-
SimplorerSimplorerSimplorerSimplorer v2014 Users v2014 Users
v2014 Users v2014 Users GuideGuideGuideGuide
WS14
3 phase Inverter using IGBTs
WS14-1
Simplorer v2014
IntroductionThis lab will show the development of a 3 phase
Inverter using State Control
methods with associated dead time. The main purpose is to look
at different
levels of IGBT modeling using the System level IGBT and then
going thru the
process to characterize a specific IGBT device using Simplorers
Device
Characterization tools.
Note the System level IGBT was created to give the user a quick
way to
evaluate switching circuits using IGBTs at the system level.
This IGBT provides a
quick way to control the switching using logic control and yet
still exhibits basic
characteristic of an IGBT device.
In the next part of this lab, a more detailed IGBT will be
modeled. Note there are
3 levels of IGBT modeling that is possible (Average, Basic
Dynamic, and
Advance Dynamic). The Average IGBT model was created for
system
simulations where the thermal aspects of the IGBTs need to be
evaluated. It
expands on the electrical characteristic and provides two
different approaches for
the power dissipation (Average and Dynamic ) that feeds the
thermal network.
The Basic Dynamic level adds more detailed modeling for the
electrical dynamic
behavior, and the Advance Dynamic adds even more detailed
modeling of the
IGBT models dynamic behavior (see Simplorers help for further
information).
Part 1: Using System level IGBTsThe following 3 phase inverter
will be created
-
SimplorerSimplorerSimplorerSimplorer v2014 Users v2014 Users
v2014 Users v2014 Users GuideGuideGuideGuide
WS14
3 phase Inverter using IGBTs
WS14-2
Simplorer v2014
Using the previous schematic as a guide line for placement of
components,
construct the circuit as follows
Invoke Simplorer, change the name of the Project to be 3 phase
Inverters and
the default Design to be 3 phase inverter w system IGBTs
File -> Save As (to desired location)
Add 3 voltage sources (Sine, 120V RMS, 60Hz, Spice compatible,
phased shifted
by 120 degrees 0, 120, 240)
Add an exponential function block (this will be used to
characterize the rectifier
diodes) Basic Elements/Tools/Characteristics/EXP: Exponential
Function
Double click on the block, select the Output/Display tab, choose
not to
show the output pin.
Select the Parameters tab, note values, leave at default
values
-
SimplorerSimplorerSimplorerSimplorer v2014 Users v2014 Users
v2014 Users v2014 Users GuideGuideGuideGuide
WS14
3 phase Inverter using IGBTs
WS14-3
Simplorer v2014
Add 1 system level diode, define the Parameters for the diode to
be represented
by the Exponential Function previously defined EXP1.VAL
Copy the Diode and paste it 5 more times in a 3 phase bridge
rectifier
configuration as shown below
Add a DC link Capacitor with value of 1mF
Add a ground node to the DC rectified output as shown
-
SimplorerSimplorerSimplorerSimplorer v2014 Users v2014 Users
v2014 Users v2014 Users GuideGuideGuideGuide
WS14
3 phase Inverter using IGBTs
WS14-4
Simplorer v2014
Add 1 system level IGBT and 1 more system level diode, connect
them in parallel
and move their names as shown below. Position the diode
connection points to
be 4 diode lengths away from the capacitor as shown (this is
done for later
expansions of the circuit using a characterized IGBT with gate
drive and thermal
networks)
Insert a line that is equal to the distance of the 4 diodes to
be used for a
guideline, then remove the 4 diodes
Draw Draw Draw Draw ----> Primitive > Primitive >
Primitive > Primitive ----> line > line > line >
line (note this is not a wire)
Select the line, copy and paste it end to end as shown below to
set the
spacing for the other IGBTs that will be added
-
SimplorerSimplorerSimplorerSimplorer v2014 Users v2014 Users
v2014 Users v2014 Users GuideGuideGuideGuide
WS14
3 phase Inverter using IGBTs
WS14-5
Simplorer v2014
Select the IGBT/Diode pair including the connection between
them, copy and
paste the combination 5 more times using the lines as a
guideline for spacing.
