </servlet> <servlet> <servlet-name>servlet2</servlet-name> <servlet-class>SecondServlet</servlet-class> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>servlet1</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/ser1</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping>

<servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>servlet2</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/ser2</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> </web-app>

/WEB-INF/classes/FirstServlet.java:-

import java.io.*;import javax.servlet.*;import javax.servlet.http.*;public class FirstServlet extends HttpServlet{

public void doGet(HttpServletRequest req,HttpServletResponse res)throws ServletException,IOException

{res.setContentType("text/html");

PrintWriter pw=res.getWriter();

String cookieonename=req.getParameter("cookieonename");String cookietwoname=req.getParameter("cookietwoname");String

cookieonevalue=req.getParameter("cookieonevalue");String

cookietwovalue=req.getParameter("cookietwovalue");Cookie c1=new Cookie(cookieonename,cookieonevalue);

84

Cookie c2=new Cookie(cookietwoname,cookietwovalue);res.addCookie(c1);res.addCookie(c2);

RequestDispatcher rd=req.getRequestDispatcher("/SecondForm.html");

rd.forward(req,res);}

}/WEB-INF/classes/SecondServlet.java:-import java.io.*;import javax.servlet.*;import javax.servlet.http.*;public class SecondServlet extends HttpServlet{


{res.setContentType("text/html");PrintWriter pw=res.getWriter();pw.println("<html><body>");pw.println("<center><u><h3>Program to demonstrate Use

of Cookies</h3></u></center>");pw.println("<center><u><h3>The Added Cookies

are</h3></u></center>");Cookie c[]=req.getCookies();for(int i=0;i<c.length;i++){

pw.println("CookieName:  "+c[i].getName()+"  ");

pw.println("cookievalue:  "+c[i].getValue());pw.println("<br/><br/>");

}pw.println("<br/><br/><br/><br/>");

pw.println("<center><h3> <u><a href=\"./FirstForm.html\">Click here to add more cookies</a> </u></h3></center>");

pw.println("</html></body>");}

}

Output:

85

86

87

88

INTRODUCTION TO SESSION MANAGAMENT :Maintaining Client State

Many applications require that a series of requests from a client be associated with one another. Web-based applications are responsible for maintaining such state, called a session, because HTTP is stateless. To support applications that need to maintain state, Java servlet technology provides an API for managing sessions and allows several mechanisms for implementing sessions.

Accessing a Session

Sessions are represented by an HttpSession object. You access a session by calling the getSession method of a request object. This method returns the current session associated with this request, or, if the request does not have a session, it creates one.

Associating Objects with a Session

You can associate object-valued attributes with a session by name. Such attributes are accessible by any web component that belongs to the same web context and is handling a request that is part of the same session.

Notifying Objects That Are Associated with a Session

Recall that your application can notify web context and session listener objects of servlet life-cycle events (Handling Servlet Life-Cycle Events). You can also notify objects of certain events related to their association with a session such as the following:

When the object is added to or removed from a session. To receive this notification, your object must implement the javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionBindingListener interface.

When the session to which the object is attached will be passivated or activated. A session will be passivated or activated when it is moved between virtual machines or saved to and restored from persistent storage. To receive this notification, your object must implement the javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionActivationListener interface.

Session Management

Because there is no way for an HTTP client to signal that it no longer needs a session, each session has an associated timeout so that its resources can be reclaimed. The timeout period can be accessed by using a session's [get|set]MaxInactiveInterval methods.

89

To ensure that an active session is not timed out, you should periodically access the session via service methods because this resets the session's time-to-live counter.

When a particular client interaction is finished, you use the session's invalidate method to invalidate a session on the server side and remove any session data.

Session Tracking

A web container can use several methods to associate a session with a user, all of which involve passing an identifier between the client and the server. The identifier can be maintained on the client as a cookie, or the web component can include the identifier in every URL that is returned to the client.

If your application uses session objects, you must ensure that session tracking is enabled by having the application rewrite URLs whenever the client turns off cookies. You do this by calling the response's encodeURL(URL) method on all URLs returned by a servlet. This method includes the session ID in the URL only if cookies are disabled; otherwise, it returns the URL unchanged.

