World War II 1939-1945. I. Dictators Rise To Power A. Treaty of Versailles- created depression in Europe and resentment in Germany. Countries were economically.

World War IIWorld War II1939-19451939-1945

I. Dictators Rise To PowerI. Dictators Rise To Power A. Treaty of Versailles-A. Treaty of Versailles-

created depression created depression in Europe and in Europe and resentment in resentment in

Germany. Germany. Countries Countries were were economically ruined and economically ruined and

people feared people feared Communism in the East.Communism in the East.

I. Dictators Rise To PowerI. Dictators Rise To Power B. New LeadersB. New Leaders

Leaders promised a bright future Leaders promised a bright future for for their people and blamed their people and blamed others.others.

Benito Mussolini-Italy-Fascist Benito Mussolini-Italy-Fascist PartyParty


Adolf Hitler-Germany-Nazi PartyAdolf Hitler-Germany-Nazi Party

Hitler believed in a "master Hitler believed in a "master race" race" of Germans and used of Germans and used secret secret police and the police and the military to control military to control and and manipulate the people.manipulate the people.


After gaining support, these After gaining support, these leaders leaders became aggressive. became aggressive.

I. Dictators Rise To PowerI. Dictators Rise To Power C. Territorial InvasionsC. Territorial Invasions

Japan invaded ManchuriaJapan invaded Manchuria

Hitler militarized the Rhineland Hitler militarized the Rhineland

II. American PositionII. American PositionA. Good Neighbor Policy-continued in A. Good Neighbor Policy-continued in

the the face a new developments. Many face a new developments. Many Americans promoted Americans promoted

isolationism.isolationism.

-Congress passed the Neutrality -Congress passed the Neutrality Acts Acts to keep the United States to keep the United States out of out of armed conflicts.armed conflicts.

II. American PositionII. American PositionB. Roosevelt Challenges IsolationismB. Roosevelt Challenges Isolationism

-Japan continued actions in -Japan continued actions in China and the U.S. China and the U.S.

supported supported China with arms China with arms and funds to and funds to rebuild.rebuild.

-Roosevelt wanted to -Roosevelt wanted to "quarantine" the "quarantine" the aggressors.aggressors.

III. Hitler Marches in III. Hitler Marches in EuropeEurope

A. New AcquisitionsA. New Acquisitions

-March 11, 1938-Hitler annexed -March 11, 1938-Hitler annexed Austria saying that he Austria saying that he

was was helping Germans in helping Germans in the country.the country.

-March 1939-Hitler forced -March 1939-Hitler forced Czechoslovakia to agree to Czechoslovakia to agree to annexation.annexation.


B. ReactionsB. Reactions

Munich Pact-Allowed Hitler to Munich Pact-Allowed Hitler to invade invade the Sudetenland if he the Sudetenland if he would stop would stop there. there.

Neville Chamberlain Neville Chamberlain proclaimed that proclaimed that

we had preservedwe had preserved “peace in our time.”“peace in our time.”


B. ReactionsB. Reactions

Appeasement-France and Britain Appeasement-France and Britain had had adopted the policy of adopted the policy of giving in to giving in to Hitler's demands Hitler's demands to avoid war.to avoid war.

Hitler broke his promise and Hitler broke his promise and took took over all of over all of Czechoslovakia.Czechoslovakia.

IV. Timeline of Axis IV. Timeline of Axis AggressionAggression

Axis Powers: Axis Powers:

GermanyGermany

ItalyItaly

JapanJapan

wanted to be the center of the worldwanted to be the center of the world


1931-19321931-1932-Japan invaded and -Japan invaded and conquered conquered ManchuriaManchuria

19351935-Italy invaded and annexed -Italy invaded and annexed EthiopiaEthiopia

1935-19361935-1936-Germany violated Treaty of -Germany violated Treaty of Versailles with Versailles with

conscription and conscription and remilitarizing the Rhinelandremilitarizing the Rhineland


1936-19391936-1939-Germany and Italy -Germany and Italy aided Francisco Franco aided Francisco Franco

in the Spanish Civil Warin the Spanish Civil War

19371937-Japan conquered Chinese -Japan conquered Chinese coastal areascoastal areas

19381938-Hitler invaded and annexed Austria -Hitler invaded and annexed Austria to protect German speaking to protect German speaking peoplepeople


19381938-Munich Pact-France and Britain -Munich Pact-France and Britain allowed Hitler to take the allowed Hitler to take the

Sudetenland if he Sudetenland if he would demand would demand no more no more territory. 6 months territory. 6 months later, later, he broke his promise and he broke his promise and took took all of Czechoslovakia.all of Czechoslovakia.

