Writing Review Paper NORLIANA MOHD ABBAS, PhD Friday, 8 Dec 2017 Alamanda Hall, FKM 1 Knowledge Sharing Session
Writing
Review Paper
NORLIANA MOHD ABBAS, PhD
Friday, 8 Dec 2017 Alamanda Hall, FKM
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Knowledge Sharing Session
Overview
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1.My profile & why I write the Review Paper
2.What is a Review Paper?
3.The writing journey
4.How to “WIN”?
5.Conclusion
Profile
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NORLIANA BINTI MOHD ABBAS Faculty of Mechanical Engineering
PhD Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Masanori Kunieda
Dec 2015
Research area: Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM)
MSc Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Darius Solomon
Nov 2016
Doctor of Philosophy in Precision Engineering, The University of Tokyo Master of Science in Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA Bachelor of Engineering with Honours (Mechanical), Universiti Teknologi MARA Diploma in Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
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A machining process where the material is removed by series of electrical discharges between tool and workpiece in the presence of dielectric fluid.
Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM)
Tool electrode
Workpiece
Bubbles and debris Dielectric
liquid
EDM Process
Plastic injection mould for mobile phone Micro holes for turbine blade machined using micro EDM
+
-
The Beginning
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How it started? Received Tenaga Pengajar Muda (TPM) scholarship for masters’ degree in Advanced Manufacturing Technology. Met Dr. Darius to get some advice and finally became my supervisor.
Why we write the review paper? To utilized the information we have gathered. Both of us (my supervisor & me) were new in the area. I read a lot to know about the research-scenario.
What is a Review Paper?
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An overview of a specific subject by revising previously published studies.
Does not discuss/report about any new data.
Review articles can be: 1. A narrative review explains the existing knowledge on a topic
based on all the published research available on the topic.
2. A systematic review searches for the answer to a particular question in the existing scientific literature on a topic.
3. A meta-analysis compares and combines the findings of previously published studies, usually to assess the effectiveness of an intervention.
Meta-analysis: quantitative statistical analysis that is applied to separate but similar experiments of different and usually independent researchers and that involves pooling the data and using the pooled data to test the effectiveness of the results
What is a Review Paper? cont.
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Review articles reveal about: a) recent advances and discoveries
b) significant gaps in the area
c) current debates
d) ideas on the direction of the research area
e) main people working in a field
What is a Review Paper? cont.
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Total citations (on Friday, 8 Dec 2017): 539
How I did? / Where to start?
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Draft the outline
Select the area of interest
Read, read and read
Look for review paper within the same area
Writing the manuscript
Submission
Comments from reviewer, Corrections & Resubmission
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Select the area of interest
Select the area of interest
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1. What is the difference?
Title
Topic
Area KFC
Burger
Zinger
Example: Fast-food industry
Chicken Drinks Desserts
Colonel
McD Burger King
Select the area of interest
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1energy saving/green energy, halal, micro machining, internet of things (IoT) in education, etc. 2Area projected by the faculty/supervisor depending on needs.
Self interest
Future research
area (for PhD?)
Directive2
Topic studied during
masters’ degree
Interesting or
Current issue1
2. How to select?
Select the area of interest
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3. Why it is so important?
You will have to
Write a “story” about it
Understand and
synthesize the
information
Read: tens to
hundreds of manuscript
days and nights
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Look for review paper within the same area
Review paper within the same area
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1. Example of review paper titles: a) A Review of …
b) Recent Advances on …
c) State of the art …
d) Recent Development …
e) A Perspective on …
f) Critical issue about …
g) … : A Review
Review paper within the same area
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My main references
Review paper within the same area
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2. Purpose?
To identify the topic to be
selected
To get the idea how the
information is presented
You may want to i) Improve the published
review paper (X) ii) Write about other
different topic (√)
Reason? Direction, uniqueness, etc.
To give you rough idea on what is written in review paper & how people did it
Within the same area
Review paper within the same area
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3. Why?
WHAT was done HOW they did it
a) Writing style b) Presentation of the
content c) etc.
a) Topic b) Content c) etc.
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Read, read and read
Read, read and read
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1. Source of information
Primary source
Original research results in journals, dissertations, conference proceedings, correspondence
Review articles, meta-analysis, practice guidelines, monographs on a specific subject
Textbooks, encyclopedia, handbooks, newspapers
Secondary source
Tertiary source
Read, read and read
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2. Reference resources
Scopus
Research gate
Hard copy (Library)
Google scholar
Online database
Many more!!
Read, read and read
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3. How to read & what to capture?
