Wright3 curriculum guide

The Wright 3

By Blue Balliett

A Curriculum Guide

The Wright 3 Curriculum Guide

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Table of Contents Letter of Welcome 3 Art/Architecture Activities 4 Art/Architecture Discussion Questions 4 Language Arts Activities 5 Language Arts Discussion Questions 5 Social Studies Activities 6 Social Studies Discussion Questions 7 Math Activities 8 Math Discussion Questions 8 Appendix 1. Architecture vocabulary list 9 2. Letter from Sunny Robie 11 3. Victorian/Prairie style comparison 12 4. Robie House floorplans 14 5. Historic photos 17 Applicable National Curriculum Standards 19


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Dear Educator: The Wright 3 by Blue Balliett has sparked a lot of interest in Chicago’s Frederick C. Robie House, designed by Frank Lloyd Wright and completed in 1910. The Frank Lloyd Wright Preservation Trust, along with the National Trust for Historic Preservation, operates the Robie House as an architectural house museum open to the public. Many young readers of the novel are bringing their parents to tour this landmark structure. Unfortunately, not everyone who reads The Wright 3 is able to visit the Robie House personally. This website allows you to view some of the spaces featured in The Wright 3 by clicking on Tours, then scrolling down to The Wright 3 Tour. We hope that you and your students have enjoyed the book and are now interested in pursuing its ideas and concepts through some follow-up activities. This curriculum guide suggests activities and discussion topics in the various disciplines relevant to architecture: art, social studies, language arts, and math. Balliett’s themes of restoration, preservation, the value of art, and the significance of home and family are the touchstones of these ideas. The appendix contains all the materials you will need to complete the activities or to develop your own. Our standard Teacher Packet (www.wrightplus.org/programs/teacher.html) with information about Frank Lloyd Wright, the Robie House, and Wright’s Home and Studio in Oak Park, Illinois, is also available for download at this Website. It contains an extensive glossary of architectural terms. In addition, an illustrated biography of Frank Lloyd Wright is also available on our homepage as well as an illustrated history of the Robie House. The website www.architectstudio3d.org gives students the opportunity to design a house with Frank Lloyd Wright as their guide. It also provides a biography and general architectural information. We would love to hear about activities and projects you have pursued as a result of students’ interest in the Robie House. Please email us at [email protected] and tell us of your students’ accomplishments. We hope to be able to showcase student work at the Robie House itself for our visitors to enjoy. Thank you to Robie House intern Sarah Rafson and Pennsylvania fourth-grade teacher Sally Rafson for developing this guide. Sincerely, The Frank Lloyd Wright Preservation Trust Education Department Jan Kieckhefer, Director


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Art/Architecture Activities

• Wright’s design is in the Prairie style that reflects the Midwestern landscape. Sketch a design for a house that reflects the landscape in your area and explain how it does. What would you name this style? Why?

• Think about the many features of the Robie House that were designed for family living.

Design a new home for your family. Use the design studio at www.architectstudio3d.org to help you.

• Create an art glass window design using the pentomino shapes and 1” grid paper. Using

colored cellophane, turn your classroom windows into art glass.

• “The Robie House seemed more like a collection of shallow, open boxes stacked casually one on top of the other, some overlapping and some not” (The Wright 3, p. 80). Use the pentominos in a stacked and overlapping way to design another structure. What is its function? Use small boxes to construct a model.

Discussion questions:

• What makes the Robie House a good example of the Prairie style?

• Some people have compared the Robie House to a tree house. The Germans nicknamed it dampfer (steamship) architecture. What does the Robie House look like to you? Why?

• Ms. Hussey thinks it would be “murder” to split the Robie House into sections and display

them in museums. Do you agree? Why or why not?

• Are there any houses that stand out in your neighborhood? What makes them unique? Age? Shape? Materials?

• In The Wright 3 the Robie House seemed to be alive. What gives a house its soul? How can

a house seem to be alive or dead?

• Is there art in architecture? Is the Robie House a work of art? Why or why not?


