Dec 19, 2015
World-Wide Depression and the Rise of Militarism
Key Terms
Totalitarianism:A form of government that controls every
aspect of its citizens’ lives. Citizens have no rights. No opposition.
FascismPolitical philosophy that places the
importance of the nation over the individual. Nationalism! Dictator!
Nationalism – an extreme form of patriotism. Glorifying and increasing the influence of one’s own country (often at the expense of others)
Militarism - Glorifying and building up your military. Using military force to promote your countries goals.
Communist Soviet Union – Joseph Stalin
Create a sound communist state and wait for world revolution
Revolution by workers State ownership of
property
Stalin’s Plan 2 Main goals:
Raise agriculture productionModernize industry
Five-Year Plan:Take private lands from farmers -
collectivizationThose who refuse forced into hard labor
in concentration campsExport food for profit = famine
The Great Purge:
Secret policeUse of force against all other political parties and those who stood against him.
Difficulties in Germany
High debts from WWIHigh unemploymentMassive inflation in the 1920s
The Weimar Republic:The Weimar Republic: discredited in the eyes of the world discredited in the eyes of the world
AND GermanyAND Germany Blame of communists, Jews and Blame of communists, Jews and
liberals for the problems of the liberals for the problems of the Weimar Republic.Weimar Republic.
Treaty of VersaillesTreaty of Versailles
Political Extremism—Communist Political Extremism—Communist and fascist and extreme and fascist and extreme nationalistnationalist
Economic disaster!Economic disaster!
The people are looking for SALVATION
Germany--Weimar Republic-1920’s
What is going on in this picture?
Hitler & GermanyPromised the people work and
a stable governmentIncreased his power through
forceArrested enemies and opponents
Built up the armed forces
Nazi Germany – Adolf Hitler Extreme
nationalism and racism
Militaristic expansionism
Private property with strong government controls
Anticommunist
January 1933: Hitler becomes Chancellor of Germany
The Nazi State 1933-1945
Total State control Total State control techniquestechniques propaganda propaganda
mastersmasters mass mass
demonstrationdemonstrationss
rearmament of rearmament of the military – the military – put everyone put everyone to work!to work!
Retake landRetake land
SS control of SS control of police using police using terror based terror based on Nazi on Nazi ideology ideology (secret (secret police,camps police,camps execution and execution and extermination)extermination)
Nazi Propaganda—Hitler Youth
Hitler visits a factory and is enthusiastically greeted. Many Germans were grateful for jobs after the misery of he depression years.
1935-1936 Germany remilitarizes
1935-1936 Germany remilitarizes
Hitler announces new Air Force
Compulsory Military Service Troops enter the
Rhineland
League of Nations lodges a formal protest.
1938 German Anschluss with Austria
Hitler pressures the Austrian Government to join with Germany.
March – troops cross border without opposition
League of Nations lodges a formal protest.
‘38
1939 Germany invades Czechoslovakia
Hitler claims that Germans need “Lebensraum” – Living Space
Wants to join the “Sudetenland” of Southern Czechoslovakia with Germany – threatens to invade
British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain signs the Munich Pact September, 1938
Troops enter the Sudetenland…
I Bring You Peace
In Our Time!
On March 15, 1939…Hitler invades the rest of
Czechoslovakia…
Britain and France warn them not to invade anyone else…
Mussolini “Il Duce” & Italy
In 1919 Mussolini forms the Fascist party
Appointed prime minister in 1922
Italy was plagued with PovertyUnemploymentsocial unrest
Fascist Italy – Benito Mussolini
Extreme nationalism Militaristic
expansionism Charismatic leader Private property with
strong government controls
Anticommunist
What did he do once in power?
Suspended electionsBanned labor unionsOutlawed opposing political
partiesCensored the pressEmployed spies and secret
police
1935 Italy Invades Ethiopia Ethiopian Forces cannot stop the invasion Ethiopia Annexed Rome-Berlin Axis formed
League of Nations imposes trade sanctions on Italy. U.S. refuses to
do so…
1936-1939 Spanish Civil War
Francisco Franco leads a military rebellion in Spain
Italy and Germany send supplies, weapons and troops
Franco wins and sets up a totalitarian dictatorship
Some U.S. volunteers fight but congress passes Neutrality Acts keeping the U.S. from
getting involved…
Other faces
Hideki Tojo – Japan Imperialist Military Regime
Francisco Franco – Spain Fascist Dictatorship
1937 Japanese troops massacre civilians in Nanjing Japanese army invades
Nanjing 300,000 dead 20,000 women raped “Rape of Nanjing”
Roosevelt calls for “quarantine” against
aggressive nations like Japan
Japan invades Vietnam, Formosa, Korea, much of China and several Pacific
Islands…