WPAN Wireless Personal Area Network TSKS03 Wireless Systems, Lecture 9 Mikael Olofsson, spring 2010
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WPANWireless Personal Area Network
TSKS03 Wireless Systems, Lecture 9Mikael Olofsson, spring 2010
WPAN-like Systems
• IrDA – Infrared Data Association• UWB – Ultra Wide Band• Z-Wave – Remote control• Bluetooth – Short range network• ZigBee – Short range network
PAN: Personal Area Network. Small, within a few meters.
WPAN: Wireless PAN. Mostly short-range, low-power, low-rate networks. More or less self-organizing.
IrDA – Infrared Data Association• Medium: Infrared light• Range: Approximately 1m.• Direction: Directed within at least ±15 degrees.• Datarate: 2.4 kb/s to 16 Mb/s• Point-to-point
Requires line-of-sight. IrDA was popular on laptops and some desktops during the late 90s through the early 2000s. Replaced by Bluetooth and WiFi.
IrDA – Infrared Data Association
• medical instrumentation, • test and measurement equipment, • palmtop computers, • mobile phones, • laptop computers
Blandade anteckningar från internet. Wikipedia:
UWB – Ultra Wide Band• Medium: Radio• Small low-power networks. • Uses at least 500MHz of bandwidth. (528 MHz)• Datarate: Up to 480 Mb/s• Rate 1/3 convolutional code with various puncturing
schemes.• Modulation: QPSK and 16-QAM. Used with OFDM.• Frequency bands: 14 bands between 3.1 – 10.6 GHz.• Power control: Yes.
Z-Wave• Medium: Radio• Very low-rate communication for in-door use,
primarily remote control.• Frequency band: Uses the 900 MHz ISM-bands
(varies between countries). Less interference thanfor systems in the 2.4 GHz band.
• Datarate: 9.6 kb/s or 40 kb/s• Modulation: GFSK• Range: 30m (line-of-sight)• Max power: 1mW (USA), 25 mW (Europe)• Topology: Mesh network (no master node).
Bluetooth
• Medium: Radio• Small low-power, low-rate, networks.• Frequency band: 2.4 GHz band.• Based on IEEE 802.15.1• Three classes:
1: 100mW, 100m 2: 2.5mW, 10m 3: 1mW, 1m• Datarates: Up to 3 Mb/s• Access-method: FH-CDMA – with collisions• Modulation: GFSK, PSK, DQPSK, 8-DPSK.
Named after Harald Blåtand (Bluetooth), king of Denmark and later also Norway, dead 986 or 987. United and connected Denmark and Norway.
ZigBee• Medium: Radio• Based on IEEE 802.15.4-2003.• Self-organizing ad-hoc network.• Frequency bands:
868 MHz with BPSK and 20 kb/s915 MHz with BPSK and 40 kb/s2.4 GHz with QPSK and 250 kb/s
• Range: 10-75 m.• Spread spectrum: FH-CDMA• Access method: CSMA/CA (carrier sense multiple
access/collision avoidance)
The OSI Model
Session Layer
Transport Layer
Receiving application.
Presentation Layer
Data Link Layer
Physical Layer
Network Layer
Application Layer
Inverse representation mapping.
Negotiates starting and stoppingsessions.
Reassembles a whole message from packets.
Reassembling packets.
Takes a bitstream as input and delivers packets as output.
Translates received signal into a bitstream.
Sending application.
Representation of data, such as encryption.
Negotiates starting and stoppingsessions.
Translates a whole message intopackets.
Routing packets.
Translates packets into a bitstream.
Translates a bitstream into a signal accepted by the channel.
Sender side Receiver side
The actualphysical channel
IEEE 802 Standards Overview
802.2 Logical Link
802.1 Bridging
Token Ring IntegratedServices
DemandPriority
WiMAX
Token Bus DistributedQueue
Token Bus
WLAN Bluetoothand
ZigBee
802.
1 M
anag
emen
t
802
Ove
rvie
wan
d A
rchi
tect
ure
802.
10 S
ecur
ity
802.16 MAC
802.16 PHY
802.15 MAC
802.15 PHY
CSMA/CD
802.3 MAC
802.3 PHY
802.4 MAC
802.4 PHY
802.5 MAC
802.5 PHY
802.6 MAC
802.6 PHY
802.9 MAC
802.9 PHY
802.11 MAC
802.11 PHY
802.12 MAC
802.12PHY
Data Link Layer
PhysicalLayer
Network Layer
IEEE 802 Standards Overview
802.2 Logical Link
802.1 Bridging
CSMA/CD Token Ring IntegratedServices
DemandPriority
WiMAX
Token Bus DistributedQueue
Token Bus
WLAN
802.
1 M
anag
emen
t
802
Ove
rvie
wan
d A
rchi
tect
ure
802.
