World War II World War II 18.1 The Outbreak of 18.1 The Outbreak of World War II World War II
Jan 02, 2016
World War IIWorld War II
18.1 The Outbreak 18.1 The Outbreak of World War IIof World War II
Nazi Expansion
►March 1939 – Hitler’s armies occupied all of Czechoslovakia
►Hitler wants Polish city of Danzig
►= defies Munich Agreement►Poles refuse to surrender city
Nazi ExpansionNazi Expansion►France & BritainFrance & Britain►Will go to war with Germany Will go to war with Germany
if Hitler attacks Polandif Hitler attacks Poland►Hope for Soviet help against Hope for Soviet help against
NazisNazis
Soviet/Nazi Nonaggression Soviet/Nazi Nonaggression PactPact
►August 23, 1939August 23, 1939►Stalin & Hitler agree not to Stalin & Hitler agree not to
attack each otherattack each other►Shocks the world since Stalin Shocks the world since Stalin
had been against fascismhad been against fascism►Secretly agreed to divide Secretly agreed to divide
Poland Poland
War Breaks OutWar Breaks Out►Sept. 1, 1939Sept. 1, 1939►German armies invade PolandGerman armies invade Poland►Sept. 3, 1939Sept. 3, 1939►Britain & France declare war on Britain & France declare war on
Germany & become the Allied Germany & become the Allied PowersPowers
►Soviet troops also invade eastern Soviet troops also invade eastern Poland and FinlandPoland and Finland
►Poland conquered in less than 1 Poland conquered in less than 1 monthmonth
Presidential Election / Presidential Election / 19401940
►Roosevelt wins reelection for Roosevelt wins reelection for his unprecedented third termhis unprecedented third term
►Won by promising to Won by promising to keep America out of warkeep America out of war
►Secretly knew that American Secretly knew that American involvement was unavoidableinvolvement was unavoidable
Lend-Lease ActLend-Lease Act►War materials flowed between War materials flowed between
Britain & the USBritain & the US►Britain can’t pay for the suppliesBritain can’t pay for the supplies►Roosevelt proposed the US lend Roosevelt proposed the US lend
or lease the supplies to Britainor lease the supplies to Britain►Later extended to SovietsLater extended to Soviets►$50 billion shipped total$50 billion shipped total
Us received land for military basesUs received land for military bases
The Fall of FranceThe Fall of France
German BlitzkriegGerman Blitzkrieg
► = The use of tanks, planes, = The use of tanks, planes, paratroopers, and advanced paratroopers, and advanced communications to attack communications to attack quickly and overwhelm ones quickly and overwhelm ones opponent opponent
►Means “Lightning War” Means “Lightning War”
France Mobilizes & France Mobilizes & FallsFalls
►French troops mobilized on the French troops mobilized on the Maginot LineMaginot Line
► = Fortification on the southern = Fortification on the southern border between Germany & border between Germany & FranceFrance
►Germans defeated Belgium, Germans defeated Belgium, Denmark, the Netherlands, Denmark, the Netherlands, Norway, and Northern FranceNorway, and Northern France
France Mobilizes & France Mobilizes & FallsFalls
►Germans – go around Maginot Line Germans – go around Maginot Line through Ardennes Forrestthrough Ardennes Forrest
►Beat France in 1.5 MonthsBeat France in 1.5 Months►British forced off continent at British forced off continent at
DunkirkDunkirk►= Huge Failure= Huge Failure►Germany established a “puppet” Germany established a “puppet”
French government in the south at French government in the south at Vichy = Vichy = Vichy RegimeVichy Regime
Battle of BritainBattle of Britain►May 10, 1940:May 10, 1940:►Winston ChurchillWinston Churchill: elected : elected
PM of BritainPM of Britain►Britain stands alone against Britain stands alone against
the Axisthe Axis►Churchill opposed Churchill opposed
appeasement towards Hitler & appeasement towards Hitler & continued fightingcontinued fighting
Battle of BritainBattle of Britain►August 1940August 1940►Massive, daily & nightly Massive, daily & nightly
bombings of British cities by bombings of British cities by Luftwaffe Luftwaffe (German Air Force)(German Air Force)
►German Goal: German Goal: Break British Break British will to fight; doesn’t workwill to fight; doesn’t work
►British Royal Air Force used British Royal Air Force used radar & destroyed more radar & destroyed more German planesGerman planes
Operation BarbarossaOperation Barbarossa►July 1941 July 1941 ►Need Oil – fuel for armyNeed Oil – fuel for army►Hitler’s Generals against thisHitler’s Generals against this
Hitler invades the Soviet UnionHitler invades the Soviet UnionViolates their agreement; Violates their agreement; Soviets caught off guardSoviets caught off guard
Two front warTwo front war
Battle of the AtlanticBattle of the Atlantic►German U-Boats –German U-Boats –
Continued to cause serious Continued to cause serious damage to Allied ships & suppliesdamage to Allied ships & supplies
►Allies counteracted with –Allies counteracted with –Better sonarBetter sonarFaster escort shipsFaster escort shipsBombing of submarine shipyardsBombing of submarine shipyardsNazis lost 783 U-BoatsNazis lost 783 U-Boats