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International DailyInternational Daily

Germany sets outto take back old

territory!By Luther Pedeglorio

Staff Writer

Germany – Adolf Hitler found theWestern Democracies' need forpeace as a weakness and decidedto militarized Germany, which isagainst the Versailles Treaty.Western democracies saw thethreat but took no real actioninstead adopting an appeasementpolicy. An appeasement policy is when a country gives in to thedemands of the aggressor in order to keep the peace. Hitler exploited

this weakness, he persevered onhis goal of bringing all Germanspeaking people into the ThirdReich. He was in favor of theGerman race or “Aryans race” andthought they were superior to allother race therefore he wanted toset in to the inferior Slavs to theeast. He declared, “Nature is cruel ,therefore we, too may be cruel...Ihave the right to remove millionsof an inferior race that breeds likevermin.”

By 1938, Hitler engineeredthe Anschluss, the union ofAustria and Germany. He laterbecame ruler of Austria whenAustrian leader “gave in” toHitler's demands. Germany then

turned to Czechoslovakia, one ofthe two remaining democracies inEastern Europe. Britain and Francehowever were still seekingpeaceful answers to the problems,they did not wage war. Hitlers yetagain increased his demands as aresult. Czechoslovakia was askedto surrender and so it becameGerman territory.

Hitler went too farhowever, when he invaded Polandon September1, 1939. A couple ofdays later Britain and Francedeclared war, which began WorldWar II.

AmbitiousMussolini…Justcan't get enough.

By Luther PedeglorioStaff Writer

Italy – In 1935, Italian leaderBenito Mussolini also saw the needfor peace as a weakness and hetook advantage of it by invadingEthiopia and rising to power. Italygained momentum and in no timeEthiopia asked the League ofNations for help. In turn, theLeague of Nations tried to enforcepenalties but was too weak toreally cause changes. This led toItaly's expansion into Ethiopia.

German and Italian Empires. Hitler violated the treaty and expanded beyond its boundaries. Italy on the other hand went over seas.

A2...........JapanA3...........Germany

A4...........ItalyA5...........Soviet Union

A6...........SpainA7...........Britain

A8...........U.S.A9...........U.S. / Extra

Friday, February 16, 2010

GERMANY

Adolf HitlerBy Luther Pedeglorio

Student

Adolf Hitler was born in 1889.As a kid he became engrossedwith the German victory in theFranco-Prussian War. To quote,“I became more and moreenthusiastic about everything...connected with war.” In 1923,he failed in seizing Munich andwas imprisoned. While inprison he wrote Mein Kampf(“My Struggle”), this bookwould later become the basisfor most of Nazi ideology andgoals.

Less than a year later,Adolf Hitler was released fromprison and he launched aprogram to end reparations, andcreate jobs. Within a year,Hitler became the dictator ofGermany and he built a newGermany and called it the ThirdReich which he based on theempire that Bismarck created in

1871. This he achieved byruling with an iron hand,controlling every aspect ofGerman life. He organized asystem that eliminated all thatargued against his actions. Withthis kind of ruling in place hemanaged to take control ofGermany as a dictator.

Hitler believed that theAryans was the “master race,”and considered the Slavs ofEastern Europe to be inferiorthus they were driven aside tomake more room for thesuperior race. During the 1930'sthousands of Jews together withpolitical opponents were sent toconcentration camps, wherethey were forced to work inharsh conditions. His racial actsled to a killing spree in whichthey killed all people hebelieved was “racially inferior,”European Jews in particular. Healso killed other people whodid not meet the “Aryanideal”which included Slavs,Gypsies, homosexuals and thedisabled. By 1945, the Nazisslaughtered more than sixmillion Jews in what becameknown as the Holocaust. TheFinal Solution is the short termfor “Final Solution of theJewish Question” which is theNazis' term used to describe theattempt in killing all the Jews inEurope.

Dessert Fox onthe loose

By Luther Pedeglorio

Erwin Rommel was a GermanField Marshal of World War II,renowned for his African desertvictories during World War II,thus the nick name, “TheDesert fox.” He achieved abrilliant record as a tactician indesert warfare, driving theBritish from Libya to el-Alamein. In 1944, hecommanded the German armiescharged with the defense ofnorthern France. Accused ofcomplicity in the attempt onHitler's life in July 1944, hechose to take poison rather thanstand trial.