10 S
ecur
ity
802.15 MAC
802.15 PHY
802.3 MAC
802.3 PHY
802.4 MAC
802.4 PHY
802.5 MAC
802.5 PHY
802.6 MAC
802.6 PHY
802.9 MAC
802.9 PHY
802.11 MAC
802.11 PHY
802.12 MAC
802.12PHY
Data Link Layer
PhysicalLayer
Network Layer
802.16 MAC
802.16 PHY
Bluetoothand
ZigBee
IEEE 802 Standards Overview
802.2 Logical Link
802.1 Bridging
CSMA/CD Token Ring IntegratedServices
DemandPriority
WiMAX
Token Bus DistributedQueue
Token Bus
WLAN
802.
1 M
anag
emen
t
802
Ove
rvie
wan
d A
rchi
tect
ure
802.
10 S
ecur
ity
802.16 MAC
802.16 PHY
802.15 MAC
802.15 PHY
802.3 MAC
802.3 PHY
802.4 MAC
802.4 PHY
802.5 MAC
802.5 PHY
802.6 MAC
802.6 PHY
802.9 MAC
802.9 PHY
802.12 MAC
802.12PHY
Data Link Layer
PhysicalLayer
Network Layer
802.11 MAC
802.11 PHY
Bluetoothand
ZigBee
IEEE 802 Standards Overview
802.2 Logical Link
802.1 Bridging
CSMA/CD Token Ring IntegratedServices
DemandPriority
WiMAX
Token Bus DistributedQueue
Token Bus
WLAN Bluetoothand
ZigBee
802.
1 M
anag
emen
t
802
Ove
rvie
wan
d A
rchi
tect
ure
802.
10 S
ecur
ity
802.16 MAC
802.16 PHY
802.3 MAC
802.3 PHY
802.4 MAC
802.4 PHY
802.5 MAC
802.5 PHY
802.6 MAC
802.6 PHY
802.9 MAC
802.9 PHY
802.11 MAC
802.11 PHY
802.12 MAC
802.12PHY
Data Link Layer
PhysicalLayer
Network Layer
802.15 MAC
802.15 PHY
Is Bluetooth only for headphones?
It is a Wireless Network for ShortRange Communication
Bluetooth Applications
Wireless keyboards
Bluetooth Applications
Handy mobile phones
Bluetooth Applications
In-car communication
Bar-code scanners
Bluetooth Applications
IEEE 802.15.1 - Bluetooth
100 m
Approx range
10 m
1 m
c.f. IEEE Standard 802.15.1-2002
Three power classes for different ranges.
IEEE 802.15.1 - BluetoothModulation: GFSK, Gaussian Frequency Shift Keying
c.f. IEEE Standard 802.15.1-2002
IEEE 802.15.1 - Bluetooth
c.f. IEEE Standard 802.15.1-2002
Error Control Coding 1: Headers and data
Headers
(3,1,3) Repetition Code
Payload
(15,10,4) Shortened Hamming Code
IEEE 802.15.1 - Bluetooth
c.f. IEEE Standard 802.15.1-2002
Error Control Coding 2: CRC – Cyclic Redundancy Check for ARQ
IEEE 802.15.1 - Bluetooth
c.f. IEEE Standard 802.15.1-2002
Timing
Bluetooth Topology
Master
Slave - Active
Parked - Inactive
Stand-By - Disconnected
Bluetooth Piconet
Bluetooth Topology
Master Slave Parked Stand-By
Bluetooth Scatternet
IEEE 802.15.2 - Coexistence
Timing issues
Interference
…
…with other 2.4 GHz technologies
IEEE 802.15.3 – High Speed
c.f. IEEE Standard 802.15.3-2003
Overview of Modulation, Coding and Rates
IEEE 802.15.3 – High Speed
c.f. IEEE Standard 802.15.3-2003
IEEE 802.15.3 – High Speed
c.f. IEEE Standard 802.15.3-2003
TCM – Trellis Coded Modulation
The output of the convolutional encoderchooses signal points.
IEEE 802.15.3 – High Speed
c.f. IEEE Standard 802.15.3-2003
Trellises
IEEE 802.15.3 – High Speed
c.f. IEEE Standard 802.15.3-2003
0
Trellises
IEEE 802.15.3 – High Speed
c.f. IEEE Standard 802.15.3-2003
Trellises
IEEE 802.15.4 - ZigBee
c.f. IEEE Standard 802.15.4-2006
Overview
Wireless Sensor Networks
ZigBee Applications
Agricultural Sensor Networks
ZigBee Applications
Medical Sensor Networks for patient surveillance
ZigBee Applications
One coordinator, the rest is more or less arbitrary.
ZigBee Topology
Coordinator
Router
End node
Star
Mesh
Cluster
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