WP FronthaulNetworks

The rules of competition in regards to Mobile Services are rapidly changing. Customers no longer select a carrier based on pricing but rather on service quality. This pushes mobile network operators to further increase radio access capacity and provide continuous network coverage. Providing a superior user

experience is the most effective way to keep churn at a low rate and attract new users.

However, growing capacity and completing coverage in mobile networks is limited by availability of spectrum. This is addressed by LTE-Advanced, which introduces innovative radio features for highest spectral effi ciency in radio access even within overlapping cell sectors by interference coordination and radio spectrum control with multipoint connections. Technologies for reusing spectrum allow the installation of additional low power cells (Small Cells)

within a Macro Cell. This improves coverage and increases the overall cell capacity.

Such advanced technologies, however, add additional requirements to the network interconnecting base stations and the Evolved Packet Core (EPC). The inter-cell communication needs to meet more stringent demand for delay and delay variation. In addition, the mobile backhaul network (MBH) must be capable of distributing phase and time information in a highly accurate manner. Those requirements can hardly be met by existing mobile backhaul networks, creating a challenging task for either migrating existing networks or complementing the installed base with alternative concepts.

This paper describes the latest LTE features for spectral reuse and maximizing cell capacity. It outlines the impact on the mobile backhaul network and introduces a fronthaul network as an innovative approach to connecting a rapidly increasing number of Small Cells in a future proof and highly

effi cient way. Guidance for best practice fronthaul network implementation is provided.

Increasing Capacity in the Radio Access Network

As mobile operators extend network capacity they install additional cells within the coverage of a Macro Cell as shown in Figure 1. In a heterogeneous network scenario those additional cells could be a different mobile technology operated in a different spectrum (e.g WiFi) or it might be low power Small Cells using the same mobile technology operating in the same spectrum as the Macro Cell.

In case of the latter, effi cient radio resource management must avoid interference that compromises the capacity benefi t of installing additional base stations. LTE is designed to handle interference from neighboring cells and it introduces different technologies to avoid, mitigate or constructively benefi t from interference.

TECHNOLOGY WHITE PAPER

Fronthaul Networks a Key Enabler for LTE-Advanced

Author: Ulrich KohnADVA Optical Networking

ADVA Optical Networking All rights reserved.

The latest LTE features for spectral reuse and maximizing cell capacity.

WHITE PAPERFronthaul Networks a Key Enabler for LTE-Advanced

2

Interference Cancellation with eICIC (enhanced Inter-Cell Interference Coordination)

Inter-cell Interference coordination was introduced with LTE Release 8 and is based on optimizing transmit power levels across neighboring cells for minimum interference e.g. by lowering power for users close to the antenna sites allowing re-use of this spectrum. With LTE-Advanced Release 10 another scheme was added. With eICIC (enhanced inter-cell interference coordination) the Macro Cell frame structures Almost Blank Subframes (ABS), which are used for low power signaling purposes, are re-used by low power radio base stations which operate within the coverage area of the Macro Cell. All sites require common time and phase information in order to synchronize their frame sequence for coordinated access to commonly used time slots. Hence, availability of highly accurate phase and time information is a critical prerequisite for applying this LTE-Advanced feature.

Figure 1: Macro Cells and Small Cells operating in same spectrum with overlapping coverage

Figure 2: Multiple use of Almost Blank Subframes (ABS)

Macro Cell

Small Cell

ABS ABS ABS

Macro Cell Timeframes

WHITE PAPERFronthaul Networks a Key Enabler for LTE-Advanced

3

Interference Avoidance with CoMP - Coordinated Multipoint Transmission

There are further means to avoid interference by implementing time and space diversity technologies or by synchronizing the signal provided from several base stations.

Beam forming technologies are based on MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) schemes, which spatially segment a cell and allow user terminals to operate in the same spectrum. Figure 3 depicts spectral reuse in overlapping cells by steering beams to several terminals. Such beam forming can also be achieved by combining the radio signal from antennas at different sites.