Adolf Hitler, known for his

genocidal acts.

A3

“Desert Fox” ready for battle

Soviet Union

Joseph StalinBy Luther Pedeglorio

Персонал писатель

Joseph Stalin was born onDecember 18, 1878. He was theGeneral Secretary of theCommunist Party of the SovietUnion from 1922 till his deathin 1953. he became the leaderof the Soviet Union in 1924. By1928, He proposed one of his“five-year plans” in which thefocus was on building a heavyindustry, improvingtransportation and increasingfarm output. The Soviet unionalso developed a commandeconomy where thegovernment official made allbasic economic decisions.

Under Stalin,agriculture fell into thegovernment's control. Thegovernment wanted the farmersto produce grain to feed cityfarmers and at the same timeexcess products were to be soldabroad for extra income to thestate. This however failedmiserably because the peasantsworking the lands refused toproduce the products. In turnStalin launched a programcalled “de-kulakization” whereall the wealthy farmers, whoStalin thought was behind theresistance, were sent to laborcamps, where they died fromstarvation and overwork. Thisruthless action became knownas The Terror Famine.

Stalin used terroragainst his people to ensureobedience. Yet later in 1934, helaunched the Great Purge.

During this time, Stalin's secretpolice were rounding upanybody who revolted. As aresult Stalin's power increasedbecause the people were awareof consequences if theyrevolted.

In August 1939, theNazi-Soviet Pact was created,which was a nonaggressionpact between Hitler and Stalin.The pact however was solelybased on fear because Hitlerfeared communism as Stalinfeared Fascism. The pact waslater nullified however whenHitler invaded the Soviet Unionin June 1941, in hopes to gainnatural resources. Although theSoviet lost more than twomillion soldiers trying to fightoff the German Army, naturecame into play because theGerman army was not preparedfor the bitter winter weatherthat also eliminated Napoleon'sGrand Army in 1812. In the endGermany was the loser losing asubstantial number of its armyand not being able to really takehold of The Soviet Union.

Joseph Stalin in battle ready uniform.

A5

Britain

Peace duringWar Era?By Luther Pedeglorio

The Western Democracies,namely France, Britan and TheUnited States sought policy ofappeasement amidst Hitler'suprising. France suffered frominternal political division.Britain had no intention to faceGermany and The United Stateswas depleted by the GreatDepression. These countrieshad their own problems to dealwith so in the mid 1930's theU.S. Congress passed a seriesof Neutrality Acts whichforbade the selling of arms toany waring nation and loans tonation at war. On September 1,1939 German forces invadedPoland, this caused Britain andFrance to declare war onGermany. This was thebeginning of World War II. TheWestern Democracies werefinally aware that Hitler'sactions has gone too far.

WinstonChurchill

boosts Britain'smorale.

By Luther Pedeglorio

Sir Winston Churchill was aBritish politician who becamethe Prime Minister of theUnited Kingdom. On 3September 1939 NevilleChamberlain, British PrimeMinister at the time, declaredwar on Germany following theGerman invasion of Poland.Churchill did not lead Britaininto World War II rather hecontinued what Chamberlainstarted especially whenBritain's outlook was down tothe ground.

Churchill quote: “Weshall defend or island, whateverthe cost may be, we shall fighton the beaches, we shall fighton the landing grounds, weshall fight in the fields and inthe streets, we shall fight in thehills; we shall never surrender.”These morale boostingspeeches helped Britain win theWar even though it seemed likeeverything was doomed.

Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill seating in a chair, with the infamous Churchill cigar.

A7

United States

FranklinDelanoRooseveltBy Luther Pedeglorio

The United States officiallyentered World War II inDecember 1941, after theJapanese attack on PearlHarbor.At the time, the 32nd President,Franklin Delano Roosevelt(FDR) had a lot of things tojumble. First he needed to getthe United States of of thedepression and then try to helpin the war against the Axispower. He launched a programcalled the “New Deal” whichregulated the stock market andprotected bank deposits.Government programs createdjobs and gave aids to farmers.This helped the United Statesout of the Great Depression.