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Language arts Activities

• If The Wright 3 were to be made into a movie or TV show, write a possible theme song that includes several words from your architecture vocabulary list. (Appendix 1)

• Perform a Wright 3 puppet show. Construct a set based on the Robie House and write the

script, an abbreviated version of the plot.

• Read the letter written by Sunny Robie, the first boy to live in the Robie House (Appendix 2). Now write a diary as if you were Tommy Segovia, the first child to live in the Robie House since 1926.

• Write a fictional article (accompanied by an illustration) for a Chicago newspaper reporting

an alternative ending to The Wright 3. What happened to Tommy, Petra, and Calder? What happened to the Robie House? What happened to the criminals inside the house?

• Combining phrases from the book and your own impressions and figures of speech, create

lines of a poem that capture your personal impressions of the Robie House. For an additional challenge, arrange your phrases in such a way that an outline of the poem looks like the shape of the Robie House.

• After doing some research on your own house or a house or building in your neighborhood

(or maybe even your school building), write a short biography of the building. Bring the building to life as if it were a person, discussing its beginnings, changes over time, and its reaction to different uses by different people or families. Or let the building “speak” and write its own autobiography.


• Why did Tommy, Calder and Petra care about the Robie House? The three characters engaged with the Robie House in different ways and liked it for different reasons. What were those reasons? Think about the most special building in your life and describe why it is so special to you.

• Compare and contrast the design of the Robie House to Victorian houses of the time and to

suburban houses of today. (Appendix 3 provides a guide for discussion.)

• What is historically true about the story and what has the author altered? Is the author biased toward either keeping the Robie House standing or splitting it up and letting it live in museums? What do you think is the best way to preserve a piece of architecture and why?


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Social Studies Activities

• Petra said the Robie House seemed “maze-like” on p. 79 in chapter 10. Navigate the twists and turns of the floor plans according to the chase scene of chapters 29-31. Draw the path the characters took through the house. Create symbols and a legend to indicate where the events happened in these chapters. (Floorplans in Appendix 4.)

• Color code the floor plans according to function: use colors to distinguish the formal spaces

to impress guests, family spaces where the Robie family could relax , and servant spaces for the people and machines that let the Robie family live comfortably. (Appendix 4.)

• Examine the photos taken in 1916 by the Wilber family in the house (Appendix 5). Using

the floor plans, indicate where in the house each photo was taken.

• Create an architectural guide to your neighborhood, street, or block. Make a map of your neighborhood (see the map in The Wright 3) and classify different types of buildings. Are they houses or businesses? Separated or attached? Tall or short? Old or new? Are they similar architectural styles or different? Sketch and describe examples of the different types of buildings to accompany the map.

• Keep a collection of newspaper articles that have to do with preserving historic buildings.

Scrapbook these articles throughout the year. At the end of the year conclude your book with a description of the state of historic preservation in your area.

• Find a building in your area that was built before 1950. What is its story? Find out how it

has been used in different ways since it was built and try to find pictures of it when it was new. Does it look different now than it did then? How has it changed?

• Walk around a neighborhood in your area with older buildings. Make a checklist of ways

that people change or modify buildings. As you walk down the street, keep track of how many of these changes you can see in the buildings.

• Read the article that Ms. Hussey reads on p. 15-18 in chapter 3 and the information Petra

reads in chapter 12 on p. 104-109. Using this information as your guide, make a visual timeline of the Robie House’s history.

• Think about how well you know the houses in your neighborhood. Do research in a library

to find if there are any architectural “treasures” in your area, too.


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• Research one or more of the modern houses listed below. o Mies van der Rohe’s Tugendhat House, 1930 o Frank Lloyd Wright’s Fallingwater, 1934 o Charles Eames’ Eames House, 1945 o Philip Johnson’s Glass House, 1949 o Pierre Koenig’s Stahl House, 1960

What distinguishes these houses from traditional Victorian style homes? Is either style better for family life?


• Even though the Robie House was designed 100 years ago, it was designed for a family. It had a playroom, a courtyard, ample space for kids to run around, and built-in furniture that the kids could not break. Think about designing a new home for your family. What would you include? How has family life changed since the Robies lived in their house in 1910?