The involved sites need to coordinate their radio frequency signal in a highly accurate way, which requires phase synchronization and high-capacity connectivity with low latency.

Hence, those LTE-Advanced technologies put some additional requirements on the backhaul network. Stringent time and phase synchronization with accuracy in the order of 1s is required for most LTE-Advanced features. In addition some schemes need high capacity inter-site communication.

Most requirements can be met by implementing high-quality time synchronization and in addition inter-cell communication using respective interfaces of the LTE architecture. Such implementation however involves signifi cant complexity.

Impact on Mobile Backhaul Architecture

The above outlined technologies allow a higher spectral effi ciency within overlapping sectors. The required interference management calls for strict coordination of access to the radio spectrum in neighboring cells. Hence, a close cooperation is required among the base stations.

The X2 interface defi ned within the LTE network architecture can be used for such inter-cell coordination. With present mobile backhaul networks, this interface is frequently connected through the service edge router, which links the different Radio Base Stations with its controller or Service Gateway respectively, as shown in Figure 4 with the red solid line.

Figure 3: Beam forming as a means to avoid interference

Beam forming can be achieved by combining the radio signal from antennas at different sites.

The above outlined technologies allow a higher spectral effi ciency within overlapping sectors.

WHITE PAPERFronthaul Networks a Key Enabler for LTE-Advanced

4

Control traffi c must be exchanged with stringent delay requirements of less than 1 ms. Each radio signal needs to be supplied with highly precise time/phase information with an accuracy in the order of 1s. Location-based services demand even lower tolerance of some 100ns as phase differences among several radio signals are used to calculate the location of user

equipment.

Present design practice cannot meet the delay target. Backhaul architectures which switch/route X2 closer to the base station become necessary as indicated with the dotted path in Figure 4. This, however, requires a signifi cant change in network architecture, which may result in signifi cant investment.

Time and Phase Synchronization in Mobile Backhaul Networks

Most present mobile backhaul networks are able to distribute information for frequency synchronization by either using SyncE or packed-based frequency synchronization based on IEEE1588 (Precise Timing Protocol). However, those implementations are not able to provide accurate time and phase synchronization.

There are various strategies how networks can be made capable for distribution of precise phase information. GPS receivers can be co-located with Radio Base Stations but come at high cost and are not suitable for in-door locations. Alternatively, the MBH network can be upgraded with improved synchronization distribution capability, which requires PTP mapped into Ethernet in combination with processing of time stamps within any network node by an embedded Boundary Clock. In many cases, such upgrades result in a rebuild of the complete network.

As Mobile Network Operators prepare their infrastructure for emerging LTE-Advanced, they analyze different strategies on how the backhaul network can provide the required functions. Favorable solutions will allow migrating rather than overbuilding the existing network. A combination of GPS-based synchronization delivery with network based IEEE 1588 packet-based

methods known as Assisted Partial Timing Support (APTS) nicely combines accuracy of satellite based solutions with the high availability of terrestrial communication networks.

ADVA Optical Networking offers unique synchronization delivery and assurance technology for implementing synchronization distribution in installed networks, making best use of satellite systems as well as network based methods such as

Figure 4: Inter-cell communication in LTE

Control traffi c must be exchanged with stringent delay requirements of less than 1 ms.

Mobile Network Operators prepare their infrastructure for emerging LTE-Advanced.

Edge Router

IP/MPLSCarrier Ethernet

Typical X2 connection creates too much delay

Preferred X2 connection for lower delay

RNC

ServicingGateway

MME

WHITE PAPERFronthaul Networks a Key Enabler for LTE-Advanced

5

IEEE1588 and SyncE. This, however, is not covered in this White Paper, but more detailed information can be found on www.advaoptical.com.

A commercial as well as a highly attractive, technical approach for relaxing the backhaul requirements is based on re-partitioning the Radio Access Network by pooling some functions at a central site and minimizing equipment that needs to be mounted at the antenna site.

