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3.2 Structure: How to use “Gerund” When a verb ends in -ing, it may be a gerund or a present participle. It is important to understand that they are not the same.
Gerunds are sometime called “verbal nouns”
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Pre-Writing1.ครใหนกเรยนดวดโอเรอง Symphony orchestra เพอนำ�เข�สบทเรยน2. ครถ�มคำ�ถ�มนกเรยนเกยวกบวดโอ เชน- What do you see in the video?- What musical instrument do they play in the video ? 3.ครแจก Text 1 : vocabulary ใหนกเรยนทกคนแลวเปด Power point อธบ�ยคำ�ศพทใหนกเรยนฟงและออกเสยงต�ม พรอมทงยกตวอย�งคำ�ศพทดวยสอจรง เชน Violin4.ครแจก Text 2 : Structure แลวอธบ�ยโครงสร�งไวย�กรณจ�ก Power point ใหนกเรยนฟงและทำ�คว�มเข�ใจ 5. ครตรวจสอบคว�มเข�ใจในโครงสร�งไวย�กรณโดยถ�มคำ�ถ�ม
5.นกเรยนตอบคำ�ถ�มจ�กโครงสร�งไวย�กรณทครถ�ม6.นกเรยนรบ Text 3 จ�กครและฟงเสยง Text เพอทำ�คว�มเข�ใจ7.นกเรยนตอบคำ�ถ�มทครถ�ม
นกเรยน6. . ครแจก Text 3 ใหนกเรยนทกและเปดเสยง Text ใหฟงเพอทำ�คว�มเข�ใจ7.ครถ�มนกเรยนเกยวกบเรองทอ�นเพอตรวจสอบคว�มเข�ใจ เชน - How many kinds of musical instrument ?- Which kind of musical instrument is easy to learn ?- Which kind of musical instrument do you like most ? Why?
Post-WritingActivity 1: What am I ?1.ครใหนกเรยนแบงกลม กลมละ 3 คน2.ครอธบ�ยก�รทำ�กจกรรม What am I ? ใหนกเรยนฟง 3.ครแจกกระด�ษใหนกเรยนแตละกลม กลมละ 1 ชด4.ครใหนกเรยนสงตวแทนกลมออกม�จบสล�ก ซงในสล�กบตรรปภ�พจะมรปเครองดนตร หนงชนดพรอมชอ5.ครใหนกเรยนทกกลมชวยกนเขยนบรรย�ยลกษณะของเครองดนตรทไดรบผดชอบนนเพอใหแนวท�งในก�รตอบคำ�ถ�มแกเพอน
Vocabulary wind instrument: a musical instrument in
which the sound is produced by an
enclosed column of air that is moved
by the breath
string instrument: any musical instrument
with string that you play with your
fingers or with a bow
percussion instrument: a musical
instrument in which the sound is
produced by one object striking
another
blow: to breathe hard or quick; to pant; to puff
stroke: a gentle, caressing touch or movement
upon something
pluck: to pull
hit: bring your hand, or an object you are
holding, against something quickly and with force
shake: to move or make someone or something move with short quick movements from side to side or up and down
Text 2Structure
How to use “Gerund”Gerunds (-ing)When a verb ends in -ing, it may be a gerund or a
present participle. It is important to understand that they are not the same. Gerunds are sometime called “verbal nouns”When we use a verb in -ing form more like a noun, it is usually a gerund:
Fishing is fun.When we use a verb in -ing form more like a verb or an adjective, it is usually a present participle:
Anthony is fishing. I have a boring teacher.
Usage:
1. Gerunds as Subject, Object or Complement
Try to think of gerunds as verbs in noun form.Like nouns, gerunds can be the subject, object or
complement of a sentence: Smoking costs a lot of money. I don't like writing. My favourite occupation is reading.
But, like a verb, a gerund can also have an object itself. In this case, the whole expression [gerund + object] can be the subject, object or complement of the sentence.
Smoking cigarettes costs a lot of money. I don't like writing letters. My favourite occupation is reading detective
stories.Like nouns, we can use gerunds with adjectives (including articles and other determiners):
pointless questioning a settling of debts the making of Titanic his drinking of alcohol
But when we use a gerund with an article, it does not usually take a direct object:
a settling of debts (not a settling debts) Making "Titanic" was expensive. The making of "Titanic" was expensive.2.Gerunds after Prepositions
This is a good rule. It has no exceptions!If we want to use a verb after a preposition, it must
be a gerund. It is impossible to use an infinitive after a preposition. So for example, we say:
I will call you after arriving at the office. Please have a drink before leaving. I am looking forward to meeting you. Do you object to working late? Tara always dreams about going on holiday.
Notice that you could replace all the above gerunds with "real" nouns:
I will call you after my arrival at the office. Please have a drink before your departure. I am looking forward to our lunch. Do you object to this job? Tara always dreams about holidays
.3.Gerunds after Certain Verbs
We sometimes use one verb after another verb. Often the second verb is in the infinitive form, for example:
I want to eat.But sometimes the second verb must be in gerund
form, for example: I dislike eating.
This depends on the first verb. Here is a list of verbs that are usually followed by a verb in gerund form:
Look at these examples: She is considering having a holiday. Do you feel like going out? I can't help falling in love with you. I can't stand not seeing you.4.Gerunds in Passive Sense
We often use a gerund after the verbs need, require and want. In this case, the gerund has a passive sense.
I have three shirts that need washing. (need to be washed)
This letter requires signing. (needs to be signed) The house wants repainting. (needs to be
repainted)
Text 3There are many different kinds of musical
instruments. Three common kinds are wind instruments, string instruments and percussion.
Wind instruments are played by blowing air into them. They are often easy to learn, although some can be quite difficult to play well. Common examples include the trumpet, flute and clarinet.
While-WritingWriting game
Direction: Fill the vocabulary from the text into the table.
For example:
Text 3There are many different kinds of musical
instruments. Three common kinds are wind instruments, string instruments and percussion.
Wind instruments are played by blowing air into them. They are often easy to learn, although some can be quite difficult to play well. Common examples include the trumpet, flute and clarinet.
Types ………Wind……….. Instrument
……………………….. Instrument
……………………….. Instrument
1 Flute 1 12 2 23 3 3
While-WritingActivity 2 : Compare and Contrast
Direction : Write compare and contrast sentences about two kinds of musical instruments.
Direction : Write a riddle from a given musical instrument. Then, ask your friends to guess the answer.
guitar
What am I ? I am a string instrument. I am played by plucking. My shape looks like violin. I am played with acoustic songs. …….……………………………………………………………. . …………………………………………………………………… .
Answer : guitar
Post–Writing Activity 2 : Music & Story
guitar
Direction: Listen to the instrumental song and write the story base on the feeling of the song.
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