90

Program 17:

Program to explain session tracking in servlets

Code :

Firstform.html:-

<html><body>

<center><u><h3>Program to demonstrate Session Tracking</h3></u></center>

<form method="get" action="ser1">

First-Name:   <input type="text" name="firstname"/><br/><br/>

Last-Name:    <input type="text" name="lastname"/><br/><br/>

Father-Name: <input type="text" name="fathername"/><br/><br/>

<input type="submit" value="submit"/></form>

</body></html>

Secondform.html:-

<html><body>

<center><u><h3>Program to demonstrate Session Tracking-Second Form</h3></u></center>

<form method="get" action="ser2">

DateofBirth: <input type="text" name="dob"/><br/><br/><br/>

Address:    <textarea name="address" cols="20" rows="5"></textarea><br/><br/>

<input type="submit" value="submit"/></form>

</body></html>

91

/WEB-INF/web.xml:-

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN" "http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd"><web-app>  <servlet> <servlet-name>servlet1</servlet-name> <servlet-class>FirstServlet</servlet-class> </servlet> <servlet> <servlet-name>servlet2</servlet-name> <servlet-class>SecondServlet</servlet-class> </servlet>

<servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>servlet1</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/ser1</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>servlet2</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/ser2</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> </web-app>


import java.io.*;import javax.servlet.*;import javax.servlet.http.*;public class FirstServlet extends HttpServlet{


{res.setContentType("text/html");PrintWriter pw=res.getWriter();HttpSession hs=req.getSession();String firstname=req.getParameter("firstname");String lastname=req.getParameter("lastname");String fathername=req.getParameter("fathername");hs.setAttribute("firstname",firstname);hs.setAttribute("lastname",lastname);

92

hs.setAttribute("fathername",fathername);RequestDispatcher

rd=req.getRequestDispatcher("/SecondForm.html");rd.forward(req,res);

}}


import java.io.*;import javax.servlet.*;import javax.servlet.http.*;public class SecondServlet extends HttpServlet{


{res.setContentType("text/html");PrintWriter pw=res.getWriter();HttpSession hs=req.getSession();String dob=req.getParameter("dob");String address=req.getParameter("address");String firstname=(String)hs.getAttribute("firstname");String lastname=(String)hs.getAttribute("lastname");String

fathername=(String)hs.getAttribute("fathername");pw.println("<html><body>");pw.println("<center><u><h3>Program to demonstrate

Session Tracking</h3></u></center>");pw.println("<center><h3>The Details Given by you

are</h3></center>");pw.println("First Name

is:<h3>"+firstname+"</h3><br/>");pw.println("Last Name is:<h3>"+lastname+"</h3><br/>");pw.println("Father name

is:<h3>"+fathername+"</h3><br/>");pw.println("Date of Birth:<h3>"+dob+"</h3><br/>");pw.println("address is:<h3>"+address+"</h3><br/>");

}}

93

Output :

94

95

INTRODUCTION TO JAVA SERVER PAGES :

What Is a JSP Page?

A JSP page is a text document that contains two types of text: static data, which can be expressed in any text-based format (such as HTML, SVG, WML, and XML, and JSP elements, which construct dynamic content.

The recommended file extension for the source file of a JSP page is .jsp. The page can be composed of a top file that includes other files that contain either a complete JSP page or a fragment of a JSP page. The recommended extension for the source file of a fragment of a JSP page is .jspf.

The JSP elements in a JSP page can be expressed in two syntaxes--standard and XML--though any given file can use only one syntax. A JSP page in XML syntax is an XML document and can be manipulated by tools and APIs for XML documents.

The Life Cycle of a JSP Page

A JSP page services requests as a servlet. Thus, the life cycle and many of the capabilities of JSP pages (in particular the dynamic aspects) are determined by Java Servlet technology.

When a request is mapped to a JSP page, the web container first checks whether the JSP page's servlet is older than the JSP page. If the servlet is older, the web container translates the JSP page into a servlet class and compiles the class. During development, one of the advantages of JSP pages over servlets is that the build process is performed automatically.