Performing interference coordination and spectrum allocation at a central site by a common clock and time unit eliminates the need to accurately distribute synchronization information to each antenna site and relaxes the real-time communication requirements between the controlled sites. Centralized processing also increases effi ciency as overall power consumption

is reduced. Installation and maintenance costs will decrease as a larger share of the equipment is installed in a controlled environment.

Centralized Baseband Processing and Fronthaul Network

A radio base station can be functionally separated into

a Baseband Unit (BBU, sometimes also referred to as Digital Unit DU), which generates and processes a digitized baseband Radio Frequency (RF) signal

a Radio Unit (RU), which creates the analog transmit RF signal from the baseband signal and sources it to the antenna, and respectively digitizes the RF receive signal

With todays Radio Base Stations, both units are integrated into a single network element. Figure 5 shows a scenario with overlapping cells in which the radio inter-cell communication is handled through the X2 interface.

Separating both units creates opportunities for network optimization. Figure 6 shows how the architecture is impacted by introducing a split radio base station. The active radio frequency unit, which is called Remote Radio Head (RRH) is connected to the pooled digital units by means of a CPRI (Common Public Radio Interface) interface. This interface was specifi ed by an industry cooperation with

Figure 5: Radio Base Stations use X2 interface to communicate with each other

Performing interference coordination and spectrum allocation at a central site.

RU

RBS

RU

BBU

RBS

RU

RBS

MBH

X2

S1

BBU

BBU

WHITE PAPERFronthaul Networks a Key Enabler for LTE-Advanced

6

participation from Ericsson AB, Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd, NEC Corporation, Alcatel Lucent and Nokia Siemens Networks GmbH & Co. KG. It transports the digitized radio frequency signal as well as management and control data. The transmission network connecting RRH with BBU is called fronthaul network underling the difference with the backhaul network, which connect the DUs with the edge of the evolved Packet Core (ePC).

Small form factor Remote Radio Heads (RRH) simplify installation and reduce power consumption of active equipment at the antenna site. As the characteristic of the RF signal is generated at the collocated, pooled Baseband Units, a tight coordination of the radio signals is achieved. Besides the cost advantages, the improved interference management translates into

a higher cell utilization as well as improved quality of service.

Optical fronthaul networks form basis for the next step of innovation towards software defi ned radio access networks, which can be upgraded from one radio technology to another simply by management command. As the CPRI interface does not depend on the radio technology, a upgrade from 3G to LTE or LTE-A only increases data rate in the fronthaul transmission network. Bitrate transparent transmission allows a network upgrade without any impact on the transmission network.

Transmission between BBUs and the Remote Radio Heads will in most cases be done with fi ber systems as data rates of several Gbit/s need to be transported and distances of up to 40km need to be bridged with low latency and low jitter in the range of 10ns.

Copper and Microwave transmission systems might be an alternative in certain cases, however, both technologies come with some limitations which make a wider application quite unlikely.

Although the latest microwave transmission systems are capable of transporting data at multiple Gbit/s speed, restrictions on availability of spectrum and distance limitation at high frequencies, e.g., in the E-Band at 60/80 GHz, need to be considered. In addition, cost of scaling capacity is signifi cantly less favorable with microwave transmission, making fi ber-based solutions ideal. Copper is a theoretical option as well, however, it requires highly sophisticated vectoring and

Figure 6: Connecting Remote Radio Heads with a pool of Baseband Units

Small form factor Remote Radio Heads (RRH) simplify installation and reduce power consumption.

Fronthaul Network

Centralized Baseband Processing

3

3

3

BBUBBU

BBU

BBUBBU

BBU

BBUBBU

BBU

BBUBBU

BBU

MBHRRHRRHRRH

RRHRRHRRH

RRHRRHRRH

WHITE PAPERFronthaul Networks a Key Enabler for LTE-Advanced

7

bonding technologies for achieving the required data rates. Distance limitations further reduce the relevance of this technology.

