WORLD WAR LOOMS Chapter 16
Dec 26, 2015
Conflicts Arising
After WWI didn’t bring prosperity Brought economic depression and struggle
Rise of powerful dictators driven by nationalism Nationalism- loyalty to ones own country
above all else
After WWI
The Weimar Republic was upset Democratic government set up in Germany
Soviets were mad about splitting up parts of Russia
Treaty of Versailles
Treaty of Versailles
It created nine new nations Shifted boundaries of other nations Five areas came from the Ottoman Empire Germany could not have a army Germany had to return the region of
Alsace-Lorraine Germany also had to pay reparations Germany also had to admit responsibility
to starting WWI
Treaty of Versailles
It didn’t secure a “just and secure peace”
It cases anger and resentment Germany :
Wasn’t fair for being blamed for starting the war
No security in stripping them of their overseas colonies
Stripping them of their overseas colonies and bordered territories
Joseph Stalin “Man of Steel”
1924 took control of the country after Lenin died
He focused on creating a model communist state
Main goals were agricultural and industrial growth
Wanted to move from a rural nation to great industrial power
Stalin and the Soviet Union
Came up with the “5 years plan” this was to move to industrialization
1937 Became the second largest industrial power
1939 he established a totalitarian government There are no rights, and the government
suppresses all opposition
Benito Mussolini in Italy
Establishing a totalitarian regime 1921 created the fascist party
Stressed nationalism and placed the interest of the state above those of the individual
To strengthen the nation, power must rest with a single strong leader Small group of devoted members
Will call himself Il Duce Spread fascism to all aspects of life
Italy
1922- Mussolini marched to Rome with supporters Black shirts
Will then become head of the government
Adolf Hitler
After WWI he was drifting from job to job A soldier
1919 he joined a group National Socialist German Workers Party
Nazi Powerful speaker Wrote a book Mein Kampf
Basic beliefs of Nazism
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Hitler and Germany
He wanted to unite all German speaking people
He wanted to enforce racial purification Master race An inferior race
Third element Germans economy during the 1920’s 1933 Hitler appointed Chancellor
Chancellor
Prime Minister He dismantled the Weimar Republic
Democratic government Replaced it with the Third German Empire
Japan
League of Nations 1931- Japan militarist seize control of
Manchuria Surprise attack Chinese province Japan no longer in the League of Nations
1933- Hitler pulled Germany out of the League of Nations
1935- Hitler starts to build up Germany’s military
1936- Sent troops into the Rhineland
Francisco Franco
Led the group of officers that rebelled against the Spanish Republic
Western Democracies remained natural Hitler and Mussolini backed Franco
Formed a close relationship between the Germans and Italians Signed an alliance known as Rome-Berlin axis
1936 Europe is ruled by a totalitarian government
United States
Most Americans did not want to get involved
1928- U.S signed the Kellogg-Briand Pact Was an effort to prevent another World War
Isolationism Good Neighbor Policy
Roosevelt
1934- He pushed for the Reciprocal Trade Agreement Act This would lower trade barriers by giving
the President the power to make trade agreements with other nations and was aimed at reducing tariffs by 50%
Neutrality Acts
Passed in 1935 Passed in an effort to stay out of war First two acts
Outlawed arms sells or loans to nations at war
Third acts Passed in response to the fighting in Spain
Hard for Roosevelt to stay out of the war
Austria and Czechoslovakia
Austria: Hitler’s first target Was created after WWI in the Paris Peace
Conference 1938 Hitler marches into Austria unopposed
Day later Hitler declared unification was complete
Czechoslovakia Next target More living space and natural resources France and Britain had promised to protect
them Munich agreement
Gave the land over the Germany Winston Churchill did not agree
Appeasement Giving up principles to pacify an aggressor
1939 Hitler gained control of Czechoslovakia
Next target was Poland 1939 started his same routine By attacking Poland would bring in the
Soviet Union, Britain and France into the war Fighting war on two fronts
Non-aggression Pact Secret Pact Soviet Union
Blitzkrieg
Lightning war Took advantage of military technology Faster tanks Powerful aircrafts
1939 German air force roared over Poland
Tanks were going across the country Two days later France and Great Britain
declared war on Germany
Phony War
Britain and France sat on the French boarder staring into Nazis on the German boarder
Once Poland was occupied Hitler started to focus on the Baltic States
Hitler invades Finland Denmark Norway
France Falls
Hitler goes through Ardienns As Hitler marches toward Paris he
trapped the British and French soldiers in Dunkik
Italy will now enter the war German Side Will invade France from the South
June of 1940 Hitler hands French officers his terms of surrender
Germans: Northern France Nazi puppet government: Southern
France Vichy
Battle of Britain
Summer of 1940 Germany started to assemble their troops on the coast of France
Hitler’s main goal was to control the skies RAF- Royal Air Force For 2 months straight German plans
bombed London RAF fought back through radar
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Persecution
1933- Ordered that “non-Aryans” be removed from government jobs
Jews were the main group that was targeted Anti-Semitism
Hatred of the Jews Scapegoat
