World War II The most significant event of the 20 th Century!

World War II

The most significant event of the 20th Century!

Causes of World War II

•Hitler, Mussolini, and Tojo did not cause World War II.

•The Treaty of Versailles which ended World War I is the chief cause of World War II.

Other Causes of WWIIOther Causes of WWII

Germany was poor and humiliated.Germany was poor and humiliated. The Worldwide depression made life The Worldwide depression made life

bad for everyone, but especially bad for everyone, but especially Germany.Germany.

Italy, Germany, and Russia turned Italy, Germany, and Russia turned to fascist leaders who promised to to fascist leaders who promised to restore national wealth and pride.restore national wealth and pride.

Divided and Weak Government in Germany, Chaos in the Streets!

Von Hidenburg chooses Hitler to be Chancellor in 1933.

Hitler becomes “the fuehrer” when Hindenburg dies!

German Socialist Workers Party, the Nazis, a Midnight Parade!

Europe on the Brink of Europe on the Brink of WarWar In 1934, Adolph Hitler announced a In 1934, Adolph Hitler announced a

program of rearming Germany which was program of rearming Germany which was a violation of the Treaty of Versailles. a violation of the Treaty of Versailles.

In Italy, Benito Mussolini was also building In Italy, Benito Mussolini was also building a powerful military force.a powerful military force.

Many American adults belonged to peace Many American adults belonged to peace organizations and were determined never organizations and were determined never again to enter a foreign war.again to enter a foreign war.

•World War II, or the Second World War, was a worldwide conflict which lasted from 1939 to 1945.

• World War II was the combination of two conflicts, one starting in Asia as the Second Sino-Japanese War, and the other beginning in Europe with the invasion of Poland.

•This global conflict split a majority of the world's nations into two opposing camps: the Allies and the Axis. Spanning much of the globe, World War II resulted in the deaths of over 60 million people, making it the deadliest conflict in human history.

•World War II was the most widespread war ever experienced, mobilizing over 100 million soldiers from 61 nations.

•As a result of World War II, the United States and Soviet Union emerged as the world's two leading superpowers, dominating the world's stage for the next 40 years.

World War IIWorld War II

Mussolini

Italy

Hitler

Germany

Tojo

Japan

Winston Churchill

FDR – Franklin D. Roosevelt

Joseph Stalin

Chaing Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle

The Allies USA (joined the war in 1941), USSR, China, Great Britain, and

France

War in EuropeWar in Europe Roosevelt, while not an isolationist, was Roosevelt, while not an isolationist, was

determined to keep America out of the determined to keep America out of the European war.European war.

March 1938: Hitler takes the Sudetenland March 1938: Hitler takes the Sudetenland of Czechoslovakia and later overruns the of Czechoslovakia and later overruns the entire country.entire country.

August 1939: Germany and Russia sign August 1939: Germany and Russia sign non-aggression pact; Germany attacks non-aggression pact; Germany attacks Poland, making the official beginning of Poland, making the official beginning of World War II as France and Britain were World War II as France and Britain were treaty-bound to come to the aid of Poland.treaty-bound to come to the aid of Poland.

Appeasement•giving Hitler what he wants to avoid war

•The Rhineland

•Austria

•The Sudetenland

•Czechoslovakia

•Neville Chamberlain –Prime Minister of Great Britain 1930’s

WW II Europe Red countries are Allied or Allied-controlled. Blue is Axis or Axis controlled countries, and the Soviet Union is colored green prior to joining the Allies in 1941.

On September 1, 1939, Germany invaded Poland. The Polish army expected the attack to come along the Polish frontiers, but Hitler introduced a new kind of war called a blitzkriegblitzkrieg,, which means which means “lightning war.”“lightning war.” Waves of German bombers targeted railroads, which crippled Polish military mobilization. Hundreds of tanks smashed through Polish defenses and rolled deep into the country. The Poles fought hard, but on September 17, the Soviet Union invaded their country from the east. By the end of the month, Poland had fallen.

Germans invade France!Germans invade France!June 1940June 1940

The French are defeated!!!

With the Fall of France in June 1940: 3 Frances are created!

1. Occupied France

2. Vichy France

3. Free France

http://www.zum.de/whkmla/histatlas/france/haxfrance.html

Hitler’s Invasion of Russia – Operation Barbarossa

June 22, 1941

A potentially easy victory except for General Winter!

The U.S. and Lend-LeaseThe U.S. and Lend-Lease

Before 1941, the United States stayed Before 1941, the United States stayed out of World War II.out of World War II.

President Roosevelt worked out a deal President Roosevelt worked out a deal called lend-lease, which allowed him to called lend-lease, which allowed him to give weapons to any countries on the give weapons to any countries on the Allied side (including tanks, airplanes, Allied side (including tanks, airplanes, and ships).and ships).

PropagandaPropaganda Propaganda is information presented in Propaganda is information presented in

an attempt to influence people.an attempt to influence people. 3 Types3 Types

testimonial – quoting or paraphrasing an testimonial – quoting or paraphrasing an authority or celebrity to support one’s own authority or celebrity to support one’s own argumentargument

generalization – a statement that suggests all generalization – a statement that suggests all members of a group are the same in some waymembers of a group are the same in some way

scare tactics – the threat that if you do not do or scare tactics – the threat that if you do not do or believe something, something terrible will happenbelieve something, something terrible will happen

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Scare Tactic

Scare Tactic

Scare Tactic

Then came the Then came the attack on Pearl attack on Pearl Harbor!!!Harbor!!!

Pearl HarborPearl Harbor Pearl Harbor, Hawaii was home to the Pearl Harbor, Hawaii was home to the

American Pacific Fleet in 1941.American Pacific Fleet in 1941. Japan, in retaliation for the economic Japan, in retaliation for the economic

stance of the U.S. in terms of material stance of the U.S. in terms of material sales and trade, launched a surprise sales and trade, launched a surprise attack on the base on December 7.attack on the base on December 7.

This action unified the country and This action unified the country and threw America into World War II.threw America into World War II.

December 7th 1941

Isoroku Yamamoto planned the December 7th

attack on Pearl Harbor.

FDR asks for a declaration of

War on December 8, 1941.FDR "Day of Infamy" Speech

Above -- U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt signs the declaration of war against Japan, December 8, 1941. (Photo credit: U.S. National Archives)

Basic Allied Strategy:

•win the battle of supply

•stop the Axis advance

•defeat Hitler first

Life expectancy in the first wave: 26 seconds!

Normandy Invasion,Normandy Invasion,D-Day (June 6, 1944)D-Day (June 6, 1944)

Paris Liberated August 1944!

Pulitzer Prize Winning Photograph of the US Marines Raise the Flag on Mt. Surabachi

The Battle for the Island of Iwo Jima!

The first atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima, Japan, on August 6, 1945, during World War II. The blast killed an estimated 60,000 to 70,000 people, according to United States estimates. The second bomb was dropped on Nagasaki, another city in Japan.

The Atomic Bomb!

World War II Changes the World!•atomic age begins •jets, computers, and rockets invented •radar and sonar •penicillin, sulfa, and antibiotics

•imperialism and colonialism end •USA & USSR emerge as Superpowers

•Cold War begins

•Holocaust and the death of 6 million Jews