Although CPRI interfaces can be connected by grey interfaces and dedicated fi ber, CWDM/DWDM will improve fi ber utilization. As fewer fi bers are used, cost for fi ber provisioning is lower. Active C/DWDM technology can monitor the transmission network for fast and effi cient fault isolation. Resilient optical

transmission improves availability while optical switching allows to implement 1:N protection of BBUs.

Single Fiber Working (SFW) solutions are an attractive approach for high-capacity transport in fronthaul networks featuring low fi ber handling expenses. In addition, network sharing is supported by WDM technology as traffi c from different wavelengths is securely isolated from each other.

Optical transmission can easily scale to higher bandwidth by increasing the data rate of an optical channel or by adding additional wavelengths. This allows expanding the capacity of a network without signifi cant investment. Low fi ber attenuation allows larger distances which makes it possible to further centralize BBU pools and reduce the number of active sites in a network.

Table 1: Comparing conventional base station with centralized baseband processing

Conventional Radio Base Stations

Centralized Baseband Processing

Spectral Effi ciency Moderate High due to interference coordination

Bandwidth Requirements

Moderate: 0.11 Gbit/s High: 110 Gbit/s

Interconnection Media to Antenna Site

Microwave, fi ber, copper Fiber

Synchronization Stringent phase alignment Centrally at pooling site

Inter-Cell Communication

Critical latency requirements Relaxed requirements due to co-location of BBUs; but stringent latency requirements between BBU and RRH

Installation Cost High Moderate as less equipment at antenna site

CWDM/DWDM will improve fi ber utilization.

WHITE PAPERFronthaul Networks a Key Enabler for LTE-Advanced

8

CPRI Characteristics

The CPRI interface is used to transport a digitized radio baseband signal in 2G/3G and LTE networks as well as with WiMAX. As no compression technology is applied, the line rate per carrier and per antenna becomes quite signifi cant depending on oversampling rate, resolution per sample, number of antennas per sector and sectors per antenna site. The list below shows some confi gurations with respective CPRI line rates:

The CPRI signal is specifi ed with a simple multiplexing structure based on a lowest line rate of 614.4 Mbit/s. Higher capacity signals utilize multiple base streams in parallel. Hence, the CPRI signal allows aggregating of signals. Different mobile radio technologies can be transported in parallel with the same interface. Different topologies as rings, chains or trees are supported with up to 6 consecutive multiplexing stages.

Resilience can be implemented by protection switching of CPRI signals or by using inherent spatial redundancy of multiple antennas (MIMO), see Figure 8 showing two antennas per sector. If one RRH should fail, the sector is still covered, however without featuring MIMO.

Stringent delay and jitter requirements have to be met.

Figure 7: Antenna site featuring three sectors with 2x2 MIMO and centralized Digital Unit

The CPRI signal is specifi ed with a simple multiplexing structure based on a lowest line rate of 614.4 Mbit/s.

Table 2: CPRI line rates

Application Channels Antenna Confi guration CPRI Line Rates

WCDMA 4 x 5 Mbit/s 1 sector, MIMO 2x2 1228.0 Mbit/s

LTE 20 Mbit/s 1 sector, MIMO 2x2 2457.6 Mbit/s

WCDMA LTE

1 x 5 Mbit/s20 Mbit/s

3 sector, MIMO 2x2 9830.4 Mbit/s

Sector 1

Antenna Site

Sector 2Sector 3

RRH

RRH

RRH

Digital Units at Pooling Site/ Macro Base Station Site

BBUBBUBBUBBUBBUBBU

BBUBBU

BBU

BBUBBUBBUBBU

BBUBBU

BBU

BBUBBUBBUBBU

BBUBBU

BBU

BBUBBUBBUBBU

WHITE PAPERFronthaul Networks a Key Enabler for LTE-Advanced

9

Providing Connectivity in Fronthaul Networks

Mobile Operators have various options for connecting cell sites with the central baseband units. They may decide to install fi ber to the cell site, rent dark fi ber, share fi ber and the transmission system with another operator or lease bandwidth from a wholesale bandwidth provider. Any of those models comes with specifi c requirements for the fronthaul transmission network in regard to scalability, operational requirements, resilience and traffi c

segregation.