NOTE copy them from left to right top, then left to right bottom
so that the names
of the IGBTs follow the pattern shown below
Note also to make sure the vertical distance between the
positive and negative
DC output is approx 2 times the length of one of the lines as
shown below
Remove the lines then File File File File ----> Save>
Save> Save> Save
Add 3 current meters, one Induction motor (Basic
Elements/Circuit/Electrical
machines/Induction Machine/IM : Induction Machine), connect them
and the
IGBT sections as shown below, File File File File ---->
Save> Save> Save> Save
IGBT1 IGBT2 IGBT3
IGBT4 IGBT6IGBT5
-
SimplorerSimplorerSimplorerSimplorer v2014 Users v2014 Users
v2014 Users v2014 Users GuideGuideGuideGuide
WS14
3 phase Inverter using IGBTs
WS14-6
Simplorer v2014
Add a torque load/source to the Induction machine (Basic
Elements/Physical
Domains/Mechanical/Velocity-Force-Representation/Rotational_V/F_ROT:
Torque Source)
Leave both the Induction Machine and Torque source at default
values, connect
as shown below (note when adding ground to the Torque source, it
will change
symbols automatically to reflect mechanical ground)
Add a voltage meter between lines to measure the line to line
voltage as shown
below (change its name to be VM_line2line) File File File File
----> Save> Save> Save> Save
Induction Machine Defaults
-
SimplorerSimplorerSimplorerSimplorer v2014 Users v2014 Users
v2014 Users v2014 Users GuideGuideGuideGuide
WS14
3 phase Inverter using IGBTs
WS14-7
Simplorer v2014
Add a sine reference blocks that will be used in the control
scheme (Basic
Elements/Tools/Time Functions/SINE: Sine Wave)
Double click on it, and select the Output/Display tab, select to
not show output
pin
Select the Parameters tab and set Amplitude = 1, Frequency = 60,
name = IPA
Select the SINE block, copy and paste it 2 more times
Edit one of the copied versions, and change the name to IPB with
phase of
-120 deg
Edit the last one and change the name to IPC with phase of 120
deg
-
SimplorerSimplorerSimplorerSimplorer v2014 Users v2014 Users
v2014 Users v2014 Users GuideGuideGuideGuide
WS14
3 phase Inverter using IGBTs
WS14-8
Simplorer v2014
Add a triangular time function (Basic Elements/Tools/Time
Functions/TRIANG:
Triangular Wave)
Edit this block, set to not show output pin, set Amplitude =1,
Frequency = 2000,
name it TRIG
Arrange the blocks on the schematic as shown below
The next steps will set up the State Logic shown below which
will be used to
define the turn on and turn off times of the IGBTs
-
SimplorerSimplorerSimplorerSimplorer v2014 Users v2014 Users
v2014 Users v2014 Users GuideGuideGuideGuide
WS14
3 phase Inverter using IGBTs
WS14-9
Simplorer v2014
The first State Logic section will control IGBT1 and IGBT4
Add 4 States with input/output pin (Basic
Elements/States/STATE_11: State 11)
Add 4 transitions from same library as above, arrange them as
shown above
(NOTE the directions of the transitions)
Edit the names of each as shown above, place names inside the
loop
Double click on each and define as shown (Note edit the States
before Note edit the States before Note edit the States before Note
edit the States before
Transitions). Transitions). Transitions). Transitions). Note
when simulation enters a State, it will set the variables igbt1
and igbt4 to 1 or 0, these variables will be used as logic gate
drives for the
associated IGBT (to be set up later in the lab) if set to 1 it
turns the associated
IGBT on. (Activate State box selected for blue dots)(Activate
State box selected for blue dots)(Activate State box selected for
blue dots)(Activate State box selected for blue dots)
Note the dead time (created to make sure that an IGBT in the top
section is not
on at the same time one of the bottom IGBTs is on, thus causing
a short circuit
on the DC link) is implemented using the delay DEL function in
the States.
For example in the State Off41 shown above, both variables igbt1
and
igbt4 are set to 0 (therefore both associated IGBTs will be
turned off when
this state is entered). The simulation will stay in this state
until the variable
TV1 goes high (after the delay of 5uS) File File File File
----> Save> Save> Save> Save
NOTE edit StatesNOTE edit StatesNOTE edit StatesNOTE edit
States
Before Before Before Before
TransitionsTransitionsTransitionsTransitions
-
SimplorerSimplorerSimplorerSimplorer v2014 Users v2014 Users
v2014 Users v2014 Users GuideGuideGuideGuide
WS14
3 phase Inverter using IGBTs
WS14-10
Simplorer v2014
Note to create the other two State Logic sections, can use the
previous section
created as a starting point.