Translation and Compilation

During the translation phase each type of data in a JSP page is treated differently. Static data is transformed into code that will emit the data into the response stream. JSP elements are treated as follows:

Directives are used to control how the web container translates and executes the JSP page.

Scripting elements are inserted into the JSP page's servlet class. See Chapter 16 for details.

Expression language expressions are passed as parameters to calls to the JSP expression evaluator.

jsp:[set|get]Property elements are converted into method calls to JavaBeans components.

http://java.sun.com/j2ee/1.4/docs/tutorial/doc/JSPAdvanced.html#wp65706

96

jsp:[include|forward] elements are converted into invocations of the Java Servlet API.

The jsp:plugin element is converted into browser-specific markup for activating an applet.

Both the translation and the compilation phases can yield errors that are observed only when the page is requested for the first time. If an error is encountered during either phase, the server will return JasperException and a message that includes the name of the JSP page and the line where the error occurred.

After the page has been translated and compiled, the JSP page's servlet (for the most part) follows the servlet life cycle described in Servlet Life Cycle:

1. If an instance of the JSP page's servlet does not exist, the containera. Loads the JSP page's servlet classb. Instantiates an instance of the servlet classc. Initializes the servlet instance by calling the jspInit method

2. The container invokes the _jspService method, passing request and response objects.

If the container needs to remove the JSP page's servlet, it calls the jspDestroy method.

Execution

You can control various JSP page execution parameters by using page directives. The directives that pertain to buffering output and handling errors are discussed here. Other directives are covered in the context of specific page-authoring tasks throughout the chapter.

Buffering

When a JSP page is executed, output written to the response object is automatically buffered. You can set the size of the buffer using the following page directive:

<%@ page buffer="none|xxxkb" %>

A larger buffer allows more content to be written before anything is actually sent back to the client, thus providing the JSP page with more time to set appropriate status codes and headers or to forward to another web resource. A smaller buffer decreases server memory load and allows the client to start receiving data more quickly.

97

Handling Errors Any number of exceptions can arise when a JSP page is executed. To specify that the web container should forward control to an error page if an exception occurs, include the following page directive at the beginning of your JSP page:

<%@ page errorPage="file_name" %>

The following page directive at the beginning of JSP page indicates that it is serving as an error page

<%@ page isErrorPage="true" %>

JavaBeans Components

JavaBeans components are Java classes that can be easily reused and composed together into applications. Any Java class that follows certain design conventions is a JavaBeans component.

JavaServer Pages technology directly supports using JavaBeans components with standard JSP language elements. You can easily create and initialize beans and get and set the values of their properties.

JavaBeans Component Design Conventions JavaBeans component design conventions govern the properties of the class and govern the public methods that give access to the properties. A JavaBeans component property can be

Read/write, read-only, or write-only Simple, which means it contains a single value, or indexed, which means it

represents an array of values

A property does not have to be implemented by an instance variable. It must simply be accessible using public methods that conform to the following conventions:

For each readable property, the bean must have a method of the form PropertyClass getProperty() { ... }

For each writable property, the bean must have a method of the form setProperty(PropertyClass pc) { ... }

In addition to the property methods, a JavaBeans component must define a constructor that takes no parameters.

98

Creating and Using a JavaBeans Component

To declare that your JSP page will use a JavaBeans component, you use a jsp:useBean element. There are two forms:

<jsp:useBean id="beanName" class="fully_qualified_classname" scope="scope"/>

and

<jsp:useBean id="beanName" class="fully_qualified_classname" scope="scope"> <jsp:setProperty .../></jsp:useBean>

The second form is used when you want to include jsp:setProperty statements, described in the next section, for initializing bean properties.

The jsp:useBean element declares that the page will use a bean that is stored within and is accessible from the specified scope, which can be application, session, request, or page. If no such bean exists, the statement creates the bean and stores it as an attribute of the scope object .The value of the id attribute determines the name of the bean in the scope and the identifier used to reference the bean in EL expressions, other JSP elements, and scripting expressions.). The value supplied for the class attribute must be a fully qualified class name. Note that beans cannot be in the unnamed package. Thus the format of the value must be package_name.class_name.