The following operational models shall be outlined and favorable technical solutions will be discussed:

Self-Provided Fronthaul Network: Mobile Operator owns / leases fi ber and connects pooled BBUs with RRHs through owned fronthaul network

Wholesale CPRI Connectivity Provider offers CPRI connectivity service over own fi ber infrastructure

Fronthaul Network Sharing: Various MNOs share antenna sites and pooling sites. A shared fronthaul network needs to isolate traffi c and provide means to manage performance per connection

The fronthaul capacity demand depends on remote-site parameters such as number of antennas, available spectrum, MIMO confi guration and mix of mobile technologies such as 2G, 3G, 4G and WiFi/WiMAX. Hence, the number of CPRI interfaces as well as the per-interface capacity will vary signifi cantly across a mobile network but also among mobile networks.

Self-Provided Fronthaul Network

A typical fronthaul network scenario is shown in Figure 9. A passive DWDM/CWDM solution connects the centralized pool of baseband units with the antenna sites, providing one CPRI channel per sector. Various topologies such as chains and trees are supported. Rings allow implementing protection schemes either by using spatial redundancy or optical switching. Today, most operators do not

Mobile Operators have various options for connecting cell sites with the central baseband units.

Figure 8: Implementing resilience by utilizing spatial redundancy

Sector 1

Antenna Site

Sector 2Sector 3

RRH

RRH

RRH

WHITE PAPERFronthaul Networks a Key Enabler for LTE-Advanced

10

consider resilience with the transmission network. This might, however, change in the future as operators move towards more centralized architectures increasing the number of centrally located BBU units which aggravates the impact of fi ber breaks.

As this approach is based on colored interfaces plugged into radio equipment, the fronthaul network is managed by the radio access network.

The main advantages of such passive WDM solution are:

cost effectiveness as no transponders are required reducing spares and simplifying installation.

low latency and lowest jitter as no active signal processing negatively impacts transmission performance

low space and no power consumption as the network in essence only consists of passive fi lters.

However, there are several disadvantages to passive WDM systems that have prevented these systems from catching ground in the access domain. Frequently, operational responsibility for transmission networks and radio networks are split in an organization due to very different competence requirements necessary to maintain those technology domains. Hence, operational support tools should be aligned with such organizational separation and demarcation devices should be applied for fast and effi cient fault isolation.

There are two different types of demarcation devices: active solutions, which multiplex operational management data with user traffi c, and passive solutions, which work completely independent from user data. The latter does not compromise the advantages outlined above, as no active component is required at the cell site for fi ber monitoring purposes.

Figure 9: Passive Fronthaul Network

BBUBBU

BBU

BBUBBU

BBU

BBUBBU

BBU

RRH

RRH

RRH

RRH

RRH

RRH

RRH

RRH

RRH

Fronthaul Network

WHITE PAPERFronthaul Networks a Key Enabler for LTE-Advanced

11

With Optojack, ADVA developed a range of optical assurance solutions which allow monitoring performance and integrity of optical connections without interfering with the user traffi c. Access Link Monitoring (ALM) is the latest addition to this solution suite and allows monitoring the integrity of a fi ber connection. As shown with Figure 10, an Access Link Monitoring unit at the baseband unit site is supervising the fi ber connection to the antenna sites and can detect any open connector or fi ber break. Hence, there is a cost effi cient means to support operations and maintenance of the passive fronthaul networks without the need for additional active termination units at each antenna site.

Wholesale Bandwidth Provider

Laying fi ber is quite an expensive effort in metropolitan environments. Thus, certain Mobile Operators are interested in leasing CPRI connectivity from a Wholesale Bandwidth Provider. Those providers might be incumbents or competitive operators but could also be regional corporations such as

utilities or property owners sharing one characteristic: they own fi ber and can provide connectivity among cell sites and pooling sites in an urban/metropolitan environment.

