World War I
Feb 23, 2016
World War I
The Belligerents
• Central Powers: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, the Ottoman Empire
The Belligerents• Territory extended from the North Sea to the Middle East–Helped with communication
The Belligerents
• Germany’s well trained and equipped army was an advantage.
The Belligerents
• Allied Powers: Great Britain, France, Russia• Had more soldiers
The Belligerents• Great Britain’s navy was an advantage–Greatest navy in the world
Innovations in Warfare• U-boats (submarines) were first used by the Germans.• Germans introduce poison gas
U-Boats
Other new Weapons• Machine guns• Long range
artillery
Trenches• Trenches were
dug in defense to the machine guns
Airplanes• Used in air
battles (dog fights)
• Dropped bombs
Other new Areas of War• First war man are drafted• Women start working while
men go to war
Early Years of War• British blockade the North Sea to keep merchant ships form Germany• Germany used u-boats to sink ships carrying food and arms to the British
Early Years of War• 1915: Germany sank the Lusitania (British passenger boat)• 1,200 people were killed,
including 128 Americans• U.S. president, Woodrow Wilson
stated he would not tolerate such actions
The U.S. in the War• U.S. want to remain neutral• Supplied food and raw
materials• Due to the blockade of
Germany, U.S. traded w/ allies• Influenced by propaganda
The U.S. in the War• Arthur Zimmerman–Sent a telegram to German ambassador in Mexico proposing alliance w/ Mexico–Offered Mexico to help regain Arizona, new Mexico, and Texas if they entered the war as a Central Power
The U.S. in the War• British intercepted the
Zimmerman note and it was published in American newspapers• Germany declares a “war
zone” around Great Britain, sinking every ship possible
The U.S. in the War
• This killed many Americans
• 4/6/1917: U.S. declares war on Germany