World War II K now? W ant to Know? L earned?. World War II.

World War II

Know?Want to Know?Learned?

World War II

World War II

Voices from the past:

  "I would say to the House, as I said to those who have joined this Government, I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears and sweat. We have before us an ordeal of the most grievous kind. We have before us many long months of toil and struggle…

Questions?

World War II

…You ask what is our policy. I will say, it is to wage war with all our might, with all the strength that God can give us, to wage war against a monstrous tyranny never surpassed in the dark, lamentable catalogue of human crime…

Questions?

World War II

…You ask what is our aim? I can answer in one word: Victory. Victory at all costs. Victory in spite of all terror. Victory however long and hard the road may be. For without victory there is no survival.”

Questions? Winston Churchill, Prime Minister of Great

Britain, 1940.

World War II

- Given as Britain was being bombed by the German air force, awaiting invasion by the German army across the English Channel.

- France had surrendered, leaving Britain to face the threat of Mussolini and Hitler alone.

- Interesting fact: - Churchill is considered one of the greatest public

speakers of the 20th century…- Yet he struggled with stuttering when he spoke…

World War II Objectives for today:

1. To understand the causes of World War II.2. To identify why the United States got involved in the war.3. To observe the scope and scale of the war.4. To forecast the future effects of the war.

Text: Chapter 29

World War II Review The Great Depression in the U.S. had ripple effects

all around the globe. Germany, Italy, and other European nations were

particularly hard hit. Question: How does this set the stage for strict

dictators to rise to power? Poverty, joblessness and despair opened the door

for fascist dictators to rise to power in several European nations.

“Trains will run on time!” – Benito Mussolini, Italy

World War II

Review These dictators blamed the ruin and

economic disaster of their countries on foreigners, Communists, and in some cases, Jews.

Facism: a military dictatorship built on racist and nationalistic principles.

Benito Mussolini – Italy Adolf Hitler – Germany

World War II

World War II

Outline1. Causes of WWII

2. U.S. Involvement

3. Scope and Scale of WWII

4. Future Effects of WWII

Causes

Appeasement Germany: Hitler absorbed Austria and Czechoslovakia with no

resistance (1938-39). Italy: Mussolini supported the overthrow of the Spanish Republic

and invaded Ethiopia (1935-36). Japan: Takes Manchuria and Peking (1931, 1937). The U.S., unwilling to get involved in another European

conflict, passes the Neutrality Act in 1935. FDR signs the act reluctantly.

Causes

This map shows the spread of dictatorships in Europe during WWII.

Causes

Involvement

The U.S. eased into WW II. The American public was in no mood for another

war. Hitler takes Czechoslovakia and Poland, and Britain

and France respond by declaring war on Germany. Roosevelt urges Congress to allow the U.S. to sell

weapons to G.B. and France. Cash and carry policy: Allies buy weapons with cash

and transport in their own ships.

Blitzkrieg

Involvement

Hitler invades Norway, Denmark, the Netherlands, and Belgium.

France surrenders, G.B. stands alone. U.S. steps up aid, providing 50 old WW I

destroyers. Lend-lease policy: the U.S. lends war

supplies that would be returned by G.B. U.S. gets involved in the battle for the

Atlantic.

Involvement

Involvement

Germany turns on the USSR, a former ally through their non-aggression pact.

Churchill in response to U.S. aid to the USSR:

“I have only one purpose, the destruction of Hitler…If Hitler invaded Hell I would at least make a favorable reference to the Devil in the House of Commons.”

Involvement

Pearl Harbor The U.S. sought peace with Japan, which was

rejected by Japan. December 7, 1941

“Air Raid on Pearl Harbor. This is no Drill.” Conspiracy theory?

Japanese victories in the Pacific: Guam, Wake Island, Hong Kong, Singapore,

Thailand, Bataan, Philippines, Burma, East Indies.

Scope and Scale

German success in Europe: Occupies most of Europe, North Africa, deep into

the Soviet Union. Turning Point:

The Battle of Stalingrad Four months of desperate, house-to-house

fighting The city was destroyed, 1.5 million dead. The Red Army surrounds Hitler’s freezing army in

February 1943.