19391939-Mussolini invaded and annexed -Mussolini invaded and annexed AlbaniaAlbania


19391939-Germany signed the Non--Germany signed the Non-Aggression Aggression Pact with Russia Pact with Russia saying that saying that Russia would not Russia would not interfere in interfere in Poland if Germany Poland if Germany wouldn't wouldn't interfere in the interfere in the Baltic states.Baltic states.

*Sept. 1,*Sept. 1, 19391939-Germany invaded Poland, -Germany invaded Poland, France & Britain declared France & Britain declared war on war on Germany, starting WWIIGermany, starting WWII


Long Range Causes of WWII:Long Range Causes of WWII:

1. Dictatorships1. Dictatorships

2. Militarism2. Militarism

3. Nationalism3. Nationalism

4. Imperialism4. Imperialism

5. Failure of 5. Failure of

AppeasementAppeasement

V. Early Action of the WarV. Early Action of the WarA. German SuccessesA. German Successes

1. Germany unleashed blitzkrieg 1. Germany unleashed blitzkrieg warfare (lightning war). Quick warfare (lightning war). Quick

and effective coordination of and effective coordination of all parts of he military.all parts of he military.

2. Germany rolled through Poland 2. Germany rolled through Poland and easily took Denmark & and easily took Denmark &

Norway to secure naval bases.Norway to secure naval bases.


3. Germany invaded France through 3. Germany invaded France through Belgium & the Netherlands. Belgium & the Netherlands.

Nazi Nazi armies easily defeated the armies easily defeated the Allies Allies and France surrendered. and France surrendered.

Germany set up a puppet Germany set up a puppet government in the south at government in the south at

Vichy Vichy and occupied the north.and occupied the north.


4. Germany bombed Great 4. Germany bombed Great Britain for Britain for 3 months to soften 3 months to soften the island's the island's defenses for defenses for invasion. invasion. The British The British air force claimed air force claimed victory in victory in this Battle of Britain this Battle of Britain when when Hitler chose to postpone his Hitler chose to postpone his invasion of Britain.invasion of Britain.

V. Early Action of the WarV. Early Action of the WarB. U.S. ActionsB. U.S. Actions

1. Lend-Lease Act-1941-President 1. Lend-Lease Act-1941-President could could lend or lease goods to anyone lend or lease goods to anyone whose whose defense was defense was vital to the vital to the United States. United States.

2. U.S. imposed embargo on Japan 2. U.S. imposed embargo on Japan and and froze all Japanese assets in froze all Japanese assets in the U.S.the U.S.

V. Early Action of the WarV. Early Action of the WarC. 2 Mistakes made by the Axis PowersC. 2 Mistakes made by the Axis Powers

1. Germany invaded Russia-June 22, 1941-1. Germany invaded Russia-June 22, 1941-Hitler violated the non-aggression Hitler violated the non-aggression

pact and invaded hoping to control oil pact and invaded hoping to control oil and mineral resources. Russia proved and mineral resources. Russia proved to be a strong enemy with millions of to be a strong enemy with millions of troops. Stalin foiled Hitler's invasion.troops. Stalin foiled Hitler's invasion.

Known as Operation Barbarossa.Known as Operation Barbarossa.

V. Early Action of the WarV. Early Action of the WarC. 2 Mistakes made by the Axis C. 2 Mistakes made by the Axis

PowersPowers

2. Japan attacked Pearl Harbor-Dec. 2. Japan attacked Pearl Harbor-Dec. 7, 7, 1941-Japanese General Tojo 1941-Japanese General Tojo launched launched a surprise attack on the a surprise attack on the naval base naval base hoping to preserve their hoping to preserve their empire in the empire in the Pacific. The Pacific. The Japanese underestimated Japanese underestimated the the power of the United States.power of the United States.