Zoom out, Select the entire previously created State Logic
section, copy and
paste it just below and slightly to the left of the first
section, edit each section as
shown below (note need to double click on each to edit the
equations)
Copy the original State Section again, and paste it below and
slightly to the right
this time, edit this new section as shown below, then File File
File File ----> Save> Save> Save> Save
NOTE edit StatesNOTE edit StatesNOTE edit StatesNOTE edit
States
Before Before Before Before
TransitionsTransitionsTransitionsTransitions
NOTE edit StatesNOTE edit StatesNOTE edit StatesNOTE edit
States
Before Before Before Before
TransitionsTransitionsTransitionsTransitions
-
SimplorerSimplorerSimplorerSimplorer v2014 Users v2014 Users
v2014 Users v2014 Users GuideGuideGuideGuide
WS14
3 phase Inverter using IGBTs
WS14-11
Simplorer v2014
Add text 3-Phase Inverter using System level IGBT and motor load
at the top,
set the font to 34
Set up the TR analysis; Tend = 80mS, Hmin = 50nS, Hmax = 1mS
Add two rectangular plots, one to display all 3 phase currents
via the current
meters, and one to display the line to line voltage via the
voltage meter
Select each plot and edit to view the Header Name instead of the
legend, Edit the
Header names in the project manager window to be Phase Currents
and Line
to Line Voltage, change the font size of the Header to be 36
-
SimplorerSimplorerSimplorerSimplorer v2014 Users v2014 Users
v2014 Users v2014 Users GuideGuideGuideGuide
WS14
3 phase Inverter using IGBTs
WS14-12
Simplorer v2014
The final set up is to assign the gate drive signals to each
IGBT based on the
State Control.
Double click on each IGBT, unselect the Control Signal Use pin,
then give it the
variable name that gets assigned in the State Control (ie for
IGBT1, set the
Control Signal to be igbt1 (which gets set to 1 or 0 in the
State Control Logic),
if this variable gets set to 1, it will turn on that IGBT.
Run the TR analysis, then edit both plots X axis to display from
50mS to 80mS,
set the line to line voltage Y axis to be from 300V to -300V,
set the phase
currents Y axis to be from 25 to -25A, the results should appear
as shown below
File File File File ----> Save> Save> Save> Save
-
SimplorerSimplorerSimplorerSimplorer v2014 Users v2014 Users
v2014 Users v2014 Users GuideGuideGuideGuide
WS14
3 phase Inverter using IGBTs
WS14-13
Simplorer v2014
IGBT CharacterizationIn this section, the IKW75N60T IGBT from
Infineon will be characterized based
on its data sheet. It will be tested, evaluated with external
thermal heat sink
model, and then used in the 3 phase inverter motor drive circuit
previously
created.
NOTE all the files required for this characterization section is
located in the
IKW75N60T_Data folder (See Instructor for folder location), the
data sheet to
be used is IKW75N60T.pdf
Curves from the data sheet can be made into individual bitmap
files by
using a screen capture tool or Prnt Scrn when viewing the .pdf
data sheet.
Prnt Scrn, paste to powerpoint, save picture as bmp, edit in
Paint
The required curves have been pre-captured as .bmp files and are
located
in the IKW75N60T_Data folder
In this lab, the Average IGBT underlining model will be used
Required input data for Average IGBT characterization
includes:
Transfer Characteristic, Ic vs Vge (at Tnom and Tdifferent)
Output Characteristic, Ic vs Vce for (Full and Semi Saturated
Branch for
Tnom and Tdiff)
Freewheeling Diode Characteristic, If vs Vf (at Tnom and
Tdifferent)
IGBT Transient Thermal Impedance, Zthjc vs time or thermal
circuit
Freewheeling Diode Thermal Impedance, Zthjc vs time or thermal
circuit
Add a new design to the 3 phase Inverters project, name it IGBT
Avg Char
The following section will show how to use the SheetScan
capability in Simplorer
to capture the data from the Manufactures Data sheet (converted
to .bmp files)
for later use in the characterization wizard.
Select the Menu, Project Project Project Project ---->
Datasets> Datasets> Datasets> Datasets
In the Datasets: dialog, select SheetScan
-
SimplorerSimplorerSimplorerSimplorer v2014 Users v2014 Users
v2014 Users v2014 Users GuideGuideGuideGuide
WS14
3 phase Inverter using IGBTs
WS14-14
Simplorer v2014
In the SheetScan application, from the menu, select Picture
Picture Picture Picture ----> Load picture > Load picture
> Load picture > Load picture and
Load one of the already captured .bmp files from the data
sheet
TransferCharacteristic.bmp.
Use Zoom functions to size and fit the picture
Select Options Options Options Options ----> Settings>
Settings> Settings> Settings, and Check Adapt to picture box
to ensure proper
aspect ratio.
