World War II and Its Aftermath

World War IIand

Its Aftermath

Going to the Mall…A young mother took her young son, age 5, with her to the mall for some shopping. While cruising through the mall the little boy spotted candy in a store window and asked his mom for some candy. When she said “no,” the boy began to cry and throw a temper tantrum. He demanded candy and would not stop until he got his treat…

Still at the Mall…After he ate the candy he asked for more. When she said “no, you already had some” he began to cry and throw another tantrum. He would not stop making noise until he spotted a toy store, whereupon he asked his mom for a toy. When she said “no” he got violent and tried to hit her. Frustrated, the young mom agreed to buy the toy IF he promised not to ask for anything else. The boy promised and the mom bought the small toy…

The Final Mall Scene• Not more than 5 minutes later they

smelled and passed by a fresh baked cookie store and the boy asked for a cookie. When the mother said “no it is now too close to lunch time” the boy raged and this time kicked his mom in the shin…

• How should the young mother handle this scenario?

• Who is to blame for the incident?

Steps into Madness: WW2

• Step 1: 1931 – Japan invades Manchuria– World protests, but no action

• Step 2: 1933– Hitler elected, then seizes power– World watches

• Step 3: 1935– Italy invades Ethiopia– World protests, issues economic sanctions

but no action

1. 1. 1.

Steps into Madness: WW2

• Step 4: 1936– Nazi G enters “de-militarized” Rhineland,

breaks treaty >> World watches, no action– Spanish Civil War, Fascist takeover? US/GB/F

neutral, USSR helps “republican Loyalists” BUT Nazi G aids Fascist Gen. Franco, Fascists win!

• Step 5: 1937– Japan invades eastern China >> Atrocities…

World condemns, no action– US boycotts Japan… no more OIL! J

Steps into Madness: WW2

• Step 6: 1938– Nazi G “annexes” Austria aka the Anschluss,

breaks treaty… world protests but no action– Nazi G demands Sudetenland to unite Germans,

Munich Conference = Appeasement Peace?

• Step 7: 1939– Nazi G takes rest of Czechoslovakia, world

protests but no action– Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact signed…

Hitler & Stalin agree to divide Poland, no war

The Steps to Madness: WW2

• Where is this all headed?

• What were the MOST critical precursors to WW2?

• When should have the world acted & what action would have been appropriate?

Pablo Picasso – Cubist PaintingGuernica, 1937

What is he communicating?

Hitler & Poland

• Lebensraum

• Polish Corridor

• Goal = German Unification

War in Europe: Phase I

• Invasion of Poland 9/1/1939– Nazi Blitzkrieg

• Air attack• Armor• Infantry

– USSR Expands per Nazi-Soviet Pact• Eastern Poland• Baltic nations• Finland

– Sitzkrieg = Phony War

War in Europe: Blitzkrieg Phase II 1940

• Invasion of Scandinavia– Norway & Denmark

• Invasion of Low Countries– Holland, Belgium &

Luxembourg

• Invasion of France– Dunkirk (G’s Mistake)– Capture of Paris– Occupied France

v. Vichy France

WW II: Phase II… continued

• Operation Sea Lion >> Battle of Britain– GB is isolated, Nazi controls Continent

• Prime Minister Churchill… “finest hour”

– US is neutral… isolationism… but WC + FDR deal…

• Cash & Carry > Destroyer Deal > Lend Lease > Atlantic Charter

– Nazi Luftwaffe bombs military targets…oops, civilians too!

– GB bombs Berlin… Hitler angry – Nazi bombing shifts to London

• the Blitz… day & night bombings

– RAF defends with help of RADAR– Hitler abandons plan…

What were Hitler’s 2 Mistakes?• Dunkirk

– Allowed 200,00+ Allies troops to escape

• Operation Sea Lion– Chose to not invade GB– G Lost the Battle of Britain

• RADAR + RAF = GB saved• Churchill unites GB

1941: A Big Year in WW2 Europe• Nazi conquest of Balkans

– Italians fail, Nazi defeats Greece + Yugoslavia

– Resistance movements

• Nazi conquest of North Africa– Italians fail, Gen. Rommel take

all EXCEPT Egypt– El Alamein: Gen. Montgomery

(GB) stops Gen. Rommel (G), Suez Canal saved

1941: A Big Year in WW2 Europe

• Nazi invasion of USSR

• Op. Barbarossa = Mistake #3– Hitler breaks Nazi-Soviet Pact >

Blitzkrieg– Russian winter – Siege @ Leningrad, Nazi loss!– Stalingrad = Urban Warfare

• US military aid + Soviet troops• Nazi loss • TURN POINT in WW2!

