World War II The Blitzkrieg American Neutrality Review.

World War IIWorld War II

The BlitzkriegThe Blitzkrieg

American NeutralityAmerican Neutrality

ReviewReview

The Invasion of PolandThe Invasion of Poland • Sept. 1, 1939 • German troops invade from the east• Soviet troops invade from the west • Britain and France had pledged to declare war if Hitler

invaded Poland– Britain, France, Australia, and New Zealand declare

war on Germany – Poland was forced to surrender on Oct. 6, 1939

German Troops March into WarsawGerman Troops March into Warsaw

The BlitzkriegThe Blitzkrieg• Blitzkrieg- German word meaning

“lightning warfare”• Military strategy developed by

Germany• Utilized tanks (panzers), motorized

vehicles, airplanes, and paratroopers to quickly mobilize troops and overwhelm enemy forces

German PanzersGerman Panzers

The Phony WarThe Phony War• Sept. 1939-May 1940• Period of calm after the invasion

of Poland• Britain and France were

expecting Hitler to attack France after the fall of Poland

• British moved troops to France to help defend against expected German attack

• Germany would attack Denmark and Norway in April 1940 – Wanted to prevent the

possibility of being blockaded by the British navy

The Fall of FranceThe Fall of France

• May 10, 1940• Germany launches Blitzkrieg on

Belgium, Holland, and France

The Fall of FranceThe Fall of France• France was prepared for a

German attack along their western border with Germany– French had constructed

a series of forts along this border

– These forts were known as the Maginot Line

– Maginot Line did not cover the Ardennes Forest because it was thought that Germany could not attack through the thick forest

• Germany bypassed the Maginot Line and attacked through the Ardennes Forest

DunkirkDunkirk• British and French

troops became trapped by German forces in the Belgian sea-side town of Dunkirk

• German forces slowed their advance so they did not over stretch their supply lines

• Hitler decides to turn over the destruction of the allied forces at Dunkirk to the German Luftwaffe (air force) Hitler with Luftwaffe chief Herman Goering

British Evacuation from British Evacuation from DunkirkDunkirk

• The decision by Hitler to hold back his army gave the British a chance to rescue their forces from Dunkirk

• Operation Dynamo – British sent out a

request for all available watercraft to head to Dunkirk

– 338,000 British and French troops were rescued by 800 ships

France SurrendersFrance Surrenders

• June 1940

Hitler makes the French sign their surrender in the same railcar that Germany signed the armistice ending the fighting in WWI

France SurrendersFrance Surrenders• France is divided

– Occupied France was controlled by the German military

– Vichy France was controlled by a puppet government • Did what ever Germany wanted

Goering and the head of the Vichy French government Henri Petain

German Forces Advance German Forces Advance Across Western EuropeAcross Western Europe

ReviewReview

Now Britain Is All Alone!Now Britain Is All Alone!

Operation Sea LionOperation Sea Lion

• Hitler’s planned invasion of Britain • Germany wanted to accomplish two

goals before they invaded Britain– Weaken British morale by bombing

British cities– Establish control of the air by destroying

the Royal Air Force• This lead to the Battle of Britain in

August 1940

Battle of Britain:

The “Blitz”

Battle of Britain:

The “Blitz”

The London “Tube”:Air Raid Shelters during the

Blitz

The London “Tube”:Air Raid Shelters during the

Blitz

British Prime Minister Winston Churchill

British Prime Minister Winston Churchill

The Battle of BritainThe Battle of Britain

• The British RAF was able to keep the Germans from dominating the skies – Inflicted major damage to the German

Luftwaffe

• Hitler cancels Operation Sea Lion• German submarines would inflict

damage on Britain by sinking ships bringing supplies to that country

Operation BarbarossaOperation Barbarossa

• German invasion of the Soviet Union– When Hitler’s plan to invade Britain failed, he

turned his attention on the Soviet Union

Operation Barbarossa: June 22, 1941

Operation Barbarossa: June 22, 1941

3,000,000 German soldiers.

3,400 tanks.

Operation Barbarossa:Hitler’s Biggest MistakeOperation Barbarossa:

Hitler’s Biggest Mistake

• Germany now was faced with a two front war

• German troops invaded the Soviet Union in the Summer– They would advance to within miles of

the Soviet Capital in Moscow– Winter then began and the German

troops got bogged down• Were unprepared for the Russian winter• Soviets began counter-attack

American NeutralityAmerican Neutrality

American NeutralityAmerican Neutrality

• The Neutrality Acts– A series of laws

passed between 1935-37 which banned the sale of weapons to nations at war

American NeutralityAmerican Neutrality

• The Lend-Lease Act– March 1941– Allowed America to sell, lend, or lease

arms or other war supplies to any nation considered vital to the defense of the United States

– U.S ships began escorting British convoys that were endanger of being sunk by German submarines

Great Britain.........................$31 billionSoviet Union..........................$11 billionFrance..................................$3 billionChina..................................$1.5 billionOther European......................$500 millionSouth America.......................$400 million

The amount totaled: $48,601,365,000

U. S. Lend-Lease Act,1941

U. S. Lend-Lease Act,1941

Lend-LeaseLend-Lease

The Atlantic CharterThe Atlantic Charter Roosevelt and

Churchill sign treaty of friendship in August 1941.

Solidifies alliance.

Fashioned after Wilson’s 14 Points.

Calls for League of Nations type organization.