Pearl HarborPearl HarborDecember 7, 1941December 7, 1941-Japanese wanted to buy -Japanese wanted to buy

some time to strengthen their position. some time to strengthen their position. Our fleet in Hawaii was a threat to their Our fleet in Hawaii was a threat to their dominance of the Pacific islands.dominance of the Pacific islands.

Japanese Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto said Japanese Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto said "I fear all we have done is to "I fear all we have done is to awaken a sleeping giant and fill awaken a sleeping giant and fill him with a terrible resolve." him with a terrible resolve."

Japanese reaction: "We won a great Japanese reaction: "We won a great tactical victory at Pearl Harbor and tactical victory at Pearl Harbor and thereby lost the war."thereby lost the war."

Pearl HarborPearl HarborAmerican Results:American Results:

All together the Japanese sank or All together the Japanese sank or severely damaged 18 ships, including 8 severely damaged 18 ships, including 8 battleships, 3 light cruisers, and 3 battleships, 3 light cruisers, and 3 destroyers. On the airfields the destroyers. On the airfields the Japanese destroyed 161 American Japanese destroyed 161 American planes and seriously damaged 102.planes and seriously damaged 102.

U.S casualties: 2403 dead, 1178 wounded U.S casualties: 2403 dead, 1178 wounded


16 Congressional Medals of Honor, 16 Congressional Medals of Honor,

51 Navy Crosses, 53 Silver Crosses, 51 Navy Crosses, 53 Silver Crosses,

4 Navy and Marine Corps Medals, 4 Navy and Marine Corps Medals,

1 Distinguished Flying Cross, 1 Distinguished Flying Cross,

4 Distinguished Service Crosses, 4 Distinguished Service Crosses,

1 Distinguished Service Medal, and 1 Distinguished Service Medal, and

3 Bronze Stars were awarded to the 3 Bronze Stars were awarded to the American servicemen who American servicemen who distinguished themselvesdistinguished themselves


Franklin Roosevelt called it “a date Franklin Roosevelt called it “a date which will live in infamy.”which will live in infamy.”

VI. War on the HomefrontVI. War on the HomefrontA. EconomyA. Economy

1. Agencies were created to 1. Agencies were created to coordinate war coordinate war

production in production in factories.factories.

2. Government regulated prices 2. Government regulated prices and and rationed some supplies.rationed some supplies.

3. War cost $330 billion-income 3. War cost $330 billion-income taxes taxes increased and war bonds increased and war bonds were were sold.sold.

WWII PostersWWII Posters

VI. War on the HomefrontVI. War on the HomefrontA. EconomyA. Economy

1. Agencies were created to 1. Agencies were created to coordinate war coordinate war

production in production in factories.factories.

2. Government regulated prices 2. Government regulated prices and and rationed some supplies.rationed some supplies.

3. War cost $330 billion-income 3. War cost $330 billion-income taxes taxes increased and war bonds increased and war bonds were were sold.sold.

VI. War on the HomefrontVI. War on the HomefrontB. Civil LibertiesB. Civil Liberties

1. No laws were passed to 1. No laws were passed to restrict restrict freedom of freedom of speech or press.speech or press.

2. Japanese Americans were 2. Japanese Americans were feared feared and forced to and forced to "relocation" "relocation" centers, aka centers, aka interment camps.interment camps.

VII. War Comes to an EndVII. War Comes to an EndA. Victory in EuropeA. Victory in Europe

1. *Battle of El Alamein-1942-British 1. *Battle of El Alamein-1942-British defeated Germans in North defeated Germans in North

Africa Africa leading to full Allied invasion leading to full Allied invasion of Africa of Africa and Italy.and Italy.

2. *Battle of Stalingrad-1942-2. *Battle of Stalingrad-1942-Russians Russians defeated the German defeated the German army of army of 300,000.300,000.


3. Operation Overlord-June 6, 1944 3. Operation Overlord-June 6, 1944 (D-(D- Day)-Cross-channel invasion by Day)-Cross-channel invasion by the the Allies into northern France. Allies into northern France. Allied Allied forces recaptured Paris and forces recaptured Paris and drove the drove the Germans to Berlin.Germans to Berlin.