Holocaust: Ultimate Madness

• Photo Gallery: Observations + Reactions

US – Japanese Relations

• ‘30s J aggression – Atrocities v. China

• ‘40 US embargo vs J– NO oil, steel, iron, etc

• J : Needs Resources – Negotiates + Plots vs. USA

1941: US Entry into WW2

• 3/41: Lend-Lease Act– US industry supplies war materials– “Arsenal of Democracy”

• 8/41: Atlantic Charter– FDR & Churchill state goals– No conquest, “end tyranny”

• 12/7/41: J Attacks Pearl Harbor– SURPRISE! USA unprepared!!

• 1942: J conquers most of Pacific– Hong Kong, Singapore, Malaysia (GB)– Philippines + Bataan Death March, Guam (US)– Indochina (F), East Indies (NL)

1942: Japan’s Advance

1942: Allies Total War ends Great Depression

• Gov’t controls economy– Jobs, Production & prices

• Gov’t rations resources– Food, fuel, materials

• Gov’t sell war bonds = $$

• Gov’t limits civil rights

• Gov’t uses propaganda– Censor, Educate, Support

• Gov’t “interns” suspects– J-Ams >> camps, lost all

Women in WW2• War industry jobs

– Production, Rosie the Riveter– Clerical

• Military jobs– Spies– Non-combat roles– Pilots, clerical, medicine

• Fought in Resistance– France, Greece, etc

1942: Turning Points

• Casablanca Conference– Big 3: FDR, Churchill & Stalin– Europe 1st, then Pacific

• 5/42 Coral Sea (Carriers)– Stops J 1st time, near Australia

• 6/42 Midway (Carriers)– Cripples J navy, sinks 4 carriers

• 11/42 El Alamein (No. Africa)– Stops Nazis, saves Suez Canal

1943: Allies Begin Winning • 1/43: Soviets win @ Stalingrad

– G in retreat, Soviets re-claim land

• 5/43: Operation Torch succeeds

– US + GB trap Rommel’s Army

– Allies control No. Africa

• 7/43: US + GB >> Italy surrenders

– Bloody, Mussolini out

– Nazis fight on!

• 12/43: Tehran Conference (Big 3)

– Different goals GB + US v. USSR

– Mistrust : Borders? W. Front?

1944: Allies Push toward Germany

• Soviet Red Army pushes W– Reclaims land, takes land

• Bombing Germany– Factories, infrastructure

• 6/6/44: D-Day = Surprise!– Normandy– US, GB, Canada forces– Paratroopers + Beach

Invasion– Foothold > Liberate France!

1945: Victory in Europe!

• 1/45: Battle of the Bulge– Last Nazi offensive, failed

• 2/45: Yalta Conference – Big 3– USSR to help v. J, gets land– Divide & Occupy G, free elections?

• 2/45: Firebombing of Dresden

• 4/45: US & Soviets in Germany

• 4/45: Hitler suicide, G surrenders

• 5/8/45: V-E Day!!

Path to Victory in the Pacific

• 4/42 Doolittle Raid

• 5/42 Philippines fall • 5/42 Coral Sea • 6/42 Midway • Summer ‘42 USA

starts Island Hopping– Guadalcanal– Iwo Jima, etc.

• ‘44 J Kamikaze

1945: Victory in the Pacific• Manhattan Project

– Top Secret– Nuclear bomb

• Q: Invade or Bomb?• Potsdam Conference

– HST informs Soviets– HST warns J

• Hiroshima 8/6/45 – No surrender yet

• Nagasaki 8/9/45– Surrender 8/15/45

• V-J Day 9/2/45 = Treaty signed