The following element creates an instance of mypkg.myLocales if none exists, stores it as an attribute of the application scope, and makes the bean available throughout the application by the identifier locales:

<jsp:useBean id="locales" scope="application" class="mypkg.MyLocales"/>

Setting JavaBeans Component Properties

The standard way to set JavaBeans component properties in a JSP page is by using the jsp:setProperty element. The syntax of the jsp:setProperty element depends on the source of the property value. Table 12-3 summarizes the various ways to set a property of a JavaBeans component using the jsp:setProperty element.

Table 12-3 Valid Bean Property Assignments from String Values

99

Value Source Element Syntax

String constant

<jsp:setProperty name="beanName"

property="propName" value="string constant"/>

Request parameter <jsp:setProperty name="beanName"

property="propName" param="paramName"/>

Request parameter name that matches bean property


property="propName"/>


property="*"/>

Expression


property="propName" value="expression"/>


property="propName" >

<jsp:attribute name="value"> expression </jsp:attribute>

</jsp:setProperty>

1. beanName must be the same as that specified for the id attribute in a useBean element.

2. There must be a setPropName method in the JavaBeans component.

3. paramName must be a request parameter name.

A property set from a constant string or request parameter must have one of the types listed in Table 12-4. Because constants and request parameters are strings, the web

100

container automatically converts the value to the property's type; the conversion applied is shown in the table.

String values can be used to assign values to a property that has a PropertyEditor class. When that is the case, the setAsText(String) method is used. A conversion failure arises if the method throws an IllegalArgumentException.

The value assigned to an indexed property must be an array, and the rules just described apply to the elements.

Table 12-4 Valid Property Value Assignments from String Values

Property Type Conversion on String Value

Bean Property Uses setAsText(string-literal)

boolean or Boolean As indicated in java.lang.Boolean.valueOf(String)

byte or Byte As indicated in java.lang.Byte.valueOf(String)

char or Character As indicated in java.lang.String.charAt(0)

double or Double As indicated in java.lang.Double.valueOf(String)

int or Integer As indicated in java.lang.Integer.valueOf(String)

float or Float As indicated in java.lang.Float.valueOf(String)

long or Long As indicated in java.lang.Long.valueOf(String)

short or Short As indicated in java.lang.Short.valueOf(String)

Object new String(string-literal)

You use an expression to set the value of a property whose type is a compound Java programming language type. The type returned from an expression must match or be castable to the type of the property.

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Retrieving JavaBeans Component Properties

The main way to retrieve JavaBeans component properties is by using the JSP EL expressions. Thus, to retrieve a book title, the Duke's Bookstore application uses the following expression:

${bookDB.bookDetails.title}

Another way to retrieve component properties is to use the jsp:getProperty element. This element converts the value of the property into a String and inserts the value into the response stream:

<jsp:getProperty name="beanName" property="propName"/>

Note that beanName must be the same as that specified for the id attribute in a useBean element, and there must be a getPropName method in the JavaBeans component. Although the preferred approach to getting properties is to use an EL expression, the getProperty element is available if you need to disable expression evaluation.

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Program 18:

Program to explain accessing java beans from java server pages

Code:

Firstpage.html:-

<html><body>

<center><u><h3>Program to demonstrate accessing javabeans from jsp</h3></u></center>

<form action="First.jsp">First-name:<input type="text"

name="firstName"/><br/><br/>Last-Name:<input type="text"

name="lastName"/><br/></br>Dateofbirth:<input type="text"

name="dob"/><br/><br/>Address:<textarea name="address" rows="5"

cols"10"/></textarea><br/><br/><input type="submit" value="submit"/>

</form></body></html>

First.jsp:-

<html><body>

<center><u><h3>Program to demonstrate accessing javabeans from jsp</h3></u></center><br/><br/>

<%@page language="java" import="com.nit.beans.FirstBean" %>

<jsp:useBean id="bean" scope="session" class="com.nit.beans.FirstBean">

<jsp:setProperty name="bean" property="*"/></jsp:useBean>

<center><a href="Second.jsp"><h2>click here to view Details</h2></a></center></body></html>