• Do you know of any houses that have been threatened like the Robie House? When is it

okay to tear down an old building and when is it important to save it? Why might a business owner have a different opinion than a historian?

• In chapter 29, the Wright 3 hid behind a terrace wall and overheard people talking about the

house’s destruction. When Ms. Hussey took her class to protest the destruction of the Robie House, their message attracted media attention. Did this help save the house? If so, how? Look in your local newspaper. Try to find a time when architecture has caused discussion in your neighborhood or city.

• In the book, Ms. Hussey encouraged her fourth grade class to get involved in saving the

house. In real life, a fourth grade class in Hyde Park held a bake sale and raised about $500 to go towards the restoration of the Robie House. Kids have more power than you think! Can you think of ways that you can help save a historical treasure in your neighborhood or city?


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Math Activities

• Design your own art glass window using the Fibonacci ratio. (See Appendix 1 for definition.)

• Design a floorplan using www.architectstudio3d.org. Enlarge the design by transferring it to

one-inch grid paper, maintaining scale and proportion. If you like, build a model of your design with cardboard walls and glue on the 1” grid.

• Measure your own house or apartment. Find the area of each room. Compare the sizes of

the rooms to the standard sizes given in the architecture information section of www.architectstudio3d.org.

• Using the Robie House floorplan, calculate the actual measurements of the Robie House

rooms. Measure your own classroom and compare it to the size of Robie House. Discussion questions:

• Geometry was very important to Frank Lloyd Wright’s architecture. How did Blue Balliett, the author, make the triangle important to the characters and the plot of the book? Where can you see triangles in the Robie House?

• How would you explain the Fibonacci Ratio to others? Why do you think the author

included it in this book? Where did Frank Lloyd Wright use it in the Robie House?


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Appendix 1

Architecture Vocabulary List Suggested vocabulary to use in discussion about architecture and the Robie House. Additional vocabulary may be found in the Teacher Packet at www.wrightplus.org/programs/teacher.html

1. Art glass- Glass panels made of many small panes of glass separated by lead or zinc dividers (called cames); either colored or clear glass can be used. The Robie House has 174 art glass windows.

2. Cantilever- A horizontal projection with no visible means of support. A diving board is a good example of a cantilever. Cantilever technology is used in the roof of the Robie House. The eves of the west roof extend 17’5” from the nearest support, a feat made possible by the use of steel beams.

3. Casement windows- A window hinged on one side that opens like a door—the preferred window of the Prairie style. Nearly all of the art glass windows and doors in the Robie House open up to let nature inside.

4. Commercial architecture- A type of building meant to house a business. 5. Dampfer architecture- “Steamship” architecture; a nickname given to the Robie House in

Germany. Some believe the house looks like a steamship, and in 1910 the Robie House was as modern to the world as steamships were then.

6. Decoration- Something added to a structure to make it more beautiful. 7. Domestic architecture- A type of building meant to be a home. 8. Exterior- The outside of a building. 9. Fibonacci numbers and ratio- Fibonacci’s number sequence in which each number is the

sum of the two before it, i.e., 1,2,3,5,8. Geometrical designs can be created using shapes whose sides grow successively larger according to Fibonacci’s number sequence.

10. Floor plan- A drawing that illustrates in simple terms the size and arrangement of rooms in a building.

11. Formal spaces- The parts of a house meant primarily to entertain and impress guests. These are often the most lavishly decorated spaces.

12. Geometrical ornamentation- Something added to a structure to make it more beautiful using shapes made from points, lines, angles and planes in geometry. Examples include circles, triangles, squares, spheres and cubes.

13. Historic preservation- Preventing further change or destruction to keep a building or object as it is.

14. Horizontal- Flat and straight across. 15. Informal spaces- The parts of a house meant to be used for practical purposes by the

family or its servants, usually not as richly decorated as the formal spaces. 16. Interior- The inside of a building. 17. Iridescence- Lustrous, rainbow-like colors. The art glass windows of the Robie House are

noted for their iridescence. 18. Organic design- Frank Lloyd Wright’s philosophy of organic design stated that a building

should be a whole whose parts are all related.