Yalta Conference-Feb. 1945, Stalin, Yalta Conference-Feb. 1945, Stalin, Churchill, and FDR met Churchill, and FDR met to discuss to discuss the end of the war. They agreed to the end of the war. They agreed to divide, occupy, and denazify Germany. divide, occupy, and denazify Germany. Critics said that too Critics said that too much was given to much was given to Russia. Russia. They were They were basically basically allowed to allowed to control Eastern control Eastern

Europe. Europe.

VII. War Comes to an EndVII. War Comes to an EndThe Death of Franklin RooseveltThe Death of Franklin Roosevelt

President Roosevelt died April 12, 1945 President Roosevelt died April 12, 1945 from a cerebral hemorrhage. from a cerebral hemorrhage.

Harry Truman becomes president only 82 Harry Truman becomes president only 82 days after being elected VP. FDR was days after being elected VP. FDR was president for 12+ years.president for 12+ years.


4. Surrender-Hitler committed 4. Surrender-Hitler committed suicide suicide and Germany surrendered-and Germany surrendered-May 8, May 8, 1945-(V-E Day)1945-(V-E Day)

Potsdam Conference-July 17, 1945-Potsdam Conference-July 17, 1945-Leaders agreed to direction of postwar Leaders agreed to direction of postwar Germany and all dedicated to the Germany and all dedicated to the unconditional surrender of Japan.unconditional surrender of Japan.

VII. War Comes to an EndVII. War Comes to an EndB. Victory in the PacificB. Victory in the Pacific

1. Japanese successes were stopped at 1. Japanese successes were stopped at the the Battle of the Coral Sea and at the Battle of the Coral Sea and at the Battle Battle of *Midway. (1942)of *Midway. (1942)

2. Allies used "island-hopping" 2. Allies used "island-hopping" recapturing the Phillipines, Guam, recapturing the Phillipines, Guam, Iwo Iwo Jima, etc. The Japanese lost Jima, etc. The Japanese lost 20,000 of 20,000 of their 22,000 soldiers their 22,000 soldiers defending Iwo defending Iwo Jima. The U.S. Jima. The U.S. casualties were 26,000 casualties were 26,000 dead or dead or wounded.wounded.

5 Marines and 1 Navy Corpsman raise the flag atop Mount Suribachi

VII. War Comes to an EndVII. War Comes to an EndB. Victory in the PacificB. Victory in the Pacific

3. U.S. dropped 2 atomic bombs: 1 3. U.S. dropped 2 atomic bombs: 1 on on Hiroshima and 1 on Nagasaki. Hiroshima and 1 on Nagasaki. The The devastation forced the devastation forced the surrender of surrender of Japan. September 2, Japan. September 2, 1945 (V-J Day)1945 (V-J Day)

VII. War Comes to an EndVII. War Comes to an EndFacts about the Atomic BombsFacts about the Atomic Bombs

-The Manhattan Project was the -The Manhattan Project was the government program headed government program headed by J. Robert Oppenheimer that by J. Robert Oppenheimer that developed the weapons.developed the weapons.

-The two bombs were known as “Little -The two bombs were known as “Little Boy” and “Fat Man”Boy” and “Fat Man”


-The plane that dropped the first bomb,-The plane that dropped the first bomb, “Little Boy” was “Little Boy” was named The named The Enola Enola Gay. Gay.

-The bombs killed over 200,000 people on -The bombs killed over 200,000 people on or just after the days of explosion.or just after the days of explosion.


Nagasaki Memorial at the Hypocentre Nagasaki Memorial at the Hypocentre (the center of the explosion)(the center of the explosion)

VIII. Results of the WarVIII. Results of the WarA. Changes in WarfareA. Changes in Warfare

1. Total war-civilians of countries 1. Total war-civilians of countries participated in any way possible.participated in any way possible.

2. Global war-60 nations involved on 2. Global war-60 nations involved on 3 3 continents.continents.

3. Technology-radar, guided 3. Technology-radar, guided missiles, missiles, jets, atom bombs, new jets, atom bombs, new medicines.medicines.

4. Airplanes-air combat became 4. Airplanes-air combat became essential to warfare.essential to warfare.

VIII. Results of the WarVIII. Results of the WarB. Economic CostsB. Economic Costs

1. War cost billions of dollars and ruined 1. War cost billions of dollars and ruined economies.economies.

C. Social CostsC. Social Costs

1. 22 million dead & 34 million wounded1. 22 million dead & 34 million wounded

2. Millions of refugees left their home 2. Millions of refugees left their home countriescountries

3. Genocide-Hitler's racial policies 3. Genocide-Hitler's racial policies including the extermination of over 6 including the extermination of over 6 million Jews in concentration camps million Jews in concentration camps throughout Europe.throughout Europe.