Zoom functions
-
SimplorerSimplorerSimplorerSimplorer v2014 Users v2014 Users
v2014 Users v2014 Users GuideGuideGuideGuide
WS14
3 phase Inverter using IGBTs
WS14-15
Simplorer v2014
In the SheetScan Tool Create a new Coordinate System by
selecting from the
Menu, Coordinate System Coordinate System Coordinate System
Coordinate System ----> New > New > New > New
Allows set up of a reference system for recognizing and scaling
the data.
Select Point1 and carefully select corresponding corner
locations on the plot this
defines the coordinate system and scale. Repeat for Point2 and
Point3
1 2 3
Enter corresponding Data points for
X-Value and Y-Value of each point.
Click OKOKOKOK.4
1
2
3
-
SimplorerSimplorerSimplorerSimplorer v2014 Users v2014 Users
v2014 Users v2014 Users GuideGuideGuideGuide
WS14
3 phase Inverter using IGBTs
WS14-16
Simplorer v2014
Now that the Coordinate system is defined, Create a new Curve to
trace out the
first of the two curves.
Select from the Menu, Curve Curve Curve Curve ----> New>
New> New> New.
Assign Name and Units in the Curve Settings Dialog Box for both
axis (note this
first curve will be for the Tj = 25 degree C curve)
X-Axis
Name: VGE
Unit: Volts
Y-Axis
Name: IC T=25C
Unit: Amps
Check Monotonicity in X
-
SimplorerSimplorerSimplorerSimplorer v2014 Users v2014 Users
v2014 Users v2014 Users GuideGuideGuideGuide
WS14
3 phase Inverter using IGBTs
WS14-17
Simplorer v2014
With the Mouse, select approximately 15 to 20 points for the
Tj=25C curve,
starting and ensuring a good quantity around the knee of the
curve.
To add another curve, again select Curve Curve Curve Curve
----> New> New> New> New, and define X-Axis and
Y-Axis
as shown below. Note another tab should appear with second set
of data.
Again select approximately 15 to 20 points for the Tj=175C
curve, ensuring a
good quantity around the knee of the curve.
-
SimplorerSimplorerSimplorerSimplorer v2014 Users v2014 Users
v2014 Users v2014 Users GuideGuideGuideGuide
WS14
3 phase Inverter using IGBTs
WS14-18
Simplorer v2014
The two sets of curves can be selected and inspected from the
pull down menu in
the upper left. Note can right click in the plot to Select (and
move) point, as well
as Append or Delete points
This data can now be saved in two ways (Sheet Scan tool format
and each
individual curve data format to be used in the IGBT
Characterization tool)
Click File File File File ----> Save As> Save As> Save
As> Save As, and save as transfer_class.ssf, this will save
the
information in the Sheet Scan tool format
To export the separate data for each curve, select the 25C curve
first in the pull
down menu, then select File File File File ----> Export>
Export> Export> Export, select Current Curve, click on
File,
enter Filename (transfer_25C) and the type
i.e. (.mdx for Simplorer), and select Separator Semicolon.
Select the 175C data from the pull down menu and repeat to
export the 175C
data and name it transfer_175C
Note all curves that are needed for the IGBT characterization
tool have already
been Scanned and are also saved as .mdx files in the
IKW75N60T_Data folder.
This section was used to show the process of creating these
files only, therefore
close out the scan sheet window and just delete these two close
out the scan sheet window and just delete these two close out the
scan sheet window and just delete these two close out the scan
sheet window and just delete these two mdxmdxmdxmdx files
createdfiles createdfiles createdfiles created
-
SimplorerSimplorerSimplorerSimplorer v2014 Users v2014 Users
v2014 Users v2014 Users GuideGuideGuideGuide
WS14
3 phase Inverter using IGBTs
WS14-19
Simplorer v2014
Using the IGBT Characterization toolTo Characterize a new
device, select the menu,
SimplorerSimplorerSimplorerSimplorer Circuit Circuit Circuit
Circuit ----> Characterize Device > Characterize Device >
Characterize Device > Characterize Device ---->
Semiconductors> Semiconductors> Semiconductors>
Semiconductors
Select from the Device Type pull down menu, Average IGBT, click
OK .
Note: To open an already characterized device, check the
Continue device
characterization radio button, and select file name
(device.ppm)
This opens the first of several windows of the Characterization
process.
NoteThe Manufacturer pull down allows for different
manufacturers
definitions for the Basic Dynamic characterization, thus it will
not be used
for the Average IGBT Characterization.