Scope and Scale

North Africa American and British forces push Erwin Rommel

(The “Desert Fox”) and his Afrika Korps out of North Africa

This ends the war in North Africa. Exposes the “soft underbelly” of Europe.

Scope and Scale

Italy: British and American invade Italy Mussolini is overthrown and the new

government quickly surrenders.

Scope and Scale

Normandy Invasion June 6, 1944 “Operation Overlord” 176,000 Allied troops Largest amphibious force in history 60 mile coastline in France

Scope and Scale

Soviet advance Closing in from the east. Eventually meet the American forces in

Germany.

Scope and Scale

The End of the War - 1945 Feb 4: The Yalta Conference

Roosevelt, Churchill, Stalin (The Big Three) Discuss final invasion of Germany Agree to create a peace organization in San

Francisco later that year.

Scope and Scale

April 12: Roosevelt Dies Massive cerebral hemorrhage in Georgia. V.P. Harry Truman sworn in.

April 24: Manhattan Project Top secret plan to develop atomic bomb revealed

to Truman. He is reluctant to use it.

Scope and Scale

April 30: Hitler Commits Suicide In a bomb-proof Berlin bunker, Hitler marries his

mistress, Eva Braun. He poisons her, then kills himself. His remains are never recovered.

May 7: German Surrender The Germans officially surrender to Gen.

Eisenhower at Rheims, France. To the Soviets in Berlin. “V Day” is May 8.

Scope and Scale August 6: Hiroshima

Enola Gay drops the bomb on this industrial city of 344,000.

80,000 die immediately, 100,000 seriously injured. 98% of city’s buildings leveled. Even the makers of the weapon are astounded by its

destructive capability. Ethical questions surround Truman’s decision to use the

bomb. August 9: Nagasaki August 14: Japan Surrenders

Gen. MacArthur accepts the formal, unconditional surrender of Japan aboard the USS Missouri in Tokyo Bay.

Effects of WW II

War Deaths American Civil War – 620,000 WWI combat total – 10,000,000 dead (16X) WWII combat total – 30,000,000 dead (48X) WWII total death – 55,000,000 dead (88X) Populations today:

Australia – 20 mil. Canada – 33 mil. South Korea – 49 mil. Italy – 58 mil.

Effects of WW II

The “Final Solution” 6 million Jews perish in concentration camps. Slavs, East Europeans, gypsies and homosexuals

are likewise killed in the millions. Further reading:

Art Spiegelman’s Maus I and II

Effects of WW II

American Losses in the Pacific Iwo Jima

March 16, 1945 (1 month long) 25,000 U.S. Marines die Last line of radar defense for Japan

Okinawa April 1, 1945 (Easter Sunday/April Fools) 80,000 American casualties Costliest of the Pacific battles

Effects of WW II Future Ramifications Eastern Europe and parts of China were given to Stalin in return

for his declaration of war against Germany. Similar to the Treaty of Versailles that ended WWI. The Soviets begin building a bloc of buffer states: Eastern

Europe, China, North Korea, etc. In part, the U.S. decided to drop the bomb on Japan as a

deterrent to the new threat of the Soviets. This ushers in a new world order in which the U.S.A. and USSR

vie for world dominance, commonly known as THE COLD WAR To be continued…

Homework

Thinking Maps Discussion Webs: Should the U.S. have entered WW II? Should one country intervene militarily in the

affairs of another to protect property owned by its citizens?

Timeline Choose a topic from the following list:

Projects

Topics for further exploration: (Groups of 3) The Manhattan Project Concentration camps New weaponry in WWII Normandy Beach landing Japanese internment Social change in the U.S. during WWII

Dunkirk evacuation Iwo Jima Swiss neutrality

Projects

Find, read and print one source of information.

No wikipedia! Only authoritative sources. Share information and discuss the important

facts to be shared with the class. You choose the method by which your topic

will be shared. 5 minute allotment.