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19. Prairie style- The term describing the work originated by Frank Lloyd Wright and other architects around the beginning of the 20th century, which was designed to be a truly American form, free of European influences, and inspired by the environment. Characteristics include:

- open floor plan - low, horizontal design that reflects the Midwestern prairie - geometric forms - windows grouped in a series—or band—known as ribbon windows - limited exterior materials (wood, stone, brick, stucco), usually only one or two - integrated furniture, often built-in - wood banding or trim on walls - colors taken from the palette of Nature

20. Restoration- Taking a building back to exactly the way it looked at a certain time. The Robie House is currently being restored to its 1910 condition.

21. Ribbon windows- A series of windows separated only by frames, which forms a horizontal band; Wright and other Prairie school architects often used such groupings.

22. Roman-style bricks- The elongated rectangular style of bricks used in the Robie House, longer and narrower than standard bricks.

23. Urns- Decorative stone planters such as those that sit on the south walls surrounding the Robie House.

24. Victorian architecture- A style of domestic architecture popular in the mid-19th century. Main aspects of the style include a strong vertical direction; a steep gable roof; windows located randomly, usually one or two per room; and a center axis with box-like rooms. Often the houses were colorful with large amounts of applied decoration.


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Appendix 2

Letter from Sunny Robie Dear Young Visitors: Hello! I understand that you are planning to visit the Robie House, which was my home when I was three years old. My father, Frederick Robie, hired the architect Frank Lloyd Wright to design our house. Mr. Wright wasn’t too famous then, but he is very famous now, and our house is one of his greatest accomplishments. While it was being built, I used to play in the big piles of sand that the builders used to make mortar and concrete. I also had fun walking on the boards the workmen used as bridges for their wheelbarrows and carts. They seemed very high and dangerous to me, even though they were only a foot off the ground. The Robie House is special because in it Frank Lloyd Wright tried out many ideas that became known as the Prairie style. For example, there is a lot of open, flowing space in the house, so our family spent a lot of time together. Notice how few of the rooms can be closed off with doors. My father asked Mr. Wright to create a special place for my sister and me to play. We had our own playroom on the ground floor with a door that opened onto a play area outside. We could ride our tricycles right out the playroom door and into the courtyard! My father also asked for a high wall to be built around our courtyard so we could play safely. My mother could keep an eye on us from the balcony above the courtyard without having to come downstairs. In our playroom, notice how the fireplace is child-sized. We loved the beautiful art glass windows in our house. Mr. Wright loved nature, and he wanted us to be able to see the sky and the trees. When the house was built, there were no buildings across the street. We could see all the way to the Midway Plaisance two blocks away! In the winter, we watched people ice skate there. I hope you enjoy your visit to this house that Frank Lloyd Wright built for my family. You can experience for yourself the beauty, light, and space that surrounded us in Mr. Wright’s design. Sincerely, Fred “Sunny” Robie, Jr. Written by Jan Kieckhefer, based on information from a 1996 interview with Lorraine Robie O’Connor and from Frank Lloyd Wright’s Robie House by Donald Hoffman.

The Wright 3 Curriculum Guide 12

A Contrast in Style Prairie and Victorian Architecture

Wright’s Prairie Style

At the turn of the last century, many of today’s everyday features were strange curiousities. The country was becoming urbanized, industrialized, motorized, and electrified. Frank Lloyd Wright, designing in his studio in Oak Park, Illinois, was making revolutionary changes in American architecture.

He rebelled against the elaborate exuberance of the Victorian style, with its historic ties to Europe. He set about to create a new, truly American style. He designed buildings that reflected their Midwestern landscape and called them Prairie style houses. They were homes that used humble materials in a natural way — homes with strong horizontal lines; bands of art glass windows; wide, protective eaves; and welcoming, centrally-located fireplaces.

By opening up narrow doorways, space literally flowed from room to room without interruption. Wright’s open floor plan broke the “boxes” of the Victorian style. His interiors featured innovative built-in furniture and indirect lighting, and he designed carpets, lamps and other decorative elements that enhanced his architectural designs.