Enter Component Name
(IKW75N60T_class)
Add comments
Click Next
-
SimplorerSimplorerSimplorerSimplorer v2014 Users v2014 Users
v2014 Users v2014 Users GuideGuideGuideGuide
WS14
3 phase Inverter using IGBTs
WS14-20
Simplorer v2014
The second window is for the Nominal Working Point Values.
Note at any time during the characterization you can press F1
for the help menu
with explanation and definition of inputs.
Note for section [2/12], the following definitions are
listed
Nominal Collector Emitter Blocking Voltage [V]
This will be listed as Vcc in the test conditions area of the
switching
characteristics section of the data sheet.
Nominal Collector Current [A]
Listed as Ic in the switching characteristics test
conditions.
Nominal Reference Temperature [C]
This will generally be listed as Tc for the maximum temperature
test
conditions for the switching characteristics, for example
175C.
Collector-Emitter Saturation Voltage under Nominal Condition
[V]
Listed as Vce sat in the switching characteristic test
conditions. This
field is disabled for Basic Dynamic IGBT characterization.
On-Switch Gate-Emitter (Drive) Voltage [V]
Listed as Vge in the switching characteristics test
conditions.
Off-Switch Gate-Emitter (Drive) Voltage [V]
This parameter may be listed in the switching characteristics
test
conditions; however, it often is not. A rule of thumb is to use
the
negative of the Vge(On) value listed above.
The values should be as shown below, Click Next
-
SimplorerSimplorerSimplorerSimplorer v2014 Users v2014 Users
v2014 Users v2014 Users GuideGuideGuideGuide
WS14
3 phase Inverter using IGBTs
WS14-21
Simplorer v2014
For this model, check the Disable Breakthrough Model, Click
Next
For the Half-Bridge Test Circuit Condition, use these values
(External Gate
Resistance = 5, others set to 0), and again note instructions
from the help menu
using F1. Click Next
-
SimplorerSimplorerSimplorerSimplorer v2014 Users v2014 Users
v2014 Users v2014 Users GuideGuideGuideGuide
WS14
3 phase Inverter using IGBTs
WS14-22
Simplorer v2014
The transfer characteristic, Ic = f(Vge) [5/12] uses data
obtained from the Sheet
scan utility.
For this Lab, the data sheet curves have already been scanned
and saved as
.mdx files in the IGBT Characterization folder
IKW75N60T_Data.
Click Temp drop down menu, and select 175.
Type in Vce value of 20.
Click on the Open Folder icon to load the Characteristic
Data
-
SimplorerSimplorerSimplorerSimplorer v2014 Users v2014 Users
v2014 Users v2014 Users GuideGuideGuideGuide
WS14
3 phase Inverter using IGBTs
WS14-23
Simplorer v2014
Browse the IKW75N60T_Data folder with the already defined .mdx
files.
Select the file: Transfer_175DegC.mdx
Next, add a new Characteristic by clicking the Add New
Characteristic button in
the upper right corner.
Note that a second channel appears.
Under Boundary Conditions, define the Temp of 25 deg C, and Vce
= 20.
Click the Open folder icon, and select the filename
Transfer_25DegC.mdx
to load the data.
Note that now both Ch.01 and Ch.02 are populated with the
transfer data.
For the Fitting Characteristic Order, select from the pull down
menu:
Nominal Temperature as Ch.01 175.0 C,
Different Temperature as Ch.02 25.0 C.
Click on Start Fitting
Follow results.
Click Next
-
SimplorerSimplorerSimplorerSimplorer v2014 Users v2014 Users
v2014 Users v2014 Users GuideGuideGuideGuide
WS14
3 phase Inverter using IGBTs
WS14-24
Simplorer v2014
In the Output Characteristic, four curves will be input, a Full
Saturated Branch
(Vge=20), and a Semi Saturated Branch (Vge=11), at Tnom=175
degC, and
Tdiff=25 degC.
Define 175 Temp, Vge=20.
Click the Open Folder Icon, select Output_20v_175degC.mdx
-
SimplorerSimplorerSimplorerSimplorer v2014 Users v2014 Users
v2014 Users v2014 Users GuideGuideGuideGuide
WS14
3 phase Inverter using IGBTs
WS14-25
Simplorer v2014
Click the Add new Characteristic icon in the upper right
corner
Select Temp to 175, and change Vge to 11, click the Open Folder
icon and
select file Output_11V_175degC.mdx.
Repeat this for Ch.03 20V 25degC, and Ch.04 -11V 25degC.
Specify The Fitting Characteristic Order for Full and Semi
Saturated Branches at
Tnom and Tdiff.
