World War II 1939-1945. I. Causes A. Similar Causes to WWI World War I World War II 1. Alliances 2. Nationalism 3. Militarism 4. Imperialism.

World War IIWorld War II

1939-19451939-1945

I. CausesI. Causes

A. Similar Causes to WWIA. Similar Causes to WWI

World War IWorld War I World War IIWorld War II

1. Alliances1. Alliances 1. Alliances1. Alliances

2. Nationalism2. Nationalism 2. Nationalism2. Nationalism

3. Militarism3. Militarism 3. Militarism3. Militarism

4. Imperialism4. Imperialism 4. Imperialism4. Imperialism

1. Axis Powers1. Axis Powers

2. Allied Powers2. Allied Powers

B. NationalismB. Nationalism

C. MilitarismC. Militarism

1. New Nazi Technologies1. New Nazi Technologies

D. Imperialism (Axis D. Imperialism (Axis Aggressions)Aggressions)

1931 Japan takes Manchuria and port of 1931 Japan takes Manchuria and port of ShanghaiShanghai

1935 Italy invades Ethiopia1935 Italy invades Ethiopia 1936 Germany retakes Saar Valley 1936 Germany retakes Saar Valley

(Rhineland)(Rhineland) 1938 Germany annexes Austria1938 Germany annexes Austria 1938 Munich Conference- Germany 1938 Munich Conference- Germany

gains Sudetenland region of gains Sudetenland region of Czechoslovakia Czechoslovakia

Aggressions cont’dAggressions cont’d

1937 Japan invades China1937 Japan invades China 1939 Germany takes rest of 1939 Germany takes rest of

CzechoslovakiaCzechoslovakia 1936-39 Germany helps Spanish 1936-39 Germany helps Spanish

fascists in Spanish Civil War- Franco fascists in Spanish Civil War- Franco comes to power.comes to power.

1939 Hitler and Stalin sign Nazi-Soviet 1939 Hitler and Stalin sign Nazi-Soviet Non-aggression PactNon-aggression Pact

September 1, 1939 Germany invades September 1, 1939 Germany invades Poland. World War II officially starts.Poland. World War II officially starts.

II. Axis on the OffensiveII. Axis on the Offensive

A. Germany 1939-1942A. Germany 1939-1942

Blitzkrieg tacticsBlitzkrieg tactics By Fall of 1940, Germany had By Fall of 1940, Germany had

conquered most of western Europe.conquered most of western Europe. Began the “Blitz” of Britain to try and Began the “Blitz” of Britain to try and

remove them from the war.remove them from the war. June 1941 Germany violated Non-June 1941 Germany violated Non-

Aggression Pact and invaded Russia Aggression Pact and invaded Russia (Operation Barbarossa) (Operation Barbarossa)

B. Japan 1937-1942B. Japan 1937-1942

1937 Invaded China1937 Invaded China 1941 Bombed Pearl Harbor/ Invaded 1941 Bombed Pearl Harbor/ Invaded

Philippines and VietnamPhilippines and Vietnam 1942 Invaded Singapore and islands 1942 Invaded Singapore and islands

south to New Guinea thus south to New Guinea thus threatening Australiathreatening Australia

1942 Also took some Aleutian Islands 1942 Also took some Aleutian Islands (US territory)(US territory)

C. Axis Successes by 1942C. Axis Successes by 1942

Held all of western and most of Held all of western and most of eastern Europeeastern Europe

Controlled most of the Mediterranean Controlled most of the Mediterranean areaarea

North AfricaNorth Africa Most of China and Southeast AsiaMost of China and Southeast Asia Controlled large areas of RussiaControlled large areas of Russia

III. Allied Turning Points 1942-III. Allied Turning Points 1942-4444

1942 Battle of Midway1942 Battle of Midway Partisans in EuropePartisans in Europe August 1942 StalingradAugust 1942 Stalingrad Spring 1943 US and British forces defeat Spring 1943 US and British forces defeat

Germany in North AfricaGermany in North Africa August 1943 Invade SicilyAugust 1943 Invade Sicily Fall of 1943 Invade ItalyFall of 1943 Invade Italy Summer 1943 Battle of KurskSummer 1943 Battle of Kursk June 6, 1944 Normandy InvasionJune 6, 1944 Normandy Invasion Winter 1944 Battle of the BulgeWinter 1944 Battle of the Bulge

IV. “V” is for VictoryIV. “V” is for Victory

A. Allied Victory EuropeA. Allied Victory Europe

After the battles of the Bulge and After the battles of the Bulge and Kursk, the German army was on the Kursk, the German army was on the run.run.

Massive Allied bombing of Germany Massive Allied bombing of Germany in 1944 and 1945in 1944 and 1945

Hitler commits suicide in April 1945 Hitler commits suicide in April 1945 as Soviets enter Berlin.as Soviets enter Berlin.

B. Allied Victory JapanB. Allied Victory Japan

After Midway, General Douglas After Midway, General Douglas MacArthur begins “island hopping” MacArthur begins “island hopping” campaign.campaign.

By Spring of 1945, Allied forces had By Spring of 1945, Allied forces had recaptured most of Pacific and after recaptured most of Pacific and after battles of Iwo Jima and Okinawa could battles of Iwo Jima and Okinawa could now launch bombing raids on Japan.now launch bombing raids on Japan.

August 1945 Hiroshima and Nagasaki August 1945 Hiroshima and Nagasaki destroyed by atomic bombs. destroyed by atomic bombs.

V. ConferencesV. Conferences 1941 Atlantic- Churchill and Roosevelt meet 1941 Atlantic- Churchill and Roosevelt meet

to set war aimsto set war aims 1943 Tehran- Stalin, Roosevelt, Churchill 1943 Tehran- Stalin, Roosevelt, Churchill

meet to discuss opening second front in meet to discuss opening second front in Europe and to agree to cooperate in war Europe and to agree to cooperate in war effort.effort.

Feb. 1945 Yalta- Big Three meet again to Feb. 1945 Yalta- Big Three meet again to discuss post war Europe, UN creation, discuss post war Europe, UN creation, agreement to defeat Japan together.agreement to defeat Japan together.

July 1945 Potsdam- Big Three (Truman now July 1945 Potsdam- Big Three (Truman now president of US) re-affirm Yalta agreements, president of US) re-affirm Yalta agreements, US hints at atomic bomb development.US hints at atomic bomb development.

VI. Results of WWIIVI. Results of WWII

2191 days of warfare2191 days of warfare 17 million soldiers killed17 million soldiers killed 44 million civilians killed-12 million in 44 million civilians killed-12 million in

Nazi death campsNazi death camps Most expensive war in historyMost expensive war in history United Nations formedUnited Nations formed 2 power world emerges- US vs. USSR2 power world emerges- US vs. USSR Cold War beginsCold War begins