© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Wound Care and Bloodborne Pathogens Amber Giacomazzi, MS, ATC
Feb 08, 2016
© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
Wound Care and
Bloodborne Pathogens
Amber Giacomazzi, MS, ATC
© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
• Healthcare facility must be maintained as clean and sterile to prevent spread of disease and infection
• Must take precautions to minimize risk
• Must take whatever measures to prevent contamination
© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
Bloodborne Pathogens
• __________________, present in _________ ______ and other fluids (____________, _______, __________ and _________) that can potentially cause disease
• Most significant pathogens are Hepatitis B, C and HIV
• Others that exist are Hepatitis _______ and _________
© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
Hepatitis B• Major cause of viral infection, resulting in
________, ________, _____________ ________
• Signs and symptoms– ____________________________________
____________________________________ __________________
– Possible that individual will not exhibit signs and symptoms • ___________________________
© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
– May test positive w/in ________ of symptom development
– 85% recover within ___________• Prevention
– _____________________________________ ________________
– HBV can survive in blood and fluids, in dried blood and on contaminated surfaces for at least ____________
– Vaccination against HBV
Hepatitis B
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Hepatitis C• Both an acute and chronic form of liver
disease caused by hepatitis C virus (HCV)• Most common __________________ in
United States• Leading indication for ______________• Signs & Symptoms
– 80% of those infected have no _____– May be _______, have mild abdominal pain,
__________, nausea, ______, muscle/joint pain, and/or dark urine
© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus
• Virus that has potential to _____________ ____________
• According to World Health Organization 42 million people were living with HIV/AIDS in 2002
© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
• Symptoms and Signs– Transmitted by __________________________– Fatigue, weight loss, muscle or joint pain, painful
or swollen glands, night sweats and fever– Antibodies can be detected in blood tests within
__________ of exposure– May go for __________ before signs and
symptoms develop– Most that acquire HIV will develop acquired
immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
Human Immunodeficiency Virus
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Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
• Collection of signs and symptoms that are recognized as the effects of an infection
• _________________________________• Positive test for HIV cannot ___________
__________________________________• After contracting AIDS, people generally
die w/in 2 years of symptoms developing
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• Management– No vaccine for HIV, ________ even though
drug therapy is available– Research looking for preventive vaccine and
effective treatment– Most effective drug combination
• __________________• _______________________________________
__________________
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
HIV and Athletic Participation
• No definitive answer as to whether asymptomatic HIV carriers should participate in sport
• _______________________ says athletes infected ___________________ and may only be excluded with __________________
© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
– Disinfectant• Contaminated surfaces should be clean immediately
with solution of _______ approved disinfectant to water• Should ____________• Contaminated towels should be ______, ______, and
_________ from other soiled laundry, then transported in _____________________
– Wash in hot water (____________________)– Laundry done outside institution should be _______________
– Sharps• Needles, razorblades, and scalpels• Use extreme care in handling and disposing all sharps
Universal Precautions
© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
Caring for Skin Wounds
• Skin wounds are extremely common in sports
• __________________ makes it susceptible to injury
• Numerous mechanical forces can result in trauma– ____________________________________
______________________________
© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
• Types of wounds– __________
• Skin scraped against rough surface• _____________________________________________• Often involves exposure to dirt and foreign materials = __________
__________________– _______________
• Sharp or pointed object tears tissues – results in wound with ______ ___________
• May also result in _______________– ____________
• Wounds with _______________
Caring for Skin Wounds
© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
– __________________• Can easily occur during activity and can be ______• _______________________________________
_________________________• All severe lacerations and puncture wounds should
be referred to a physician– ___________________
• Skin is torn from body = _______________• ________________________________________
_________________________• Take to hospital for reattachment
Caring for Skin Wounds
© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
Immediate Care
• Should be cared for immediately• All wounds should be treated as though
they have been _________________________ ________________
• To minimize infection clean wound with copious amounts of _____, _____ and ________________
© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
• Dressing– Sterile dressing should be applied to keep
wound clean– ______________ are extremely effective in
minimizing scarring– Antibacterial ointments are effective in limiting
_______________ and _______________ __________________
– Utilization of hydrogen peroxide can occur several times daily before reapplication of ointment
Caring for Skin Wounds
© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
• Are sutures necessary?– Decision should be made by a ___________– Sutures should be used within ___________– Physician may decide wound does not require
sutures and utilize steri-strips or butterfly bandages
Caring for Skin Wounds
© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
• Signs of Wound Infection – Same as those for inflammation
• _______• _______• _______• __________• _________________
– Pus may form due to accumulation of _______– ________________ as immune system fights
bacterial infection
Caring for Skin Wounds
© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
• Most wound infections can be treated with antibiotics
• _________________ has become resistant to some antibiotics– Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (_____) is
more difficult to treat and infection is extremely difficult to treat
– If cause of infection is not discovered early and ________________ are used initial infection that starts in skin could ______________________________
Caring for Skin Wounds
© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
• ______________– Bacterial infection that may cause _____ and
__________ and possibly _______________ _____ for non-immunized athletes
– Tetanus bacillus enters wound as _____ and acts on _____________________
– Following childhood vaccination, boosters should be supplied once _____________
Caring for Skin Wounds