-
SimplorerSimplorerSimplorerSimplorer v2014 Users v2014 Users
v2014 Users v2014 Users GuideGuideGuideGuide
WS14
3 phase Inverter using IGBTs
WS14-26
Simplorer v2014
Note that all four channels are now populated with the Output
data.
Click on Start Fitting
Follow results
Click Next
Similarly, for the Freewheeling Diode, enter the data for Temps
175 first, then 25
deg C, Define also the Fitting Characteristic Order as shown,
Start Fitting.
Use files FreewheelingDiode_175degC.mdx,
FreewheelingDiode_25degC.mdx
Click Next
-
SimplorerSimplorerSimplorerSimplorer v2014 Users v2014 Users
v2014 Users v2014 Users GuideGuideGuideGuide
WS14
3 phase Inverter using IGBTs
WS14-27
Simplorer v2014
The data for the IGBT thermal model may be entered from the
transient curves,
or the partial fraction model coefficients if available.
Select Partial Fraction via the pull down menu, enter the data
for the partial
fraction coefficients from the data sheet
Note the selection of the Use external network box, this will
allow the creation of
an external thermal network that represents the heat sink or
package
Start Fitting, Click Next
The coefficients can also be entered for the Freewheeling Diode
Thermal Model
in similar fashion. Click Next when done
-
SimplorerSimplorerSimplorerSimplorer v2014 Users v2014 Users
v2014 Users v2014 Users GuideGuideGuideGuide
WS14
3 phase Inverter using IGBTs
WS14-28
Simplorer v2014
In the Energy Characteristic window, Enter for the Nom row
(175C) the Eon and
Eoff from the Data sheet, then select Extraction, Click Next
The validation step allows the user to input a test case and
verify that the energy
model is correct.
Select the Add new Point icon in the upper right corner. And add
the
following conditions
Click Validate.
The calculations based on the model should match the Energies,
Click Next
-
SimplorerSimplorerSimplorerSimplorer v2014 Users v2014 Users
v2014 Users v2014 Users GuideGuideGuideGuide
WS14
3 phase Inverter using IGBTs
WS14-29
Simplorer v2014
The final section [12/12] shows the calculated parameters that
characterize the
IGBT model.
Once completed, this model can be saved in several ways
1) select the Create SML button, this will save the model in
*.sml format
(simplorer model language) and could be sent to others for
import into
simplorer (save as IKW75N60T_class.sml)
2) select Save Model and this will save the model in the
Characterization
tool format which could be re-opened later in the tool (save
as
IKW75N60T_class.ppm)
3) select Finish and this will bring the model into the present
design, this
can then be exported to a personal library.
Export this model to a personal library IGBTs
-
SimplorerSimplorerSimplorerSimplorer v2014 Users v2014 Users
v2014 Users v2014 Users GuideGuideGuideGuide
WS14
3 phase Inverter using IGBTs
WS14-30
Simplorer v2014
Create a test circuit for the Average IGBT modelNote the IGBT
model should have been placed in the IGBT Avg Char design
previously created in simplorer
Create the following test circuit (shown below)
E1 = 400V (select Spice Compatible), R1=5, R2=5.5
E2 (Pulse, Ampl=7.5,Freq=1000Hz,Offset=7.5, Spice compatible)
yields 0->15V
Thermal component from Basic Elements VHDLAMS/Physical
Domain/Thermal
Cth2 (c_th=1000, t0=100 C), Rth (k = 10u), T (value=25C) NOTE
Red NOTE Red NOTE Red NOTE Red
Polarity Dots positionPolarity Dots positionPolarity Dots
positionPolarity Dots position
Add 3 rectangular plots (U1.TempJ_T), (U1.PinJ_T), (U1.IC,
U1.VCE)
Note need to add these signals via Simplorer Circuit->Output
Dialog first
-
SimplorerSimplorerSimplorerSimplorer v2014 Users v2014 Users
v2014 Users v2014 Users GuideGuideGuideGuide
WS14
3 phase Inverter using IGBTs
WS14-31
Simplorer v2014
Double click on the IGBT, select the Thermal Parameters tab, and
make sure
the following are set up.
Note by setting the Thermal Behavior Level to dynamic, this will
simulate the
power pulses at the junction of the IGBT (U1.PINJ_T). This is
the power that
feeds into the thermal networks.
Select the Electrical Parameters tab, at the bottom select the
External Sync..
to be E2.V (gate drive for the IGBT)
Set up the TR analysis (Tend = 20mS, Hmin = 50nS, Hmax =
10uS)
Run the TR analysis, zoom in on the turn on time for the IGBT
(IC, VCE curves)
by setting the x axis from 7.995S to 8.005S, results should
appear as shown on
previous page.