No. Title Author Topic Keywords Method Parameter Results Conclusion
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Active reading 1. Develop a table with several columns* 2. Fill in the information
* Number and item for columns depends on your needs
Read, read and read
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4. Reading example
No. Title Author Topic Key
words
Method Parameter Resul
ts Conclu
sion
1. Normal EDM Tool mat.: copper W/piece mat.: copper
2. Dry EDM Tool mat.: copper W/piece mat.: stainless steel
3. Micro EDM: High speed
rotation
Tool mat.: copper tungsten W/piece mat.: titanium
4. Micro EDM: Non-contact
Tool mat.: copper tungsten, tungsten W/piece mat.: titanium
5. Normal EDM
Tool mat.: tungsten carbide W/piece mat.: titanium
Read, read and read
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5. Overview of the gathered info Translate the obtained info into mind map
Parameter Tool
Workpiece
Copper: 1, 2 Copper tungsten: 3,4 Tungsten: 4
Tungsten carbide: 5
Stainless steel: 2,
Material
Titanium: 3,4,5 Copper: 1
EDM
Topic Normal EDM: 1,5 Micro EDM
High speed rotation: 3 Dry EDM: 2 Non-contact: 4
Read, read and read
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6. How many paper to read/review?
Did the mind map without having the table
- Always have to refer to the manuscript
- Difficult to work when you do not have the “summary”
7. My mistake
- Subjective depending on the strength of your “story” I read around 300 but cited only 109 references
Read, read and read
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8. Important reminder a) You will be dealing with large amount of
references
b) You might need a Reference Management Tool/software or good record keeping/filing e.g. Zotero, Mendeley, Endnote etc.
c) Purpose: i) To organize references and full-text manuscript ii) To handle citation during writing
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Draft the outline
Draft the outline
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1. Before outlining the content
Where to submit? i) Check the “aims & scope” of potential journal
ii) Your content should be aligned with the objective
of the journal - to reduce rejection rate iii) Read & check carefully the submission
requirement - some journal only allows “invited review paper” iv) Look for the highest impact factor possible.
Draft the outline
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2. Draft of manuscript
What you want to highlight?
What is the direction of your manuscript - your aims
Difference between your manuscript and the published work - your strength
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Writing the manuscript
Writing the manuscript
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1. What to consider
- avoid repetition - use short and simple sentences - Easy to understand : some people said “bombastic” words are
better but not my supervisor
a) Concise and sufficiently minimum
- arrange the “story” appropriately
b) Logic
- creative & attractive
c) Presentation: Image /Graf /Table / Figure
Writing the manuscript
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2. Example of figures (from my review paper)
Progress of method in combining ultrasonic vibration with EDM from 1995-2006
Research studies conducted in dry EDM
Writing the manuscript
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Theoretical models available in literature for simulating the input and output
parameter
2. Example of figures (from my review paper)
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Submission
Submission
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1. Things to consider a) Follow the format carefully
- to reduce rejection rate
b) Read the manuscript carefully and thoroughly
- check the language, spelling, continuity of the content etc.
- you may need somebody else to comment
c) Cover letter to journal editor - some journal require cover letter
To reduce mistakes as minimum
possible
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Comments from reviewer, Corrections & Resubmission
Comments from reviewer,
Corrections & Resubmission
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After submitting the manuscript, you have to wait between 1-4 months to get the comments from reviewer. How the process is done (roughly): 1. After submission, the Editor will check the
relevancy of your manuscript with the aims of the journal.
2. IF rejected, you will be notify within 2-4 weeks. 3. IF accepted, editor will appoint 2-3 reviewers. 4. Reviewing process will proceed 5. “Result” released to corresponding author
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2. My experience
Comments from reviewer,
Corrections & Resubmission
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2. My experience cont.
voluntarily unknown
1 2 3
Comments from reviewer,
Corrections & Resubmission
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2. My experience cont.
Comments from reviewer,
Corrections & Resubmission
Regional editor suggested us to reconsider the content and resubmit the manuscript
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3. What happened?
Plan to submit to other journal
Me My SV
“Down” for 2 weeks
Stress So positive
Read the comments very carefully
Plan on corrective action
Comments from reviewer,
Corrections & Resubmission
Redo all over again according to the comments
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4. My experience: Timeline
Comments from reviewer,
Corrections & Resubmission
Do the reading and submit the manuscript to regional editor
Jul – Nov 2005
Mac 2006
Received comments from reviewer
Resubmit the corrections to regional editor
May 2006
Aug 2006
Accepted
How to “WIN”?
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1. Very subjective a) Editor – check on the needs (general) b) Reviewer (expert of the area) - check on the needs (specifically) - benefits to readers - content & maturity of the manuscript - direction of the research area
2. What is your “WOW” factor
How can you do?
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1. Get a group - cooperative - reliable - functional 2. Draft your timeline - meeting - discuss - deadline 3. Support each other
Conclusions
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1. Writing a review paper is interesting - get to know many things BUT stay focus - time consuming: need passion & perseverance 2. Ability to - see the needs of the area (usually mastered by
experienced researcher) - present the information “creative & attractive” 3. YOU CAN DO IT!!
References
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https://www.concordia.ca/library/guides/exercise-science/review-vs-research.html https://www.editage.com/insights/what-is-the-difference-between-a-research-paper-and-a-review-paper https://www.lib.utexas.edu/lsl/help/modules/review.html http://research.library.gsu.edu/c.php?g=115595&p=1940435
Thank You
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T1-A11-6C Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Engineering Complex Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor MALAYSIA Tel: 03-5543 6147 Email: [email protected] [email protected]