As the number of sites can be quite signifi cant, automated means for provisioning but also assuring service quality are essential. A favorable implementation of a fronthaul solution operated by a Wholesale Bandwidth Provider is shown in Figure 11.

The Mobile Operator hands off grey CPRI signals while the Wholesale Bandwidth Provider translates these into distinct wavelengths. The transponders can align with different CPRI bitrates and tunability allows changing connectivity in a hard-wired optical multiplexing scheme. Service quality is assessed at each demarcation point for service assurance but also for troubleshooting purposes. As environmentally hardened equipment is applied at the antenna site and size restrictions apply, fronthaul transmission solutions are designed for this specifi c application.

Figure 10: Passive Fronthaul Network Solution Featuring Optical Monitoring

Laying fi ber is quite an expensive effort in metropolitan environments.

BBUBBU

BBU

BBUBBU

BBU

BBUBBU

BBU

RRH

RRH

RRH

RRH

RRH

RRH

RRH

RRH

RRH

Fronthaul Network

Access Link Monitor

WHITE PAPERFronthaul Networks a Key Enabler for LTE-Advanced

12

While this solution provides sophisticated means for monitoring the performance for each channel independently, it adds cost for additional transponders. This might be justifi ed as the improved service quality generates higher revenue. In cost sensitive environments the passive Access Link Monitoring outlined above might be an interesting alternative.

Fronthaul Network Sharing

By sharing the same feeder fi ber, a common fronthaul network can be used by different operators running own radio equipment at the cell sites. The main difference to the above discussed scenarios relates to the number of channels required to connect each site. Higher channel count systems are more favorable for those applications and DWDM technology is the solution of choice as it provides more wavelength than CWDM systems. The connectivity network might be operated by either one of the Mobile Network Operators or might be provided by a Wholesale Bandwidth Provider. In any of those cases, there is a need for clear service demarcation, which favors a transponder-based backhaul solution as outlined in the above paragraph.

Figure 11: Active Fronthaul Network

BBUBBU

BBU

BBUBBU

BBU

BBUBBU

BBU

RRH

RRH

RRH

RRH

RRH

RRH

RRH

RRH

RRH

TRPTRPTRPTRPTRPTRPTRPTRPTRP

SFPSFPSFPSFPSFPSFPSFPSFPSFPSFPSFPSFPSFPSFPSFPSFPSFPSFPSFPSFPSFP

SFP

SFP

SFP TRP

SFP

SFP

SFP

TRP

TRP

TRP

SFP

SFP

SFP

Fronthaul Network

TRP - Transponder

TRP

TRP

TRP

TRP

TRP

WHITE PAPERFronthaul Networks a Key Enabler for LTE-Advanced

13

Emerging Technologies

Initially, fronthaul systems are applied for connecting a relatively low number of antenna sites. This allows applying commercially available passive C/DWDM system. The monitoring defi ciency of this approach can be solved with ADVA Optojack ALM technology. This approach benefi ts from cost advantages of passive network architecture without compromising maintenance requirements.

As fronthaul networks gain momentum, operators will push baseband unit pools deeper into the network, extending the number of remote antenna sites connected to the central BBU pool. In parallel to this centralization, more complex MIMO schemes will be applied for making better use of the scarce radio spectrum. Those two trends will increase the number of CPRI interfaces per fronthaul network as well as the bandwidth per interface.

Presently available DWDM systems provide the required capacity but often suffer from high cost. Hence, innovative approaches for cost-optimized DWDM systems are investigated:

Seeding technologies provide a wavelength source for upstream transmission and avoid the need for colored wavelength transmitters at the cell site. Those technologies are tested in fi eld trials today, but suffer from fi ber-plant refl ections and consequently bandwidth and distance limitations.

Wavelength-tunable, low-cost lasers, together with suitable control concepts, are a promising approach for DWDM front- and backhaul which meets both, commercial as well as operational requirements.