-
SimplorerSimplorerSimplorerSimplorer v2014 Users v2014 Users
v2014 Users v2014 Users GuideGuideGuideGuide
WS14
3 phase Inverter using IGBTs
WS14-32
Simplorer v2014
Now change the IGBT to be in Average mode by double clicking on
it, select the
Thermal Properties tab, and setting the Thermal Behavior Level
to average,
this will now formulate the junction power as an average value
instead of the real
time power pulses as was seen in the previous simulation
Note when using average mode, need to also set TSAMPLE that is
used for
the average power sample times, set to 1mS
Re-run the TR analysis and note the junction power (PINJ_T) is
now represented
as the average and not discrete power pulses. Note also the
temperature still
gives similar results, however is smoother due to the average
mode of the power
input to the thermal network
File File File File ----> Save> Save> Save> Save
(Average Mode)
-
SimplorerSimplorerSimplorerSimplorer v2014 Users v2014 Users
v2014 Users v2014 Users GuideGuideGuideGuide
WS14
3 phase Inverter using IGBTs
WS14-33
Simplorer v2014
Adding the IGBT model into a 3 phase Inverter Motor DriveIn this
section, the characterized IGBT model will be placed in the
previous 3
phase Inverter Motor drive circuit that had used the system
level IGBT. In
addition, a thermal network (derived from ANSYSs Icepak thermal
tool) that
characterizes the thermal network for an IGBT package which
contains 6 IGBTs
and diodes will be used.
Select the 3 phase inverter w system IGBTs design that was
created in the first
part of this lab, copy it (Ctrl + C), then paste (Ctrl + V) a
new copy into the
present project, rename the new design to be 3 phase inverter w
char IGBTs
Double click on the new design to make it active
Zoom in on the system level IGBT1 in the circuit
Note since the IGBT was characterized and used in a design in
the existing
project, its definitions remain available for other designs of
that project, select
the IKW75N60T_class IGBT model from the Components folder and
drag it
into the new design
-
SimplorerSimplorerSimplorerSimplorer v2014 Users v2014 Users
v2014 Users v2014 Users GuideGuideGuideGuide
WS14
3 phase Inverter using IGBTs
WS14-34
Simplorer v2014
Delete the system level IGBT1 and its associated diode, and
replace it with the
new characterized version
Add a voltage source and series resistance (5 Ohms) for the gate
drive
Set the value of the voltage source to be the variable igbt1
(Note this
value will be determined from the State Control section as
before), Select
the Display tab to show both EMF and value
Define the name to be Vg1 and Select the voltage source to be
spice
compatible
Name the resistance Rg1
Align the components as shown below
Double click on the IGBT, name it IGBT_th1 (Select to show
name)
Select the Electrical Properties tab, set the External Sync.. to
be Vg1.V
Select the Thermal Properties tab, (dynamic, Kelvin, both TEMPs
25) as
shown below
-
SimplorerSimplorerSimplorerSimplorer v2014 Users v2014 Users
v2014 Users v2014 Users GuideGuideGuideGuide
WS14
3 phase Inverter using IGBTs
WS14-35
Simplorer v2014
Select the entire gate drive circuit including the voltage
source, resistor, wiring
and the new IGBT, copy it (Ctrl +C)
Zoom out and delete the remaining system level IGBTs, associated
Diodes, and
stray wiring
zoom in the location just to the right of the IGBT that was just
inserted, clean up
any stray wires and paste (Ctrl + V) the gate drive and IGBT
Note the names should change in sequence (ie Vg2, Rg2,
IGBT_th2)
Change the EMF value to be igbt2
Change the IGBT External Sync.. to be Vg2.V
Repeat this process for the next IGBT section by pasting (Ctrl +
V) again
Again change the EMF to be igbt3, and External Sync to be
Vg3.V
-
SimplorerSimplorerSimplorerSimplorer v2014 Users v2014 Users
v2014 Users v2014 Users GuideGuideGuideGuide
WS14
3 phase Inverter using IGBTs
WS14-36
Simplorer v2014
Repeat this process for the bottom IGBTs and associated gate
drives
note place in the same order from left to right
Dont forget to change the EMF values and the External Sync of
the IGBTs
The final results for the bottom row of IGBTs should appear as
shown below
File File File File ----> Save> Save> Save> Save
Note the system level IGBTs were turned on/off with logic levels
(0 and 1),
however the characterized IGBT require real gate drive levels,
therefore the turn
on values need to be 15V now.
Edit the State Control blocks and replace the 1 with 15 so when
that state is
entered, it sets the value sufficient to drive the new
IGBTs.