VIII. Results of the WarVIII. Results of the WarThe HolocaustThe Holocaust

Adolf Hitler and the Nazi party sent Adolf Hitler and the Nazi party sent millions of European Jews to millions of European Jews to

concentration camps all over the concentration camps all over the continent. continent.

Hitler believed that the Jews were Hitler believed that the Jews were “untermencsh”, (less than human), “untermencsh”, (less than human), and blamed them for the failures of and blamed them for the failures of

German society after WWI.German society after WWI.


Prisoners at these camps were Prisoners at these camps were mistreated, underfed, and diseased.mistreated, underfed, and diseased.

The prisoners were used as forced The prisoners were used as forced laborers for many German factories.laborers for many German factories.

Nazi scientists also used the Nazi scientists also used the prisoners prisoners for experiments and for experiments and scientific/psychological studies.scientific/psychological studies.


The most notorious of these camps The most notorious of these camps were:were:

Dachau, Auschwitz, Bergen Belsen, Dachau, Auschwitz, Bergen Belsen, Sobibor, Treblinka, Buchenwald, etc.Sobibor, Treblinka, Buchenwald, etc.

The Jewish population of Europe was The Jewish population of Europe was devastated. Over 90% of all Jews in devastated. Over 90% of all Jews in Poland, Austria, Hungary, Germany, Poland, Austria, Hungary, Germany, and the Baltic States were executed.and the Baltic States were executed.


When Allied armies liberated these When Allied armies liberated these camps, they found some survivors camps, they found some survivors and and thousands of victims.thousands of victims.


Jews were not the only prisoners or Jews were not the only prisoners or victims. Anyone who was subversive or victims. Anyone who was subversive or “undesirable” was sent to the camps.“undesirable” was sent to the camps.

These included: Poles, Gypsies, These included: Poles, Gypsies, handicapped, homosexuals, Soviet handicapped, homosexuals, Soviet citizens, religious opponents, and citizens, religious opponents, and political prisoners. Each had their own political prisoners. Each had their own symbol to wear in the camps, symbol to wear in the camps, designating what type of prisoner they designating what type of prisoner they were.were.

Yellow=JewishYellow=Jewish

Red=Red=

political prisonerpolitical prisoner

Pink=HomosexualPink=Homosexual

Green=criminalGreen=criminal

Black=asocialBlack=asocial

Brown=GypsiesBrown=Gypsies

Purple=Purple=

Religious prisonerReligious prisoner

Blue=immigrant,Blue=immigrant,

forced laborforced labor

VIII. Results of the WarVIII. Results of the WarD. Political CostsD. Political Costs

1. Colonialism in Africa & Asia declined 1. Colonialism in Africa & Asia declined as France and Britain lost power.as France and Britain lost power.

2. Soviet Union acquired satellite states 2. Soviet Union acquired satellite states in Eastern Europe.in Eastern Europe.

3. United Nations was founded to keep 3. United Nations was founded to keep world peace.world peace.

4. Germany was divided into Communist 4. Germany was divided into Communist East and Democratic West.East and Democratic West.

VIII. Results of the WarVIII. Results of the WarD. Political CostsD. Political Costs

5. The United States and the Soviet 5. The United States and the Soviet Union emerged as superpowers.Union emerged as superpowers.

6. The Atomic Age began.6. The Atomic Age began.

VIII. Results of the WarVIII. Results of the WarThe Nuremberg TrialsThe Nuremberg Trials

Series of tribunals in which Series of tribunals in which prominent members of the Nazi prominent members of the Nazi Party were prosecuted for their Party were prosecuted for their involvement in the war and crimes involvement in the war and crimes

against humanity against humanity associated with associated with the Holocaust. the Holocaust.

World War II 1939-1945. I. Dictators Rise To Power A. Treaty of Versailles- created depression in Europe and resentment in Germany. Countries were economically.

Documents

wwii slide

rhineland slide

world slide

early action

annexed albania slide

world war

fascist party slide

failure of appeasement