Prairie1900-1925

Horizontal emphasis

Integration with site

Banded windows

Low-pitched, often hipped roofs

Low, broad chimney

Obscure entrance for privacy

Simple materials used naturally, honestly

Open plan—spacious interior

Victorian1880-1900

Vertical emphasis

No relationship to site

Random windows

Tall, steep-pitched roofs

Tall narrow chimney

Direct, formal entrance

Fanciful, ornate materials and decorations

“Box” rooms form the interior spaces

Basement and attics


Prairie Style House

Victorian Style House


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Appendix 4 Robie House floorplans See the following two pages.




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Appendix 5 Historic Photos

Courtesy of Richard Twiss/The Frank Lloyd Wright Preservation Trust Jeannette Wilber at her desk, Robie House, 1916

Courtesy Scott Elliot/The Frank Lloyd Wright Preservation Trust Jeannette Wilbur plays with toys, Robie House, 1916


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The Frank Lloyd Wright Preservation Trust Isadora, Jeannette, and Marshall Wilber, Robie House, 1916

The Frank Lloyd Wright Preservation Trust Jeannette Wilber, Robie House, 1916


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The Wright 3 Curriculum Guide National Educational Standards met by suggested activities and discussion questions

Elementary School English Standards National Council of Teachers of English http://www.ncte.org/about/over/standards/110846.htm 1. Students read a wide range of print and non-print texts to build an understanding of texts, of themselves, and of the cultures of the United States and the world; to acquire new information; to respond to the needs and demands of society and the workplace; and for personal fulfillment. Among these texts are fiction and nonfiction, classic and contemporary works. 3. Students apply a wide range of strategies to comprehend, interpret, evaluate, and appreciate texts. They draw on their prior experience, their interactions with other readers and writers, their knowledge of word meaning and of other texts, their word identification strategies, and their understanding of textual features (e.g., sound-letter correspondence, sentence structure, context, graphics). 4. Students adjust their use of spoken, written, and visual language (e.g., conventions, style, vocabulary) to communicate effectively with a variety of audiences and for different purposes. 7. Students conduct research on issues and interests by generating ideas and questions, and by posing problems. They gather, evaluate, and synthesize data from a variety of sources (e.g., print and non-print texts, artifacts, people) to communicate their discoveries in ways that suit their purpose and audience. 12. Students use spoken, written, and visual language to accomplish their own purposes (e.g., for learning, enjoyment, persuasion, and the exchange of information). Geography Standards National Council for Geographic Education http://www.ncge.org/publications/tutorial/standards/ 1. How to use maps and other geographic representations, tools, and technologies to acquire, process, and report information. 3. How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth’s surface. 6. How culture and experience influence people’s perception of places and regions. Social Studies Standards National Council for the Social Studies Standards http://www.socialstudies.org/standards/strands/ 2. Social studies programs should include experiences that provide for the study of the ways human beings view themselves in and over time. 3. Social studies programs should include experiences that provide for the study of people, places, and environments. 8. Social studies programs should include experiences that provide for the study of relationships among science, technology, and society.


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9. Social studies programs should include experiences that provide for the study of global connections and interdependence. 10. Social studies programs should include experiences that provide for the study of the ideals, principles, and practices of citizenship in a democratic republic. Visual Arts Standards Arts Edge Standards http://artsedge.kennedy-center.org/teach/standards.cfm?subjectId=VAR&gradeBandId=2&x=11&y=8&sortColumn 2. Using knowledge of structures and functions. 3. Choosing and evaluating a range of subject matter, symbols, and ideas 4. Understanding the visual arts in relation to history and cultures 5. Reflecting upon and assessing the characteristics and merits of their work and the work of others 6. Making connections between visual arts and other disciplines Historical Thinking Standards National Council for History in the Schools http://nchs.ucla.edu/standards/ 1. Chronological thinking 3. Historical Analysis and Interpretation 4. Historical Research Capabilities 5. Historical Issues-Analysis and Decision-Making

Wright3 curriculum guide

Documents

robie house appendix

robie house floorplans

tree house

cana house

robie housesince

architectural house

curriculum guide2

curriculum guide3