Below are the changes made to the first State Control Section,
repeat for the
others
When done File File File File ----> Save> Save>
Save> Save
-
SimplorerSimplorerSimplorerSimplorer v2014 Users v2014 Users
v2014 Users v2014 Users GuideGuideGuideGuide
WS14
3 phase Inverter using IGBTs
WS14-37
Simplorer v2014
Import thermal network for the IGBT multi-packIn this section,
the thermal network created for the IGBT multi-pack (6 IGBTs
and
Diodes in a package) will be inserted into the Simplorer
schematic and connected
to the thermal pins of each IGBT (Note this model was created
from ANSYSs
Icepak thermal tool).
Use the menu Tools Tools Tools Tools ----> Import Simulation
Models> Import Simulation Models> Import Simulation
Models> Import Simulation Models, select the type to be sml
and
go to the location of the Thermal_Package.sml file
Select OK for the pop up window
Under the symbol definition folder, select the Thermal_Package
symbol, RMB -
> Edit Symbol (note the default symbol should appear as
shown)
Remove the symbol graphics, group and move the pins apart as
shown (note pin
name order)
Rotate the P5 P8 as shown below (note pin name order)
-
SimplorerSimplorerSimplorerSimplorer v2014 Users v2014 Users
v2014 Users v2014 Users GuideGuideGuideGuide
WS14
3 phase Inverter using IGBTs
WS14-38
Simplorer v2014
Add the graphics for the symbol that represents the package
view
Draw Draw Draw Draw ----> Image> Image> Image>
Image, this will prompt for location of the IGBTpackage.jpg
file
Import and size in approximation to the pins as shown
Symbol Symbol Symbol Symbol ----> Update Project > Update
Project > Update Project > Update Project (this will update
the symbol)
Close the symbol editor window
Move the title text to make room for the symbol at the top of
the schematic,
and insert the Thermal_Package component from the Components
definitions folder
Note place the component so that the P5 pin is directly over the
middle
IGBT thermal pin as shown below
-
SimplorerSimplorerSimplorerSimplorer v2014 Users v2014 Users
v2014 Users v2014 Users GuideGuideGuideGuide
WS14
3 phase Inverter using IGBTs
WS14-39
Simplorer v2014
Connect pins P6 thru P8 to the IGBT thermal pins as shown
below
Connect the rest of the thermal pins as shown below
Add a Temperature source from
Basic Elements/Physical Domains/Thermal
Set it to 25C and connect it to the
P_REF pin
Add a Thermometer measurement from
Basic Elements/Measurement/Thermal
Connect it to the P1 connection
NOTE the thermal connections could also
Be connected via
Draw Draw Draw Draw ----> Page Connectors > Page
Connectors > Page Connectors > Page Connectors to
eliminate
The thermal wiring if desired
File File File File ----> Save> Save> Save> Save
-
SimplorerSimplorerSimplorerSimplorer v2014 Users v2014 Users
v2014 Users v2014 Users GuideGuideGuideGuide
WS14
3 phase Inverter using IGBTs
WS14-40
Simplorer v2014
Recap so far:
Created a new characterized Average IGBT model with thermal
pins
Replaced system level IGBTs in Inverter Motor Drive with new
IGBTs
Added additional gate drive circuit required for each
Changed State Control to create 0 to 15V gate signals
Added thermal network representing an IGBT multi-pack
Added thermal measurement for the IGBT_th1 connection at P1
Add signal (TEMPJ_T Junction temperature) for IGBT_th1 in
SimplorerSimplorerSimplorerSimplorer Circuit Circuit Circuit
Circuit ----
> Output Dialog> Output Dialog> Output Dialog>
Output Dialog
Add a new Rectangular plot, chose to plot IGBT_th1.TEMPJ_T and
thermal
measurement THM1.T
Change the Change the Change the Change the HminHminHminHmin to
10nS to 10nS to 10nS to 10nS and run the TR analysis, Note
simulation time will
greatly increase over using the system level IGBT due to the
more detailed IGBT
and Thermal network (approx 10 min)
-
SimplorerSimplorerSimplorerSimplorer v2014 Users v2014 Users
v2014 Users v2014 Users GuideGuideGuideGuide
WS14
3 phase Inverter using IGBTs
WS14-41
Simplorer v2014
Open the thermal plot in the Results section, and adjust both Y
axis to be the
same (fixed at 296 to 304), change title of plot, it should
appear as shown below
Change Title of Circuit to be 3-Phase Inverter using
Characterized IGBT and
motor load
File File File File ----> Save> Save> Save> Save