He also advocatedpreparedness and that thenation should serve as an

arsenal for the democracies.During WWII, Roosevelt andWinston Churchill, GreatBritain's prime minister,personally determined Alliedmilitary and naval strategy inthe West. They gave priority toGermany's defeat and, in viewof Hitler's claim that Germanywas never defeated, onlybetrayed, in the first war,insisted on unconditionalsurrender. Before the war endedhowever, FDR died in April 12,1945, and Harry Truman tookoffice.

DouglasMacArthur

By Luther Pedeglorio

Douglas MacArthur was anAmerican general, whocommanded Allied troops in thePacific during World War II,supervised the postwaroccupation of Japan, and ledUN forces during the KoreanWar. He retired in 1935 but wassoon Recalled to active duty tocommand American troops inthe Philippines in July 1941,MacArthur jettisoned a planthat called for U.S. forces towithdraw to Bataan in case of aJapanese attack and to go onthe defensive until help arrived;he optimistically hoped to stopthe Japanese on the beach.When war came, however, hesoon reverted to the originalplan.

32nd President of the United

States.

Douglas MacArthur smoking his

pipe. Taken probably at Manila, Philippine.

A8

United States/Extra

DwightEisenhower

By Luther Pedeglorio

Dwight D. Eisenhower was anAmerican military leader,whose great popularity asAllied supreme commanderduring World War II securedhim election as the 34thpresident of the U.S.Duringtraining exercises in 1940–41,Eisenhower won praise inseveral army staff positions,culminating in that of chief ofstaff of the Third Army; at thesame time he was promoted tobrigadier general. Called to theWar Department as aPhilippines expert a few daysafter the attacks on PearlHarbor and the Philippines, hewon further promotion to majorgeneral and was named chief ofthe newly organized OperationsDivision of the General Staffthree months later. By this timethe army's top planner, he thenprepared plans for the Europeantheater of operations, and in

June 1942 he was givencommand of U.S. forces inEurope by Army Chief of StaffGeorge C. Marshall.

Doctrines andPlans

By Luther Pedeglorio

New conflicts developed whenStalin showed aggressiveintentions outside of EasterEurope, particularity Greece. In1947, Britain could no longerdefend Greece. President HarryTruman of the United States tooaction by outlining new policyto congress on March 12,1947.The policy states: “I believethat it must be the policy of theUnites States to support freepeoples who are resistingattempted subjugation byarmed minorities or by outsidepressures.” This policy becameknown as the Truman Doctrine.

After the war WesternEuropean lands were fertile forcommunist ideas due to hungerand poverty. To combat this, theUnited States offered a massiveaid package called the MarshallPlan. With this program inplace, the U.S. Sent food andeconomic assistance to Europeto help countries rebuild.

Together at last!By Luther Pedeglorio

The UN was founded onOctober 24, 1945 in SanFrancisco, California, followingthe Dumbarton OaksConference in Washington, DC,but the first General Assembly,

with 51 nations represented,was not held until January 10,1946, in Central HallWestminster, London. BeforeWorld War II, there existed asomewhat similar organizationunder the name of League ofNations, which can thus beconsidered the UN's precursor.UN membership is open to all"peace-loving states" thataccept the obligations of theUN Charter and, in thejudgment of the organization,are able and willing to fulfillthese obligations. The GeneralAssembly determinesadmission uponrecommendation of theSecurity Council.

The North AtlanticTreaty Organization (NATO),also called "the (North) AtlanticAlliance", is anintergovernmental militaryalliance based on the NorthAtlantic Treaty which wassigned on 4 April 1949.Theorganization constitutes asystem of collective defensewhereby its member statesagree to mutual defense inresponse to an attack by anyexternal party.

The Southeast Asia TreatyOrganization (SEATO) was aninternational organization forcollective defense which wassigned on September 8, 1954.The formal institution ofSEATO was established at ameeting of treaty partners inBangkok in February 1955. Itwas primarily created to blockfurther communist gains inSoutheast Asia.

34th President of The U.S.

A9

Graphs A10