WorldHist- Industrial revolution (Ch.18)

Industrial Revolution

Historical Significance of the Industrial Revolution

• An ancient Greek or Roman & Europe in 1700 = basically the same life as pre-Industrialization• agriculture and technology were not much changed in

2000+ years

• The Industrial Revolution changed human life drastically

•More was created in the last 250+ years of history than in the previous 2500+ years

What was the Industrial Revolution?

• fundamental change •way goods were produced • human labor machines

•The more efficient means of production and subsequent higher levels of production triggered far-reaching changes to industrialized societies

The Factory System

The Factory System

×Rigid schedule.

×12-14 hour day.

×Dangerous conditions.

×Mind-numbing monotony.

Textile FactoryWorkers in England

Textile FactoryWorkers in England

Young “Bobbin-Doffers”

Young “Bobbin-Doffers”

John Kay’s “Flying Shuttle”

John Kay’s “Flying Shuttle”

The Power LoomThe Power Loom

James Watt’s Steam Engine

James Watt’s Steam Engine

Steam TractorSteam Tractor

Steam ShipSteam Ship

An Early Steam Locomotive

An Early Steam Locomotive

Later LocomotivesLater Locomotives

The Impact of the Railroad

The Impact of the Railroad

Crystal Palace Exhibition: 1851

Crystal Palace Exhibition: 1851

Exhibitions of the new industrial utopia.

Crystal Palace:British Ingenuity on

Display

Crystal Palace:British Ingenuity on

Display

19c Bourgeoisie: The Industrial Nouveau Riche

19c Bourgeoisie: The Industrial Nouveau Riche

Criticism of the New Bourgeoisie

Criticism of the New Bourgeoisie

Stereotype of the Factory Owner

Stereotype of the Factory Owner

“Upstairs”/“Downstairs” Life

“Upstairs”/“Downstairs” Life

This is one of the things we love about Downton

Abbey. It shows the life above stairs

and below stairs.

Factory Wages in Lancashire, 1830

Factory Wages in Lancashire, 1830Age of Worker Male Wages Female Wages

under 11 2s 3d. 2s. 4d.

11 - 16 4s. 1d. 4s. 3d.

17 - 21 10s. 2d. 7s. 3d.

22 - 26 17s. 2d. 8s. 5d.

27 - 31 20s. 4d. 8s. 7d.

32 - 36 22s. 8d. 8s. 9d.

37 - 41 21s. 7d. 9s. 8d.

42 - 46 20s. 3d. 9s. 3d.

47 - 51 16s. 7d. 8s. 10d.

52 - 56 16s. 4d. 8s. 4d.

57 - 61 13s. 6d. 6s. 4d.

What do you notice?

Industrial Staffordshire

Industrial Staffordshire

Problems of Pollution

Problems of Pollution

The Silent Highwayman - 1858

The New Industrial City

The New Industrial City

Early-19c Londonby Gustave Dore

Early-19c Londonby Gustave Dore

Worker Housing in Manchester

Worker Housing in Manchester

Factory Workers at Home

Factory Workers at Home

This picture tells us many things about the “have

nots” in the Industrial Age1. How many people are in

this room?

2. What are they doing?

3. Is this what people usually do at home?

4. Why would they be doing this at home,

after hours?

Workers Housing in Newcastle TodayWorkers Housing in Newcastle Today

Have conditions changed much for the working class today?

The Socialists: Utopians & Marxists The Socialists: Utopians & Marxists

× People as a society should operate and own the means of production, not individuals.

× Their goal was a society that benefited everyone, not just a rich, well-connected few.

× Tried to build perfect communities [utopias].

Industrialization By 1850

Industrialization By 1850

Railroads on the Continent

Railroads on the Continent

Art of the Industrial Revolution Era

Cultural Impact: Romanticism

The Romantics glorified the divine power of nature as a

reaction to the Industrial

Revolution’s achievement of

controlling nature through technology.

Cultural Impact: The Visual Arts

French artist Honore Daumier painted the

poor and working classes. In Third-Class Carriage (shown here), he illustrates with great compassion a group of

people on a train journey.

Romanticism• Reaction to the Enlightenment

• Writers = combined history, legend, folklore

• Music & art – emphasized feelings

Realism• Represent the world as it

was, not idealistic

• Often portrayed the poor and their struggles

Impressionism• The first “impression” of a scene from the

viewer’s perspective

J.M.W. Turner

The Fighting “Temeraire”

Cultural Impact: The Visual Arts