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Second.jsp:-

<html><body>

<center><u><h3>Program to demonstrate accessing javabeans from jsp</h3></u></center><br/><br/>

<%@ page language="java" import="com.nit.beans.FirstBean" %>

<jsp:useBean id="bean" scope="session" class="com.nit.beans.FirstBean"/>

FirstName is:   <jsp:getProperty name="bean" property="firstName"/><br/><br/>

LastName is:   <jsp:getProperty name="bean" property="lastName"/><br/><br/>

Dateofbirth is:   <jsp:getProperty name="bean" property="dob"/><br/><br/>

address is:   <jsp:getProperty name="bean" property="address"/><br/><br/>

</body></html>

/WEB-INF/web.xml:-

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>

<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN" "http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd">

<web-app/>

/WEB-INF/classes/FirstBean.java:-

package com.nit.beans;public class FirstBean{

private String firstName,lastName,address,dob;

public void setFirstName(String fname){

firstName=fname;}public String getFirstName()

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{return firstName;

}public void setLastName(String lname){

lastName=lname;}public String getLastName(){

return lastName;}public void setAddress(String addr){

address=addr;}public String getAddress(){

return address;}public void setDob(String d){

dob=d;}public String getDob(){

return dob;}

}Output:

105

106

Program 19:

Redo the previous task using JSP by converting the static web pages of assignments 2 into dynamic web pages. Create a database with user information and books information and books information. The books catalogue should be dynamically loaded from the database. Follow the MVC architecture while doing the website.

PROCEDURE:

1) Create your own directory under tomcat/webapps (e.g. tr1)

2) Copy the html files in tr1

3) Copy the jsp files also into tr1

4) Start tomcat give the following command

Catalina.bat run

At install-dir/bin

5) at I.E give url as http://localhost:8081/tr1/main.html

Main.html:

<html>

<body bgcolor=”pink”>

<br><br><br><br><br><br>

<h1 align=”center”>>U>ONLINE BOOK STORAGE</u></h1><br><br><br>

<h2 align=”center”><PRE>

<b> Welcome to online book storage.

Press LOGIN if you are having id

Otherwise press REGISTRATION

</b></PRE></h2>

<br><br><pre>

<div align=”center”><a href=”/tr/login.html”>LOGIN</a>

href=”/tr/login.html”>REGISTRATION</a></div></pre>

</body></html>

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Login.html:

<html>

<body bgcolor=”pink”><br><br><br>

<form name="myform" method="post" action=/tr1/login.jsp">

<div align="center"><pre>

LOGIN ID : <input type="passwors" name="pwd"></pre><br><br>

PASSWORD : <input type="password" name="pwd"></pre><br><br>

</div>

<br><br>

<div align="center">

<inputtype="submit"value="ok"

onClick="validate()">     <input type="reset"

value="clear">

</form>

</body>

</html>

Reg.html:

<html>

<body bgcolor="pink"><br><br>

<form name="myform" method="post" action="/tr1/reg.jsp">


NAME :<input type="text" name="name"><br>

ADDRESS :<input type="text" name="addr"><br>

CONTACT NUMBER : <input type="text" name="phno"><br>

LOGIN ID : <input type="text" name="id"><br>

PASSWORD : <input type="password" name="pwd"></pre><br><br>

</div>

<br><br>


108


onClick="validate()">()">     <input type="reset"

value="clear">

</form>

</body>

</html>

file.html:

<html>

<body bgcolor="pink"><br><br>

<form name="myform" method="post" action="/tr1/profile.jsp">


LOGIN ID : <input type="text" name="id"><br>

</pre><br><br>

</div>

<br><br>



onClick="validate()">()">     <input type="reset"

value="clear">

</form>

</body>

</html>

Catalog.html:

<html>

<body bgcolor="pink"><br><br><br>

<form method="post" action="/tr1/catalog.jsp">


BOOK TITLE : <input type="text" name="title"><br>

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</pre><br><br>

</div>

<br><br>



name=”button1”>     <inputtype="reset"value="clear"

name=”button2”>

</form>

</body>

</html>

Order.html:

<html>

<body bgcolor="pink"><br><br><br>

<form method="post" action="/tr1/order.jsp">


LOGIN ID :<input type="text" name="id"><br>

PASSWORD : <input type="password" name="pwd"><br>

TITLE :<input type="text" name="title"><br>

NO. OF BOOKS : <input type="text" name="no"><br>

DATE : <input type="text" name="date"><br>

CREDIT CARD NUMBER : <input type="password" name="cno"><br></pre><br><br>

</div>

<br><br>


<input type="submit" value="ok"

name=”button1”>     <input type="reset" value="clear"

name=”button2”>

</form>

</body></html>

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Login.jsp:

<%@page import=”java.sql.*”%>

<%@page import=”java.io.*”%>

<%

out.println(“<html><body bgcolor=\”pink\”>”);

String id=request.getParameter(“id”);

String pwd=request.getParameter(“pwd”);


DriverManager.registerDriver(d);

Connection

con=DriverManager.getConnection(“jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:orcl”,”scott”,”tiger

”);

Statement stmt=con.createStatement();

String sqlstmt=”select id,password from login where id=”+id+” and password=”+pwd+””;

ResultSet rs=stmt.executeQuery(sqlstmt);

int flag=0;

while(rs.next())

{

flag=1;

}

if(flag==0)

{

out.println(“SORRY INVALID ID TRY AGAIN ID<br><br>”);

out.println(“ <a href=\”/tr1/login.html\”>press LOGIN to RETRY</a>”);

}

else

{

out.println(“VALID LOGIN ID<br><br>”);

out.println(“<h3><ul>”);

mailto:%25@page%20import%3D


111

out.println(“<li><ahref=\”profile.html\”><fontcolor=\”black\”>USER

PROFILE</font></a></li><br><br>”);

out.println(“<li><ahref=\”catalog.html\”><fontcolor=\”black\”>BOOKS

CATALOG</font></a></li><br><br>”);

out.println(“<li><ahref=\”order.html\”><fontcolor=\”black\”>ORDER

CONFIRMATION</font></a></li><br><br>”);

out.println(“</ul>”);

}

out.println(“<body></html>”);

%>

Reg.jsp:



<%

out.println(“<html><body bgcolor=\”pink\”>”);

String name=request.getParameter(“name”);

String addr=request.getParameter(“addr”);

String phno=request.getParameter(“phno”);


String pwd=request.getParameter(“pwd”);

int no=Integer.parseInt(phno);


DriverManager.registerDriver(d);

Connection con=

DriverManager.getConnection (“jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:orcl”,”scott”,”tiger”);

Statement stmt=con.createStatement();

String sqlstmt=”select id from login”;

ResultSet rs=stmt.executeQuery(sqlstmt);



112

int flag=0;

while(rs.next())

{

if(id.equals(rs.getString(1)))

{

flag=1;

}

}

if(flag==1)

{

out.println(“SORRY LOGIN ID ALREADY EXISTS TRY AGAIN WITH NEW ID <br><br>”);

out.println(“<a href=\”/tr1/reg.html\”>press REGISTER to RETRY</a>”);

}

else

{

Statement stmt1=con.createStatement ();

stmt1.executeUpdate (“insert into login values

(“+name+”,”+addr+”,”+no+”,”+id+”,”+pwd+”)”);

out.println (“YOU DETAILS ARE ENTERED <br><br>”);

out.println (“<a href =\”/tr1/login.html\”>press LOGIN to login</a>”);

}

out.println (“</body></html>”);

%>

Profile.jsp:



<%

out.println (“<html><body bgcolor=\”pink\”>”);

113



DriverManager.regiserDriver(d);

Connection con=

DriverManager.getConnection

(“jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:orcl”,”scott”,”tiger”);

Statement stmt=con.createStatement ();

String sqlstmt=”select * from login where id=”+id+””;

ResultSet rs=stmt.executeQuery (sqlstmt);

int flag=0;

while(rs.next())