CPRI compression can reduce bandwidth requirements and allow growing end-user bandwidth up to a factor of 3:1 without the need for adding capacity in the fronthaul network. There is however a certain performance degradation of the RF signals which needs to be considered when analyzing the overall benefi t.

ADVA is actively investigating all technologies outlined above. The resulting innovations will make optimized fronthaul solutions available which meet the future demand for higher channel count and capacity. A specifi c focus is put on operational simplicity as centralized BBU pools will need to serve a higher number of antenna sites.

WHITE PAPERFronthaul Networks a Key Enabler for LTE-Advanced

14

Summary

Advanced mobile technologies put new challenging requirements on traditional mobile backhaul architectures. The introduction of a fronthaul network provides various advantages as it relaxes backhaul delay and jitter requirements and improves re-use and utilization of the scarce radio spectrum.

Line rates of digitized RF baseband signals make optical transmission systems the preferred solution in fronthaul networks. C/DWDM technology improves fi ber utilization and minimizes fi ber handling cost. Passive C/DWDM transmission systems in combination with advanced monitoring solutions such as Optojack Access Link Monitoring combine the advantage of minimized power consumption at the antenna site with the ability to independently monitor the transmission network from the radio system. Alternatively, active, transponder-based systems provide a clear demarcation which is favorably applied with Wholesale Bandwidth scenarios.

Different transmission network architectures align with operational models such as wholesale, self-provided networks or network sharing. Various innovative photonic technologies can be applied to optimizing applications with stars, rings and chains and support more centralized baseband processing architectures. This simplifi es the radio access transport network and reduces the number of active sites.

ADVA Optical Networking specializes in transmission network solutions for operators, enterprises and the public sector. Based on the competence of well recognized experts in photonic transmission and the widely applied FSP 3000 DWDM/CWDM portfolio, ADVA Optical Networking has developed fronthaul transmission solutions which allow operators and wholesale bandwidth providers to capitalize on the signifi cant benefi t of central baseband processing with BBU pooling. Optojack a unique technology for non-

intrusive monitoring of fi ber infrastructures meets operational requirements in a most favorable way. Independent from topology, line rate and channel count, an optimized solution is provided.

ADVA Optical Networking specializes in transmission network solutions for operators, enterprises and the public sector.

WHITE PAPERFronthaul Networks a Key Enabler for LTE-Advanced

For more information visit us at www.advaoptical.com

ADVA Optical Networking North America, Inc.5755 Peachtree Industrial Blvd.Norcross, Georgia 30092USA

ADVA Optical Networking SECampus Martinsried Fraunhoferstrasse 9 a 82152 Martinsried / Munich Germany

ADVA Optical Networking Singapore Pte. Ltd. 25 International Business Park#05-106 German CentreSingapore 609916

15

Vers

ion

02 / 20

14

About ADVA Optical Networking

At ADVA Optical Networking were creating new opportunities for tomorrows networks, a new vision for a connected world. Our intelligent telecommunications hardware, software and services have been deployed by several hundred service providers and thousands of enterprises. Over the past twenty years, our innovative connectivity solutions have helped to drive our customers networks forward, helped to drive their businesses to new levels of success. We forge close working relationships with all our customers. As your trusted partner we ensure that were always ready to exceed your networking expectations.

The ADVA FSP 3000

ADVA Optical Networkings scalable optical transport solution is a modular WDM system specifi cally designed to maximize the bandwidth and service fl exibility of access, metro and core networks. The unique optical layer design supports WDM-PON, CWDM and DWDM technology, including 100Gbit/s line speeds with colorless, directionless and contentionless ROADMs. RAYcontrol, our integrated, industry-leading multi-layer GMPLS control plane, guarantees operational simplicity, even in complex meshed-network topologies. Thanks to OTN, Ethernet and low-latency aggregation, the FSP 3000 represents a highly versatile and cost-effective solution for packet optical transport.