Looking for someone to blame their failures on
1935- Nuremberg laws Stripped Jews of German citizenship, jobs
and property To identify the Jews better they were
required to wear a bright yellow star of David on their clothes
Kristallhacht
November 9-10, 1938 Night of Broken Glass
Troopers attacked Jewish homes, business, and synagogues
The Nazis blamed the Jews of the destruction
The Nazis tried to speed up the emigration. They found great difficulty
France- 40,000 British- 80,000 Palestine- 30,000 United States- 100,000
Albert Einstein Thomas Mann Walter Gropius Paul Tillion
Final Solution
1939- there was about a quarter of a million Jews still in Germany
Wanting to get rid of all the Jews proposed this final solution A policy of genocide
The deliberate and systematic killing of an entire population
Wanted to preserve the master race
They did not solely after the Jews they also went after Gypsies- viewed as an inferior race Freemasons- viewed as supporters of the
Jewish conspiracy to rule the world Jehovah Witnesses- refused to join the armies
and to solute Hitler Political opponents Homosexuals, mentally ill, mentally deficient,
physically disabled, and incurably ill
There were a few things that the Nazis would do. They would They would be killed by security squadrons Sent to ghettos Sent to concentration camps
Ghettos
Forced in to these dismal and over crowded towns
There was segregated areas in Polish cities just for the Jews
Sealed off with barbed wire and stone walls
Concentration Camps
They were labor camps Families would often be separated Originally set up to imprison political
opponents and protesters They would live in wooden barracks with
about a 1,000 people in them
Final Stage
1942- the final solution would reach the final stage
This would be a new way to mass murder the Jews and undesirables Poison gas The overwork, starvation, beating, and
bullets were not killing the Jews fast enough Could kill 12,000 a day
Auschwitz
Largest death camp When arriving at the camps the Jews would
Walk past the S.S doctors would separate them. They would either Go to work Go to die
They were told that they were going to shower, and were told to undress and were given a bar of soap
Then they went into the chambers and gas would fill the room
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1935- Germany was moving across Poland and Roosevelt decided to revise the neutrality acts
1939- “Cash- and- Carry” were passed This allowed warring nations to buy U.S
arms as long as they paid cash and transported them in their own ships
Axis Powers
1940 Germany, Italy, and Japan signed the
Tripartite Pact These countries became known as the Axis
Powers The pact aimed at keeping the U.S out of the
war The pact said that one of the countries were to
become under attack that the other nations would come to their aid
U.S and Roosevelt
Congress passes the first peacetime military draft Selective Training and Service act
Men between the ages of 21 and 35 were to registrar for the draft
If they were selected by the draft lottery they were required to give their services for one year
Once war started their services were extended for the duration of the war
Roosevelt
He ran for a third term Ran against Thomas Dewey
He felt that it was his duty to stay and continue serving while there was a mounting crisis in Europe
His promise was to keep the U.S out of war
Lend Lease Plan
Roosevelt told the people that it was going to be impossible to negotiate peace with Hitler
Said that if Great Britain was to fall then the U.S would be living at a point of a gun
This plan would lend arms and other supplies to any countries whose defense was vital to the United States
Supplies
In 1941 Hitler invade the Soviet Union and the United states started to lend to them as well
Getting the supplies to Britain and the Soviet Union was hard They were being delivered across the
Atlantic Ocean
Wolf Pack Attack
Hitler wanted to prevent delivery he sent U-boats to attack the supply ships Submarines
1941 individual surface attacks by the U-boats happened Wolf Pack Attack September Navy got permission to attack
the German U-boats in self defense
Atlantic Charter
Roosevelt and Churchill met secretly They agreed on:
A joint declaration of war aims Pledge:
Collective Security Self determination Disarmament Economic cooperation Freedom of the seas
“United Nations”
The charter gave way to the Declaration of the United Nations An expression of common purpose Allies
Those countries that fought against the Axis Powers
26 nations signed
German submarines were firing on American Merchant ships
Senate would repeal the ban against arming merchant ships
This is an undeclared Naval war with Hitler
Japan
With Germany’s victories this gave Japan the opportunity to expand
They wanted to take the colonial islands July 1941 Japan took the French military
bases in Indochina Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos
U.S saw this and cut off all trade with Japan Oil embargo
Peace Talks
With the oil embargo, this hurt Japan They were having to ration
The Prime minister said he would attempt to preserve peace
November 5,1941 U.S decoded a code from the Japanese Navy was preparing to attack Didn’t know where
Roosevelt sent warning to Hawaii, Guam, and the Philippines Japan would have to be the first to act
December 6,1941- Another message decoded Japan would not accept any peace
proposals
Pearl Harbor
December 7, 1941 Japanese dive bombers swoop low over
Pearl Harbor Largest Naval bases in the Pacific Sunk or damaged 21 ships 8 battleships 300 aircrafts were destroyed or damaged 3 aircraft carriers survived
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