{

out.println (“<div align=\”center\”>”);

out.println (“NAME :”+rs.getString(1)+”<br>”);

out.println (“ADDRESS :”+rs.getString(2)+”<br>”);

out.println (“PHONE NO :”+rs.getString(3)+”<br>”);

out.println (“</div>”);

flag=1;

}

if(flag==0)

{

out.println(“SORRY INVALID ID TRY AGAIN ID <br><br>”);

out.println(“<a href=\”/tr1/profile.html\”>press HERE to RETRY </a>”);

}


%>

114

Catalog.jsp:



<%


String title=request.getParameter (“title”);

Driver d=new oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver ();

DriverManager.regiserDriver (d);

Connection con=



String sqlstmt=”select * from book where title=”+title+””;


int flag=0;

while(rs.next())

{

out.println (“<div align=\”center\”>”);

out.println (“TITLE :”+rs.getString(1)+”<br>”);

out.println (“AUTHOR :”+rs.getString(2)+”<br>”);

out.println (“VERSION:”+rs.getString(3)+”<br>”);

out.println (“PUBLISHER :” +rs.getString(4)+”<br>”);

out.println (“COST :” +rs.getString(5)+”<br>”);

out.println (“</div>”);

flag=1;

}

if(flag==0)

{


115

out.println(“<a href=\”/tr1/catalog.html\”>press HERE to RETRY </a>”);

}


%>

Order.jsp:



<%


String id=request.getParameter (“id”);

String pwd=request.getParameter (“pwd”);

String title=request.getParameter (“title”);

String count1=request.getParameter (“no”);

String date=request.getParameter (“date”);

String cno=request.getParameter (“cno”);

int count=Integer.parseInt(count1);

Driver d=new oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver ();

DriverManager.regiserDriver (d);

Connection con=



String sqlstmt=”select id, password from login”;


int flag=0,amount,x;

while(rs.next())

{

if(id.equals(rs.getString(1))&& pwd.equals(rs.getString(2)))

{

116

flag=1;

}

}

if(flag==0)

{


out.println(“<a href=\”/tr1/order.html\”>press HERE to RETRY </a>”);

}

else

{ Statement stmt2=con.createStatement();

String s=”select cost from book where title=”+title+””;

ResultSet rs1=stmt2.executeQuery(s);

int flag1=0;

while(rs1.next())

{ flag1=1;

x=Integer.parseInt(rs1.getString(1));

amount=count*x;

out.println(“AMOUNT :”+amount+”<br><br><br><br>”);

Statement stmt1=con.createStatement ();

stmt1.executeUpdate (“insert into details

(“+id+”,”+title+”,”+amount+”,”+date+”,”+cno+”)”);

out.println (“YOU ORDER HAS TAKEN<br>”);

}

if(flag1==0)

{

out.println(“SORRY INVALID BOOK TRY AGAIN <br><br>”);

out.println(“<a href=\”/tr1/order.html\”>press HERE to RETRY </a>”);

}

} out.println (“</body></html>”);%>

117

118

119

120

Program 20:

Implement the "Hello World!" program using JSP Struts Framework

PROCEDURE:

Step 1:in tomcat install directoryOpen tomcat/webapps Create a subdirectory(ts)Copy the struts-blank.war fileAt that directory path in cmd give the command asJar xvf struts-blank.warStep 2:

create a directory (work in e:\) and copy struts.jar,servelet-appi.jar into work d directory.Then set the classpath asset classpath=struts.jar;servlet-api.jar;then copy the ActionOne.class file to webapps/ts/WEB-INF/classes

ActionOne.java:

import java.io.*;import javax.servlet.*;import javax.servlet.http.*;import org.apache.struts.action.*;public class ActionOne extends Action{ publicActionForwardexecute(ActionMappingmapping,ActionFormform,HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response)throws Exception{ System.out.println("---Action executed----"); PrintWriter pw=response.getWriter(); pw.println("HELLO WORLD!");return null;}}

