World War Two. 7 Future American Presidents Views of the World Were Formed by Their Service in World War II.

World War Two

7 Future American Presidents 7 Future American Presidents Views of the World Were Views of the World Were

Formed by Their Service in Formed by Their Service in World War IIWorld War II

7 Future American Presidents 7 Future American Presidents Views of the World Were Views of the World Were

Formed by Their Service in Formed by Their Service in World War IIWorld War II

What was the purpose of the Second Front?

What effect did these events have

on the origins of the Cold War?

- Stalingrad ’42*- North Africa ’42- Italy Campaign ‘43

- Normandy 6/44

D-Day

"As our boat touched sand and the ramp went down I became a

visitor to hell."

Pvt. Charles Neighbor, 29th Division, Omaha Beach (D-Day, 6 June 1944)

"Soldiers, sailors and airmen of the allied expeditionary force: You

are about to embark upon the great crusade, toward which we

have striven these many months. The eyes of the world are upon you. The hope and prayers of

liberty-loving people everywhere are with you …"

General Dwight D. Eisenhower (D-Day, 6 June 1944)

"Two kinds of people are staying on this beach, the dead and those who are going to die. Now let's get

the hell out of here."

Colonel George Taylor, 16th Regimental Commander on Omaha Beach (D-Day, 6 June 1944)

June 1944

101st Airborne

Band of Brothers

“Wild Bill” Guarnere

“Wild Bill”

Liberation of Paris

Battle of the Bulge

“Nuts!”• General Anthony Clement "Nuts" McAuliffe (July 2, 1898 – August 11,

1975) was the United States Army general who was the acting division commander of the 101st Airborne Division troops defending Bastogne, Belgium during World War II’s Battle of the Bulge. He is famous for his single-word reply of "Nuts!" in response to a German surrender ultimatum

Victory in Europe

War in Pacific

Pacific Campaign What was the game plan?

Alternate Options?

What effect did the Pacific Campaign have on the US?

How did the Chinese view the plan?

Significance of

-Guam and Mariana Islands

-Iwo Jima and Okinawa Islands

• Blue is Allied Advance

Pacific Campaign

Pearl Harbor- Dec. 7, 1941

Japan Takes Islands: Macarthur (4/42) “I shall Return”

Battle of the Coral Sea- May, 1942(1st All carrier/ aircraft battle)

Midway- June, 1942 (Turning Point of the Pacific)

Island Hopping 8/43-11/44

Nimitz victories- Marshall, Wake- 1944

Philippines (Leyte Gulf) retaken 1944-45

Iwo Jima 3/45 and Okinawa 6/45

Invasion of Japan/ Unconditional Surrender/“Secret Weapon”- destruction

Hiroshima 8/6/1945

- Nagasaki 8/9/1945

WWII Assessment

• What if Japan had not bombed Pearl Harbor?

• Who was the more fearsome or difficult Allied opponent – Germany or Japan?

• Should the US of pursued Japan or Germany first? Explain.

• If you were in the war, where would you rather have been?

Why were the Allies so much more successful than the Axis Powers?

• Home front Production

• Collaboration

• Technological Advancement (Atomic Bomb)

What was the

significance of each?

Atlantic Charter

Casablanca

Big Three Conferences

Tehran

Yalta

Potsdam

April 12, 1945

• Death of FDR• The first lady greeted Vice President Harry

Truman, who had not yet been told the news. A calm and quiet Eleanor said, "Harry, the president is dead." He asked if there was anything he could do for her, to which she replied, "Is there anything we can do for you? For you are the one in trouble now."

A-Bomb

- Manhattan Project

- Hiroshima 8/6/1945

- Nagasaki 8/9/1945

Manhattan Project

• The special target committee for the MANHATTAN project The special target committee for the MANHATTAN project started meeting in April 1945started meeting in April 1945– They selected the cities that they would be targeting, They selected the cities that they would be targeting,

including Hiroshima. including Hiroshima. • The two primary leaders of the Manhattan Project were The two primary leaders of the Manhattan Project were

General Leslie Groves and physicist J. Robert Oppenheimer General Leslie Groves and physicist J. Robert Oppenheimer • Other scientists involved included: Enrico Fermi, Albert Other scientists involved included: Enrico Fermi, Albert

Einstein, and Neils Bohr.Einstein, and Neils Bohr.• The construction site was in Los Alamos, New Mexico. The construction site was in Los Alamos, New Mexico. • The Manhattan Project employed over 120,000 Americans.The Manhattan Project employed over 120,000 Americans. But the people were not told exactly what they were doing so But the people were not told exactly what they were doing so they could not ruin the project.they could not ruin the project.

J. Robert Oppenheimer

“We knew the world would not be the same. A few people laughed, a few people cried. Most people were silent. I remembered the line from the Hindu scripture, the Bhagavad Gita; Vishnu is trying to persuade the Prince that he should do his duty and, to impress him, takes on his multi-armed form and says, 'Now I am become Death, the destroyer of worlds.' I suppose we all thought that, one way or another”

August 1945

The foreground shows the ruins of the Hiroshima Gas Company Building (800 feet from the hypocenter). In the center are the ruins of the Honkawa Elementary School. Source: United States Army - Returned Materials. www.atomicarchive.com/ Photos/Images/Hiroshima.jpg

Public Opinion

• In a 1945 In a 1945 FortuneFortune magazine article, only 5% of the magazine article, only 5% of the people polled said that the United States should not people polled said that the United States should not have dropped the bomb.have dropped the bomb.

• 54% approved of the bomb.54% approved of the bomb.• 23% wanted the United States to drop more 23% wanted the United States to drop more

bombs on Japan before their surrender. bombs on Japan before their surrender.

• A specter is haunting this country--the specter of nuclear energy.  As a scientist who worked on the atomic bomb, I am appalled that the public is so apathetic and so uninformed about the dangerous social consequences of our development.  There is no secret of the atomic bomb.  In my opinion, in two to five years other countries can also manufacture bombs, and bombs tens, hundreds, or even thousands of times more effective than those which produced such devastation at Hiroshima and Nagasaki.  This country with its concentrated industrial centers is entirely vulnerable to such weapons; nor can we count on, or even expect, effective counter-measures.  Unless strong action is taken within the near future toward a positive control, this country will be drawn into an armament race which will inevitably end in catastrophe for all participants. . . . It is the responsibility of the press to stimulate public discussion on this vital matter and to educate the people as rapidly as possible.  Where security permits, my colleagues are eager to help with scientific information.  It was our hope in developing the bomb that it would be a great force for world cooperation and peace.

•        -Robert R. Wilson, Los Alamos, New Mexico

VJ Day

Effects of WWII• US

Emerges as World Power

• End of US Isolation

• Beginning of Cold War

• UN created

“Iron Curtain” – Winston Churchill

• From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic, an Iron Curtain has descended across the continent. Behind that line lie all the capitals of the ancient states of Central and Eastern Europe. Warsaw, Berlin, Prague, Vienna, Budapest, Belgrade, Bucharest and Sofia, all these famous cities and the populations around them lie in what I must call the Soviet sphere.”

Nuremberg Trials

Creation of United Nations