121

Step 3:Struts-Config.xml file<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><struts-config><action-mappings><action path="/xxx" type="ActionOne"/></action-mappings></struts-config>Step 4:Web.xml<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><web-app><servlet><servlet-name>action</servlet-name><servlet-class>org.apache.struts.action.ActionServlet</servlet-class><init--param><param-name>config</param-name><param-value>/WEB-INF/struts-config.xml</param-value></init-param><init-param><param-name>debug</param-name><param-value>2</param-value></init-param><load-on-startup>2</load-on-startup></servlet><servlet-mapping><servlet-name>action</servlet-name><url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern></servlet-mapping><welcome-file-list><welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file></welcome-file-list><taglib><taglib-uri>/tags/struts-bean</taglib-uri><taglib-location>/WEB-INF/struts-html.tld</taglib-location>

122

</taglib><taglib><taglib-uri>/tags/struts-logic</taglib-uri><taglib-location>/WEB-INF/struts-logic.tld</taglib-location></taglib><taglib><taglib-uri>/tags/struts-nested</taglib-uri><taglib-location>/WEB-INF/struts-nested.tld</taglib-location></taglib><taglib><taglib-uri>/tags/struts-tiles</taglib-uri><taglib-location>/WEB-INF/struts-tiles.tld</taglib-location></taglib></web-app>

Step 5:then in I.E give the url as http:localhost:8080/ts/xxx.do

123

Program 21:

Program to show how to use Resultset to get data From database table

Code :

import java.sql.*;public class ResultSetEx{

public static void main(String args[]) throws Exception{

Class.forName("oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver");Connection

con=DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:nit","scott","tiger");Statement st=con.createStatement();ResultSet rs=st.executeQuery("select * from bank");while(rs.next()){ int accno=rs.getInt(1);

String name=rs.getString(2);double bal=rs.getDouble("bal");System.out.println(accno + "\t" + name + "\t" + bal + "\n");

}con.close();

}}Output:Before executing this program create a database table bank as follows :Create table bank(accno number,name varchar2(50),bal number)And insert some data into that table as follows :Insert into bank values(101,satish,16000)Insert into bank values(102,Prasad,20000)Javac ResultSetEx.javaJava ResultSetEx101 satish 16000102 prasad 20000

124

Program 22:Program to show how to use PreparedStatement to insert data into database table

Code :

import java.sql.*;public class InsertEx{

public static void main(String args[]) throws Exception{

Class.forName("oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver");Connection

con=DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521;nit","scott","tiger");PreparedStatement ps=con.prepareStatement("insert into myemp

values(?,?)");ps.setInt(1,101);ps.setString(2,"satish");int i=ps.executeUpdate();System.out.println("i:"+i);ps.setInt(1,102);ps.setString(2,"prasad");int j=ps.executeUpdate();System.out.println("j:" +j);con.close();

}}

Output:Before executing this program create a database table myemp as follows :Create table myemp(empno number,empname varchar2(50))Javac InsertExJava InsertEx

125

Program 23:

Program to explain ResultSetMetaData

Code:

import java.sql.*;import java.util.*;public class RSMDEX{


String tablename=s[0];Class.forName("oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver");Connection

con=DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:nit","scott","tiger");Statement st=con.createStatement();ResultSet rs=st.executeQuery("select * from"+tablename);ResultSetMetaData rsmd=rs.getMetaData();int col_count=rsmd.getColumnCount();System.out.println("--------------------------------");for(int i=1;i<=col_count;i++){

System.out.println(rsmd.getColumnName(i) + "\t");}System.out.println();System.out.println("--------------------------------");while(rs.next()){

for(inti=1;i<=col_count;i++){

int type=rsmd.getColumnType(i);if(type==Types.INTEGER){

System.out.println(rs.getInt(i) + "\t");}elseif(type==Types.DOUBLE){

System.out.println(rs.getDouble(i) + "\t");

126

}else{

System.out.println(rs.getString(i) + "\t");}System.out.println();

}}

}}

Output:

Before executing this program create a database table bank as follows :Create table bank(accno number,name varchar2(50),bal number)And insert some data into that table as follows :Insert into bank values(101,satish,16000)Insert into bank values(102,Prasad,20000)Insert into bank values(103,babu,30000)Javac RSMDEX.javaJava RSMDEX--------------------------------------------Accno name bal---------------------------------------101 satish 16000102 prasad 20000103 BABU 30000

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